MODUL 1 paper 3 questions

1.

A student carried out two experiments to determine the concentration of HX acid solution. Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan larutan asid HX. Experiment I Eksperimen I Titration of HX acid solution of unknown concentration with 20cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 usin phenolftalein as indicator. Pentitratan larutan asid HX yang tidak diketahui kepekatannya dengan 20cm 3 larutan natrium hidroksida 1.0 mol dm-3 menggunakan penunjuk fenolftalein. Experiment II Eksperimen II Titration of similar HX acid solution of difference concentration with 20cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 usin phenolftalein as indicator. Pentitratan larutan asid HX lain yang tidak diketahui kepekatannya dengan 20cm 3 larutan atrium Hidroksida 1.0 mol dm-3 menggunakan penunjuk fenolftalein. !ia ram 1 shows the initial and final "urette readin s for "oth experiments. !ajah 1 menunjukkan "acaan a#al dan "acaan akhir "uret "agi kedua-dua eksperimen. #xperiment 1 $ksperimen 1

20

1
$nitial "urette readin %acaan a#al "uret

21

%inal "urette readin %acaan akhir "uret

#xperiment $$ $ksperimen &&

14

25

13

26

$nitial "urette readin %acaan a#al "uret Diagram 1 Rajah 1

%inal "urette readin %acaan akhir "uret

&a' (onstruct a ta"le to record the initial and final "urette readin s and the )olumes of the acid used for "oth experiments. %ina jadual dan catat "acaan a#al dan "acaan akhir "uret serta isipadu asid yang digunakan "agi kedua-dua eksperimen di atas.

* 3 marks+ &"' ,tate the colour chan e of phenolftalein in the titration. yatakan peru"ahan #arna fenolftalein dalam titratan terse"ut. -------------------------------------.. *3 marks+ &c' The chemical e.uation for the reaction in the experiment is / Persamaan kimia "agi tindak "alas dalam eksperimen ini ialah ' HX 0 1a2H 1aX 3 0 H 22

(alculate the concentration of HX acid solutions used in "oth experiments. Hitung kepekatan larutan asid HX yang digunakan dalam kedua-dua eksperimen . #xperiment $ $ksperimen &

#xperiment $$ $ksperimen &&

* 3 marks+ &d' ,tate the hypothesis in this experiment. yatakan hipotesis "agi eksperimen ini. -----..-------------------------------.. .. ------------------------------------. * 3 marks+ &e' $f HX acid is replaced with sulphuric acid of the same concentration5 it is found that the )olume of the sulphuric acid used in the titration is half of the )olume of HX acid. #xplain why. (ika asid HX digantikan dengan asid sulfurik yang mempunyai kepekatan yang sama) didapati isipadu asid sulfurik yang digunakan dalam titratan ialah separuh daripada isipadu asid HX. *erangkan mengapa. -------------------------------------.. -------------------------------------.. -------------------------------------. * 3 marks+

2. An experiment was carried out to determine the free6in point of li.iud X. A "oilin tu"e 7

contain molten X at 84 o( was allowed to cool in a conical flask to room temperature.The temperature of X was recorded e)ery 30 seconds inter)als. %i ure 2 shows the readin of the thermometer for this experiment. Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan takat "eku cecair X. Satu ta"ung didih yang mengandungi le"uran X pada suhu +, o- diletakkan kelalang kon dan di"iarkan menyejuk dalam keadan suhu "ilik. Suhu direkod setiap 30 saat.

%$9:;# 2 &a' ;ecord the temperature at each time inter)al in the spaces pro)ided in %i ure 2. -atatkan "acaan suhu "agi setiap sela masa dalam ruangan yang disediakan dalam rajah 2. * 3 marks +

&"'

2n the raph paper "elow5 draw the raph of temperature a ainst time for the coolin of X. Pada kertas graf di "a#ah) lukiskan graf suhu mela#an masa "agi penyejukan X * 3 marks +

&c'

2n the raph in &"'5 determine the free6in point of X. ,how on the raph how you determine this free6in point. Pada graf di."/ tentukan takat "eku X. *unjukkan pada graf "agaimana anda tentukan takat "eku. * 3 marks +

&d ' How does the raph in &"' show the free6in point of X < Pada graf di."/ "agaimanakah ia menunjukkan takat "eku X. ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... * 3 marks + &e' The temperature of X did not chan e from the 80th second until the 140th second durin the coolin process. #xpalain why. Suhu X tidak "eru"ah dari saat ke +0 hingga saat ke 1,0 semasa process penyejukan. *erangkan mengapa. ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . * 3 marks + &f' =hy was the "oilin tu"e placed in the conical flask durin the coolin process< 0engapakah ta"ung didih diletakkan dalam kelalang kon semasa proses penyejukan1 ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ * 3 marks +

>

3.

A student carried out an experiment to in)esti ate the effect of heat on lead &$$' nitrate and 6inc car"onate salt. The released as is passed throu h into the lime water. %i ure 3 "elow shows the set-up of apparatus for heatin lead&$$' nitrate and 6inc nitrate. ?ead&$$' car"onate @inc car"onate &white solid'

&white solid'

#arlier experiment

Heat ?ime water ?ime water

;esidue &"rown solid'

;esidue &yellow solid'

%inal experiment Heat Heat ?ime ?ime water water

%i ure 3 &a' (omplete the followin ta"le "y statin the o"ser)ations and related inferences for heatin of lead&$$' car"onate salt. 2"ser)ations $nferences i' --------------... --------------... ii' --------------.. i' ---------------... ---------------.. ii' ---------------.

--------------..

---------------.. *3 marks+

&"' ,tate the hypothesis for the experiment. ----------------------------------.. *3 marks+ &c' =rite the chemical e.uation for the effect of heat on lead&$$' car"onate. ---------------------------------.*3 marks+ &d' The residue of heatin lead&$$' car"onate salt is dissol)ed in the dilute nitric acid. After that5 the solution is added with the excess sodium hydroxide solution. ,tate the o"ser)ation. --------------------------------------------------------------------*3 marks+ &e' 2.3> of lead&$$' car"onate decomposed completely when it is heated. (alculate the num"er of moles of as released. * ;elati)e molecular mass of lead&$$' car"onate5 23>+

*3 marks+ &f' 1ame the products when 6inc car"onate is heated. ----------------------------------*3 marks+

7.

A student is i)en an ionic compound X and co)alent compound B.

:sin the suita"le materials and apparatus5 plan a la"otary experiment to compare the electrical conducti)ity "etween the compounds of X and B. Bour explaination should include all the followin s/ &a' &"' &c' &d' &e' ,tatement of the pro"lem All the )aria"les ?ist of materials and apparatus Crocedure Ta"ulation of data * 1> marks +

10

MODUL 2 SOLVING NUMERICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING CHEMICAL EQUATION

Things to remember !!! &A'

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I"NIC )"RMU AE

(ations &0'
0ass & g ' 0olarmass

Anions &-'

&D'

1o. of moles E

&('

1o. of particles E 1o. of moles x 1A Folume of as E 1o. of moles x Golar )olume

&!'

&#'

1o. of moles E

02 1000

otes &i' Golar mass E relati)e atomic mass or relati)e molecular mass of the su"stance &ii' 1A E A)o adro constant5 3.02 x 1023 &iii' Golar )olume E 22.7 dm3 at ,TC or 27 dm3 at room conditions

NUMERICA !R"# EM$ IN%" %IN& C'EMICA E(UATI"N$ ,tep 1 / =rite a "alanced chemical e.uation ,tep 2 / $dentify su"stances in)ol)ed in the calculation5 A and D ,tep 3 / (on)ert the i)en information &massH)olume of asHnum"er of particles' of A into the num"er of moles 12

,tep 7 / (ompare the mole ratio of A and D from the chemical e.uation ,tep 4 / (alculate the num"er of moles of D "ased on the mole ratio in the e.uation ,tep 3 / (on)ert the num"er of moles of D to the unit re.uired in the .uestion

Gass & '

J ;AG K ;GG

x ;AG K ;GG

(oncentration of solution &molHdm3' and )olume

n E GF 1000 12. 2% G2?#,

x 27 dm3 K 22.7 dm3 Folume of as J 27 dm3 K 22.7 dm3

x 1A

J 1A

1o. of particles

$X30P4$ 1 (alculate the mass of 6inc re.uired to react with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 3 dm 3 of hydro en as at room conditions. *;AG/ @n534I (l534.4I Golar )olume/ 27 dm 3mol-1 at room conditions+

13

,tep 1 / ,tep 2 / ,tep 3 /

@n 0 2H(l L @n(l2 0 H2 mass< 1o. of moles of H2 3 dm3 E 3 dm3 27 dm3

,tep 7 / ,tep 4 / ,tep 3 / $X30P4$ 2

1 mol of H2

E 0.24 mol 1 mol of @n

0.24 mol of H 0.24 mol of @n Gass of @n E 0.24 x 34 E 13.24

0.73 of sodium "urns completely in chlorine as at room conditions. %ind the )olume of chlorine as. *;AG/ 1a5 23I Golar )olume/ 27 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions+ ,tep 1 / ,tep 2 / ,tep 3 / 21a 0 (l2 L 21a(l 0.73 )olume<

1o. of moles of 1a E 0.73 23 E 0.02 mol 2 mol of 1a 1 mol of (l2

,tep 7 / ,tep 4 / ,tep 3 /

0.02 mol of 1a 0.01 mol of (l2 Folume of (l2 E 0.01 x 27 E 0.27 dm3

E*ERCI$E$ 1. 2.3 of element X reacted completely with oxy en. The followin e.uation represents the reaction. 7X 0 22 2X22 17

(alculate the maximum mass of X22 formed. *;elati)e atomic mass/ XE235 2E13+

2. ,il)er chloride decomposed when it is stron ly heated accordin to e.uation "elow/ 2A 123 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 $n an experiment5 a student heated A4 of sil)er nitrate. (alculate the )olume of nitro en dioxide released at room condition. *;elati)e atomic mass/ 1E175 2E135 A E10AI 1 mol as occupies 27.0 dm 3 at room condition+

3. 3.2 of copper &$$' oxide powder is reacted with excess dilute nitric acid. (alculate the mass of copper &$$' nitrate formed in the reaction. *;elati)e atomic mass/ 1E175 2E135 (uE37+

7.

Ga nesium metal is "urnt completely in air to produce 7.0 ma nesium oxide. (alculate the mass of ma nesium re.uired in the reaction a"o)e. *;elati)e atomic mass / G E275 2E13+

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4. =hen 10 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution is added to excess lead &$$' nitrate solution5 a white precipitate is formed. (alculate the mass of precipitate formed. *;elati)e atomic mass/ 2E135 ,E325 C"E20>+

3. #xcess calcium car"onate reacts with 24 cm 3 of 0.14 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. (alculate the )olume of car"on dioxide as released at room conditions. *Golar )olume/ 27 dm3 mol-1 at room condition+

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MODUL 3 Ato i! stru!ture an" !#e i!a$ %or u$ae an" equations

1. The followin is information a"out su"stance X. 0aklumat "erikut ialah tentang "ahan X ,olid at room temperature Pepejal pada suhu "ilik Geltin point is A0 0( *akat le"ur ialah A0 0( Hi hly flamma"le. 0udah ter"akar 1>

$n an experiment to determine the meltin point of su"stance X5 a "oilin tu"e containin solid X is heated usin a water "ath until its temperature is a"o)e its meltin point. 5alam satu eksperimen untuk menentukan takat le"ur "agi "ahan X ) ta"ung didih yang mengandungi pepejal X dipanaskan menggunakan kukus air sehingga suhunya di atas takat le"ur. &a' !raw and la"el a dia ram of apparatus that is used in the experiment. 4ukis dan la"elkan gam"ar rajah susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen itu

* 2 marks+ &"' =hat is meant "y meltin point< 3pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat le"ur1 -----------------------------------* 1 mark+ &c ' =hat is the purpose of usin water "ath in the experiment< 3pakah tujuan menggunakan kukus air dalam eksperimen itu. -----------------------------------* 1 mark+

&d' !raw the arran ement of particles of su"stance X at 70 0( and 800( respecti)ely. 4ukiskan susunan 6arah "agi "ahan X pada suhu 700- and +00- masing-masing.

1A

70 0 (

80 0 ( * 2 marks+

&e'

,ketch a raph of temperature a ainst time durin the heatin . Gark on the raph to indicate the meltin point of su"stance X. 4akarkan graf suhu mela#an masa semasa pemanasan. *andakan pada graf untuk menunjukkan takat le"ur "ahan X.

* 3 marks+ &f' ,u est the name of su"stance X. -adangkan nama "ahan X. -----------------------------------* 1 mark+

2.

Ta"le 2 shows proton num"er and nucleon num"er for atom =5 X and B. (adual 2 menunjukkan nom"or proton dan nom"or nukleon "agi atom 8) X dan 9.

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Atom = X B

!roton n+mber / Nombor Proton 11 1> 1> TAD?# H (35:34 2

N+,-eon n+mber . Nombor Nukleon 23 34 3>

&a' &i'

=hat is meant "y proton num"er< 3pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nom"or proton 1 ...........................................------------....................................... *1 mark+

&ii'

=hat is the num"er of neutron in atom = < 3pakah "ilangan neutron dalam atom =1 .........................................---------------............................. *1 mark+

&"' =hich atoms are isotopes< #xplain why. 3tom ; atom yang manakah adalah isotop1 (elaskan mengapa. ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... *2 marks+ &c' =rite the electron arran ement of atom X . *uliskan susunan elektron "agi atom X. .............................................................................................................................................. *1 mark+ &d' &i' !raw the electron arran ement of atom B. $n your dia ram 5 show the num"er of proton and the num"er of neutron in the nucleus. 4ukiskan susunan elektron atom B. 5alam rajah anda) tunjukkan "ilangan proton dan "ilangan neutron dalam nukleus.

*2 marks+ &ii' =hat is the num"er of )alence electron of atom B< 3pakah "ilangan elektron <alen "agi atom B1

20

.................................................................................................................................. *1 mark+ &iii' =rite the formula of ion B. *uliskan formula ion 9. ........................................................................................... ....................................... *1 mark+ &e' =rite the sym"ol of atom X in the form of *uliskan sim"ol "agi atom X dalam "entuk
3 = 3 =

X.

X.

............................................................................................................................................... *1 mark+ 3. !ia ram 3 shows an experiment to determine the empirical formula of copper &$$' oxide. !ajah 3 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum .&&/ oksida. (opper&$$' oxide (om"ustion tu"e ?uprum.&&/ oksida *iu" pem"akaran Hydro en flame Hydro en as yalaan hidrogen @as hidrogen !ilute hydrochloric acid 3sid hidroklorik cair

Heat Panaskan

As"estos paper ?ertas as"estos

@inc pieces ?etulan 6ink Res+-t / Keputusan /

3nhydrous calcium chloride ?alsium klorida kontang !$A9;AG H !3(3H 3

Gass of com"ustion tu"e 0 as"estos paper (isim tiu" pem"akaran > kertas as"estos Gass of com"ustion tu"e 0 as"estos paper 0 copper &$$' oxide (isim tiu" pem"akaran > kertas as"estos> kuprum .&&/ oksida Gass of com"ustion tu"e 0 as"estos paper 0 copper (isim tiu" pem"akaran > kertas as"estos> kuprum &a' =hat is meant "y empirical formula< 3pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik1

E 4A.33 E 81.83 E A4.27

21

-----------------------------------*1 mark+ &"' =hat is the function of anhydrous calcium chloride< 3pakah fungsi kalsium klorida kontang1 -----------------------------------*1 mark+ &c' How to ensure that the com"ustion tu"e has "een totally filled with hydro en as< %agaimana untuk memastikan "aha#a tiu" pem"akaran telah dipenuhi dengan gas hidrogen1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------*2 marks+ &d' Dased on the a"o)e results5 %erdasarkan keputusan di atas) &i' (alculate the mass of copper and the mass of oxy en that ha)e reacted. Hitungkan jisim kuprum dan jisim oksigen yang "ertindak "alas.

*1 mark+ &ii' (alculate the mole ratio of copper atoms to oxy en atoms. Hitungkan nis"ah mol "agi atom kuprum kepada atom oksigen. * ;elati)e atomic mass H (isim atom relatif / 2 E 13 I (u E 37 +

*1 mark+

22

&iii'

!etermine the empirical formula of copper &$$' oxide. *entukan formula empirik kuprum .&&/ oksida. --------------------------------.. *1 mark+

&i)'

=rite the chemical e.uation for the reaction in the experiment. *ulis persamaan kimia "agi tindak "alas dalam eksperimen terse"ut. --------------------------------.. *1 mark+

&e' !oes this method suita"le to determine the empirical formula of aluminium oxide< #xplain your answer. 3dakah kaedah ini sesuai untuk menentukan formula empirik "agi aluminium oksida . (elaskan ja#apan anda. ----------------------------------------------------------------------*2 marks+ 7. The followin e.uation is not "alanced / Persamaan "erikut adalah tidak seim"ang '

1a2,27
&a'

Da(l2

Da,27

1a(l

$dentify the reactants and products of the reaction. ?enal pasti "ahan tindak "alas dan hasil tindak "alas "agi tindak "alas terse"ut. ;eactantsH%ahan tindak "alas / ----------------------CroductsHHasil tindak "alas / -----------------------. * 2 marks+

&"'

=rite the "alanced e.uation. *uliskan persamaan yang seim"ang -----------------------------------... * 1 mark+

&c'

(alculateHHitungkan /

23

&i'

the num"er of mole of sodium sulphate that react completely with a solution containin 7.13 g of "arium chloride * !elati<e atomic mass / (l E 34.4I Da E 13> + "ilangan mol natrium sulfat yang "ertindak "alas lengkap dengan suatu larutan yang mengandungi 7.1A g "arium klorida B(isim atom relatif ' -l C 3,.,D %a C 13E F

* 2 marks+ &ii' the mass of "arium sulphate formed when 1 mol of sodium sulphate is reacted completely with "arium chloride. * !elati<e atomic mass / 2 E 13I , E 32I Da E 13> + (isim "arium sulfat yang ter"entuk apa"ila 1 mol natrium sulfat "ertindak "alas lengkap dengan "arium klorida. B(isim atom relatif ' G C 1AD S C 32D %a C 13E F

* 2 marks+ &d' $n an experiment5 when chlorine as is passed o)er heated iron wool5 a chloride compound with 37.4 M iron "y mass is formed. !etermine the empirical formula of the chloride compound. * !elati<e atomic mass / (l E 34.4I %e E 43 + 5alam satu eksperimen) apa"ila gas klorin dialirkan melalui #ul "esi yang panas) suatu se"atian klorida yang mengandungi 37.,H "esi mengikut jisim ter"entuk. *entukan formula empirik "agi se"atian klorida terse"ut. B(isim atom relatif ' -l C 3,.,D Ie C ,A F

27

,. .a/ Ta"le 4 shows empirical formula and molecular formula for ethene. (adual , menunjukkan formula empirik dan formula molekul "agi etena.

Empiri,a- )orm+-a
Formula Empirik

Mo-e,+-ar )orm+-a
Formula Molekul

C'2
Ta"le H (adual 4

C2'0

Dased on the information in Ta"le >.15 compare and differentiate "etween empirical formula and molecular formula.of ethene in terms of type of element5 num"er of atom for each element and its relati)e molecular mass. *;elati)e atomic mass / ( E 12 I H E 1+ %erdasarkan maklumat dalam (adual >.1) "anding dan "e6akan formula empirik dan formula molekul etena dari segi jenis unsur) "ilangan atom setiap unsur dan jisim molekul relatif masing-masing. *(isim atom relatif / ( E 12 I H E 1+ * 3 marks+ &"' !ia ram 4 shows the set up of apparatus that a student used to determine the empirical formula of ? oxide. ? is situated "elow hydro en in the ;eacti)ity ,eries. !ajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan oleh seorang pelajar untuk menentukan formula empirik satu oksida ?. ? "erada di "a#ah hidrogen dalam Siri ?ereaktifan. (om"ustion tu"e *a"ung pem"akaran

#xcess hydro en flame yalaan hidrogen "erle"ihan

? oxide 2ksida ?

!ry hydro en as @as hidrogen kering

'eat

Corcelain dish Piring porselin

!ia ram H !ajah 4

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The result for a"o)e experimet is as the followin / ?eputusan yang diperoleh dalam eksperimen adalah seperti "erikut / Gass of com"ustion tu"e 0 porcelain dish (isim ta"ung pem"akaran 0 piring porselin Gass of com"ustion tu"e 0 porcelain dish (isim ta"ung pem"akaran > piring porselin > oksida logam 4 Gass of com"ustion tu"e 0 porcelain dish (isim ta"ung pem"akaran > piring porselin > logam 4 Ta"le H (adual 4 &i' Dased on the information in Ta"le >.35 determine the empirical formula of ? oxide. %erdasarkan maklumat di atas tentukan formula empirik "agi oksida 4 *;elati)e atomic mass H jisim atom relatif / ? E 20>5 2 E 13+ *3 marks+ =rite the chemical e.uation for the reaction occurred. *uliskan persamaan kimia "agi tindak "alas yang "erlaku. *2 marks+ &iii' How do you know that the air in the com"ustion tu"e has "een remo)ed completely "efore heatin < %agaimanakah anda tahu "aha#a semua udara telah disingkirkan daripada ta"ung pem"akaran se"elum pemanasan< *3 marks+ Ta"le >.7 shows the metals and suita"le method to determine their metal oxide empirical formula. (adual >.7 menunjukkan logam-logam dan kaedah yang sesuai untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida logam masing-masing. MetaLogam ? and copper 4 dan kuprum Ga nesium Metho1 Kaedah !ry hydro en as is flow to hot metal oxide. @as hidrogen kering dialirkan pada oksida logam yang panas. Getal is "urnt in air. 4ogam di"akar dalam udara.

E E E

42.74 104.8> 102.13

&ii'

&i)'

Ta"le H (adual >.7 #xplain why the methods are different< *erangkan mengapa terdapat per"e6aan kaedah itu< *2 marks+

23

&c' &i'

2H2& ' 0 22& '

2H22&N'

,tate three informations that you can predict from the a"o)e e.uation. yatakan tiga malumat yang anda dapat tafsirkan daripada persamaan di atas. *3 marks+ Dased on the e.uation5 calculate the )olume of oxy en as needed to produce 1A of water at ,TC. %erdasarkan persamaan kimia di atas) hitungkan isipadu gas oksigen pada S*P yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan 1A air. *;elati)e atomic mass H (isim atom relatif / H E 15 2 E 13 + *Golar )olume of as at ,TC H &sipadu molar gas pada S*P E 22.7 dm3+ *7 marks+

&ii'

2>

MODUL 4 Perio"i! ta&$e an" !#e i!a$ &on"s

2A

1.

!ia ram 1 shows the sym"ols of atom for element :5 F5 = and X. !ajah 1 menunjukkan sim"ol- sim"ol atom "agi unsur :5 F5 = dan X. > 12 18 20 3 : 3 F 8 = 10 X !$A9;AG H !3(3H 1 &a' =rite the electron arran ement of atom =. *uliskan susunan elektron "agi atom =. ............................................................................................................................................... . *1 mark+ &"' &i' #lement :5 F5 = and X are placed in the same period in the Ceriodic Ta"le. ,tate the period. :nsur :5 F5 = dan X "erada dalam kala yang sama dalam (adual %erkala. yatakan kala itu. .................................................................................................................................. *1 mark+ &ii' (ompare the atomic si6e of element F and X. %andingkan sai6 atom unsur F dan X. .................................................................................................................................. *1 mark+ &iii' #xplain your answer in &"' &ii' *erangkan ja#apan anda dalam &"' &ii'. ..................................................................................................................................

. .................................................................................................................................. . *2 marks + &c' #lement F can react with element = to form a compound. :nsur F "oleh "ertindak "alas dengan unsur = mem"entuk satu se"atian. &i' =rite the chemical formula for the compound. *uliskan formula kimia "agi se"atian itu. .................................................................................................................................

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*1 mark + &ii' ,tate one physical property for the compound formed. yatakan satu sifat fi6ikal "agi se"atian yang ter"entuk. -----------------------------............... *1 mark + &d' =hen element : react with element =5 a compound is produced. 3pa"ila unsur : "ertindak "alas dengan unsur =) satu se"atian terhasil. &i' ,tate the type of the compound produced. yatakan jenis se"atian yang terhasil. ---...................................................................................................................... *1 mark + &ii' !raw the electron arran ement for the compound in &d' &i'. 4ukiskan susunan elektron "agi se"atian dalam .d/ .i/.

*2 marks+ 2. Ta"le 2 shows the proton num"er of a few elements in Ceriod 3. (adual 2 menunjukkan nom"or proton "agi se"ahagian unsur dalam ?ala 3. E-ement nsur !roton n+mber Nombor proton ,odium 11 Ga nesium 12 TAD?# H (35:34 2 Dased on Ta"le 25 answer the followin .uestions / %erdasarkan (adual 2) ja#a" soalan-soalan "erikut / &a' 1ame t2o metals. amakan dua logam. -----------------------------------*1 mark+ Aluminium 13 (hlorine 1> Ar on 1A

30

&"'

(hlorine is in the roup 1> in the Ceriodic Ta"le. =hat is another name for roup 1>< ?lorin terletak dalam ?umpulan 1> dalam (adual %erkala. 3pakah nama lain "agi kumpulan 1>< -----------------------------------*1 mark+

&c' =rite the electron arran ement of aluminium atom. *uliskan susunan elektron "agi atom aluminium. -----------------------------------*1 mark+ &d' &i' Arran e the element in Ta"le 2 accordin to their atomic si6es in descendin order. Susunkan unsur dalam (adual 2 mengikut susunan menurun sai6 atom. --------------------------------.. *1 mark+ &ii' #xplain your answer in &d' &i'. *erangkan ja#apan anda di &d' --------------------------------. --------------------------------.. *2 marks+ &e' =hen sodium is "urnt in chlorine5 sodium chloride is formed. 3pa"ila natrium di"akar dalam klorin) natrium klorida ter"entuk. &i' ,tate one o"ser)ation. yatakan satu pemerhatian --------------------------------.. *1 mark+ =rite the chemical e.uation for the reaction. *uliskan persamaan kimia "agi tindak "alas itu. --------------------------------.. *2 marks+ &iii' ,tate one physical property of sodium chloride. yatakan satu sifat fi6ik "agi natrium klorida. --------------------------------.. *1 mark+

&ii'

31

3. %i ure 3 shows the sym"ol for an atom of element X and an atom of element B !ajah 3 menunjukkan sim"ol "agi atom unsur X dan atom unsur 9 .

23

34

X
11
%$9:;# H ;AOAH 3 Dased on %i ure 35 answer the followin .uestions. %erdasarkan !ajah 3 ) ja#a" soalan-soalan "erikut. &a' &i'

B
1>

=rite the electron arran ement for an atom of element X . *uliskan susunan elektron "agi atom unsur X. .................................................................................................................................. * 1 mark + ,tate the roup of element X in Ceriodic Ta"le. yatakan kumpulan "agi unsur X dalam (adual %erkala ..................................................................................................................... * 1 mark +

&ii'

&iii'

,tate the period of element X in Ceriodic Ta"le.#xplain your answer. yatakan kala "agi unsur X dalam (adual %erkala.*erangkan ja#apan anda. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. * 2 marks +

&"' &i'

=hat is the num"er of neutron in an atom of element B. %erapakah "ilangan neutron dalam atom unsur 9 .................................................................................................................................. * 1 mark+

&ii'

=rite the formula for the ion formed from an atom of element B. *uliskan formula ion yang ter"entuk daripada atom unsur9. .................................................................................................................................. * 1 mark +

32

&c ' &i'

!raw the electron arran ement of compound

formed from the reaction of

element X and element B. 4ukiskan susunan elektron "agi se"atian yang ter"entuk daripada unsur X dengan unsur 9.

* 2 marks + &ii' ,tate the type of "ond formed "etween element X and element B. yatakan jenis ikatan yang ter"entuk antara unsur X dan unsur 9. .................................................................................................................................. * 1 mark + &iii' ,tate one property of the compound formed "etween element X and element B. yatakan satu sifat fi6ik se"atian yang ter"entuk itu antara unsur X dan unsur 9. .................................................................................................................................. * 1 mark +

33

7. Ta"le 7 shows the electron arran ement of atom of element ;5 P and @. (adual 7 menunjukkan susunan elektron "agi atom unsur ;5 P dan @. E-ement nsur ; P @ E-e,tron arrangement !usunan elektron 2.A.2 2.A.7 2.A.> TAD?# H (35:34 7 &a' ,tate the Ceriod of the elements ;5 P and @ in the Ceriodic Ta"le< #xplain your answer. yatakan ?ala "agi unsur ; 5 P dan @ dalam (adual %erkala. *erangkan ja#apan anda. *2 marks+ &"' The ; atom is represented as
27 12

;.

!raw the electron arran ement of the atom of element ;. $n your drawin 5 show the num"er of proton and neutron. 3tom ! di#akili se"agai .
27 12

4ukiskan susunan elektron "agi atom unsur ;. 5alam lukisan anda) tunjukkan "ilangan proton dan neutron. *2 marks+ &c ' Dased on Ta"le 85 explain in terms of electron arran ement %erdasarkan (adual 85 terangkan dari segi susunan elektron &i' &ii' how atoms ; and @ form a compound. "agaimana atom ; dan @ mem"entuk se"atian. how atoms P and @ form a compound. "agaimana atom P dan @ mem"entuk se"atian. *A marks+

37

MODUL 5 e$e!tro!#e istr'

34

1. %i ure 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to in)esti ate the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm -3 copper&$$'sulphate solution usin car"on electrode. !ajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kuprum.&&/ sulfat 1.0 mol dm-3 menggunakan elektrod kar"on.

(ar"on electrode :

1.0 moldm -3 copper&$$'sulphate solution (ar"on electrode T

A %$9:;# H !3(3H 1.1 &a' &i' =hat is meant "y electrolysis< 3pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektrolisis 1 -------------------------.............................. *1 mark+ &ii' =hat is the ener y chan e that occurs in the electrolysis process< 3pakah peru"ahan tenaga yang "erlaku dalam proses elektrolisis. --------------------------------.. *1 mark + &"' ,tate a-- the ions present in copper &$$' sulphate solution. yatakan semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum.&&/sulfat. -----------------------------------... * 1 mark +

33

&c ' &i'

,tate an o"ser)ation at electrode T. yatakan satu pemerhatian di elektrod *. --------------------------------.. * 1 mark +

&ii'

=rite the half e.uation of the reaction at electrode T. *uliskan setengah persamaan "agi tindak "alas yang "erlaku di elektrod *. .................................................................................................................................. * 1 mark +

&d ' =hat is the colour chan e of the copper &$$' sulphate solution<#xplain your answer. 3pakah peru"ahan yang "erlaku kepada #arna larutan kuprum.&&/sulfat1*erangkan ja#apan anda. ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . * 2 marks + &e' &i' 1ame the as collected in the test tu"e at electrode :. amakan gas yang terkumpul dalam ta"ung uji di elektrod :. .................................................................................................................................. * 1 mark + &ii' The )olume of as collected at electrode : is 14.0cm3. How many moles of the as were collected< :se the information that 1 mole of as occupies a )olume of 27.0 dm3 at room temperature and pressure. &sipadu gas yang dikumpul di elektrod : ialah 1,.0cm 3. %erapakah "ilangan mol gas yang ter"e"as. @unakan maklumat 1 mol gas menempati isipadu 27.0 dm 3 pada suhu dan tekanan "ilik

* 1 mark+ &f' An experiment has "een carry out to in)esti ate the position of copper in electrochemical series usin set-up of apparatus as in fi ure 1.2. Satu eksperimen lain telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kedudukan kuprum dalam Siri $lektrokimia menggunakan susunan radas seperti !ajah 1.2. F .
Getal plate Jkepingan logam

(opper plate H kepingan kuprum 3>

(opper&$$'nitrate solution H 4arutan kuprum.&&/ nitrat

%$9:;# H !3(3H 1.2 $f the metal plate is replaced "y metal X 5B and @ that are dipped consecuti)ely5 the potential difference produced is shown in Ta"le 1.1. (ika kepingan logam digantikan dengan logam X ) 9 dan = yang dicelupkan secara "erasingan) "e6a keupayaan yang terhasil ditunjukkan dalam (adual 1. Getal plate ?epingan logam X B @ Cotential difference &F' %e6a keupayaan .2/ 0.4 1.2 2.> Ta"le H (adual 1.1 Cositi)e terminal *erminal positif (opper H ?uprum (opper H ?uprum (opper H ?uprum

Dased on the result5 arran e metals copper5 X5 B and @ in descendin order of electropositi)ity of metals. %erdasarkan keputusan di atas) susunkan logam-logam kuprum ) X )9 dan = mengikut susunan terti" menurun keelektropositifan logam. ............................................................................................................................................... . * 1 mark + 2. The %i ure 2 shows a simple chemical cell. !ajah 1.3 menunjukkan se"uah sel kimia ringkas.

<
(opper electrode $lektrod kuprum #lectrode R $lektrod R

(opper&$$' sulphate solution 4arutan kuprum&$$' sulfat %i ure H !ajah 2 Ta"le 2 shows the )olta e )alue and the positi)e terminal when different metals are used as the electrode ;.

3A

(adual 2 menunjukkan nilai <oltan dan kutu" positif apa"ila logam "erlainan digunakan se"agai elektrod ;. MetaLogam % 6 * 7 8 %o-tage 3a-+e 4%5 Nilai "oltan 4%5 1.1 2.> 0.4 0.A 0.0 Ta"le H (adual 2 &a' ,tate the ener y chan e that occurred in the chemical cell. yatakan peru"ahan "entuk tenaga yang "erlaku dalam sel ringkas itu. -----------------------------------*1 mark+ &"' &i' ,tate all the ions presence in copper&$$' sulphate solution. yatakan semua ion yang terdapat dalam larutan kuprum&$$' sulfat. -------------------------------...... *1 mark+ &ii' The colour of the copper&$$' sulphate is "lue. ,tate the ion in &"' &i' that i)es the colour of the solution. 4arutan kuprum&$$' sulfat "er#arna "iru. yatakan ion di &"' &i' yang mem"erikan #arna "iru itu kepada larutan terse"ut. -------------------------------...... *1 mark+ &c' Dased on the simple cell usin copper metal and F5 %erdasarkan sel ringkas yang menggunakan logam kuprum dan F5 &i' ,tate the direction of electron flow 1yatakan arah pengaliran electron -------------------------------...... *1 mark+ &ii' #xplain your answer in &c' &i' Terangkan ja#apan anda di &c' ------------------------------.......... *1 mark+ !ositi3e terminaKutub positi# (opper H ?uprum (opper H ?uprum (opper H ?uprum (opper H ?uprum -

38

&iii'

,tate the o"ser)ation at copper electrode. 1yatakan pemerhatian di elektrod kuprum. ------------------------------.......... *1 mark+

&i)'

=rite the half e.uation to that occured at copper electrode. *tuliskan setengah persamaan "agi me#akili tindak "alas yang "erlaku di elektrod kuprum. -------------------------------...... *1 mark+

&d' &i'

Arran e metals F5 =5 X and B in the electrochemical series in descendin order. Susunkan logam-logam F5 =5 X dan B dalam siri elektrokimia mengikut terti" menurun. -------------------------------...... *1 mark+

&ii'

$f metal X and metal B are used as the electrodes in simple cell in !ia ram 25 su est the possi"le )olta e )alue of the cell. (ika logam X dan logam B dijadikan se"agai elektrod-elektrod dalam sel ringkas pada !ajah 25 cadangkan nilai <oltan yang mungkin sel ringkas itu. ------------------------------.......... *1 mark+

&iii'

Credict metal @. !amalkan logam @. ------------------------------.......... *1 mark+

3. !ia ram 3 shows two types of cells5 cell A and cell D. !ajah 3 menunjukkan dua jenis sel ) sel A dan sel D. @inc =ink

70

(opper ?uprum

(opper&$$' sulphate solution 4arutan ?uprum.&&/ sulfat Ce-- A !el A !$A9;AGH!3(3H 3 &a' ,tate the ener y chan e in cell A. yatakan peru"ahan tenaga dalam sel A . -...----------------------------------. * 1 mark + Ce-- # !el #

&"' Gark H *andakan &i' the positi)e and ne ati)e terminal on the electrode in cell A terminal positif dan terminal negatif pada elektrod dalam sel A * 1 mark + &ii' the direction of electron flow in cell D "y drawin an arrow. arah pengaliran elektron dalam sel D dengan melukis anak panah . * 1 mark + &c' @inc in cell D acts as anode. #xplain why. =ink dalam sel D "ertindak se"agai anod.*erangkan mengapa. -----------------------------------* 1 mark + &d' ;eferrin to the positi)e electrode of cell A5 5engan merujuk kepada elektrod positif sel A5 &i' state the o"ser)ation you would expect. nyatakan pemerhatian yang anda jangkakan. ----.----------------------------. * 1 mark +

71

&ii'

=rite the half e.uation for the reaction. *uliskan setengah persamaan "agi tindak "alas yang "erlaku. ----.----------------------------. * 1 mark +

&e' #xplain what will happen to the concentration of copper&$$' sulphate solution in cell A. *erangkan apa yang "erlaku pada kepekatan larutan kuprum.&&/sulfat dalam sel A. ---------..--------------------------. -----------------------------------* 2 marks + &f' &i' The )olta e for the pair of copper and 6inc metal in cell D is 1.1 F. Credict the )olta e if 6inc metal is replaced "y ma nesium metal. %acaan <oltan "agi pasangan logam kuprum dan 6ink dalam sel % ialah 1.1F. !amalkan "acaan <oltan sekiranya logam 6ink digantikan dengan logam magnesium. --------------------------------.. * 1 mark + #xplain your answer in &f' &i'. *erangkan ja#apan anda di &f' &i'. ..-------------------------------* 1 mark +

&ii'

72