By SHIWANI

What is Wastewater?

Water is used for many purposes. Water that has been used and contains domestic, industrial, institutional and commercial waste products is called wastewater.

Where does wastewater come from?

Residences (kitchen, bathroom, brushing teeth, washing utensils and cloths, and cooking food) Industrial Institution (water containing Industrial wastes and chemical.)

What is wastewater treatment

Process of removing pollutants from waste water before it enters water bodies or is reused is called treatment of water. Usually refer to sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment

SEWAGE
Sewage is wastewater that flows down the drain of houses, industries, hospitals, offices, fields etc. Rainwater that runs down the streets during storm or heavy rain also adds to the sewage. The dissolved and suspended solid impurities present in sewage are called contaminants.

CONTAMINANTS PRESENT IN SEWAGE

Organic Impurities Human and Animal waste, oil, pesticides and herbicides used in fruit and veg. peels. Various metals, nitrates and phosphates Nitrogen and phosphorus Causing water-related diseases such as cholera and typhoid Causing diseases like dysentery

Inorganic Impurities Nutrients Bacteria Other Microbes

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF UNTREATED OR INADEQUATELY TREATED SEWAGE

Untreated sewage is major source of groundwater and surface water pollution. Stagnant sewage from leaking sewer pies sometimes enters the drinking water pipes and pollutes it. It acts as a breeding ground for various disease causing organism such as mosquitoes and flies, which leads to diseases like cholera, diarrhea, jaundice and dysentery. Soaps and detergents contain phosphates. When wastes contain soaps and detergents are released into rivers and ponds, the favour algal growth. Growing algae consume a lot of oxygen and thus oxygen level in water decreases. The algae compete with aquatic plant and animals for oxygen and affect the aquatic life.

 To produce waste stream (effluent) To produce solid waste (sludge) To discharge or reuse them back into the environment

WASTEWATER TREATED
Clean water is basic need of al human being, plants and animals. To make drinking water available to people, wastewater has to be treated to remove all impurities. The clean water that can be consumed is called potable water.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

Wastewater treatment is process of removing contaminants from wastewater. It includes removal of physical, chemical and biological contaminants using physical, chemical and biological processes. It involves the removal of solid waste or sludge from sewage and discharging the treated water into water bodies. After treatment, the solid part of the sewage can be used as fertilizer for crops.

Where is wastewater treated?

All sources of wastewater in a Sewage Service Area are connected to sewers, which join together to form a network called a collection system. The collection system leads to a Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP).

How does it get there?

Water flows downhill because of gravity, so the WPCP is usually located at a low point in the service area. If the force of gravity isnt enough, pumping stations are used to boost wastewater through forcemains (pressurized sewers) to the WPCP.

Preliminary Treatment:
Wastewater is passed through parallel bar screen. This remove materials like rags, sticks, cans, plastic etc. The wastewater is than passed through grinder where solid waste is reduced in size so that it does not clog up the plant.

GRIT AND SAND REMOVAL PROECSS

Wastewater is then allowed to enter Grit & sand removal tant. Here, the spped of wastewater is reduced in order to allow sand, grit and pebbles to settle down.

WATER CALRIFIER
Wastewater then goes to large tank called water clarifier. The tank sloped towards the middle to allow organic material like faeces to settle at its bottom. The sludge is removed with scrapers. Here floatable solids like oil and grease are also removed with skimmer. The cleared water, so obtained, is called clarified water.

DIGESTION
Sludge is solid material removed from primary sedimentation tanks and secondary clarifiers. The sludge is transferred to separate tank where anaerobic bacteria act on it and convert it into methane, carbon dioxide and humus like material. This process is called digestion. The digested sludge is dried by spreading on sand beds and used as fertilizer. Air is the pumped through clarified water. Aerobic bacteria grow in presence of air and consume the remaining waste.

Stages of wastewater treatment:

BETTER HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICE

Solid wastes such as used tea leaves, food remains, plastic bags, soft toys, cotton and sanitary towels should not thrown down the drain. Various chemical products such as medicnes, motor oils, paints, grease, machine oils and insecticides may kill water purifying microorganism and hamper the degradation process. These should not be thrown down the drain

SANITATION AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL

Septic tanks can be built for hospitals, for groups of 4-5 houses and other isolated buildings. Using on site human waste disposal technology, excreta from the toilet seats can directly be sent to a biogas plant through covered drain. The biogas so produced can be used as source of energy.