PRONOMBRES Espaol Ingls Yo ........................................ I T ......................................... You El...........................................

He (maculino, for a man/para hombre) She (femenino, for a woman/ para mujer) It ( para cosas o animales) Nosotros................................ We Vosotros................................ You Ellos...................................... They VERBOS / VERBS En espaol los verbos en infinitivo se reconocen por las terminaciones -ar, -er, -ir, y se conjugan con el pronombre delante. En ingls se usa la partcula to + infinitivo. Examples: cantar .......... to sing Beber ........... to drink Venir............ to come En espaol conjugamos el verbo con distintas terminaciones y el pronombre delante;en ingls es ms sencillo pues la forma verbal es la misma excepto que aaden una -s en la 3 persona del singular (he/she/it + verb +-s) Examples. I sing - Yo canto You sing - T cantas He/she/it sings - El /ella/ eso canta We sing - Nosotros cantamos You sing - Vosotros cantais They sing - Ellos cantan. Existen pequeas excepciones que tienen que ver con la terminacin del verbo en infitivo, as por ejemplo si el verbo termina en -o en lugar de aadir una sola -s, aade -es, por motivos de pronunciacin. Ejemplo to go (ir) sera he/she/it goes. Exercises . Hacer el presente de indicativo de los siguientes verbos. To drink To come To go To know

To eat VERBO TO BE . SER O ESTAR Es el ms importante de los verbos en ingls por ser el ms utilizado y adems actuar de auxiliar en ocasiones (como ocurre en espaol con el verbo haber en las formas compuestas, que acta de auxiliar, he cantado he sido). El verbo to be tiene una conjugacin especial: Forma normal del To be Formas contractas (ms usuales) I am I'm You are You're He/she/it is He's /she's/it's We are we're You are you're They are They're Examples: I am Mayte. Yo soy Mayte. You are M.Jos. T eres M.Jos. They are friends. Ellos son amigos. She is in the park. Ella est en el parque. I am in Vigo. Yo estoy en Vigo. Formas interrogativas del Verbo To be. Cmo hacer preguntas y cmo contestarlas. Para hacer preguntas con este verbo solamente se vara el orden, es decir, se pone primero el verbo y despus el pronombre. Para contestarlas simplemente decimos s (yes), una coma y usamos el verbo en el orden habitual (pronombre ms verbo). Examples. Am I Mayte?. Yes, I am. Are you M. Jos?. Yes, you are. Are they friends?. Yes, they are. Is she in the park?. Yes, she is. Am I in Vigo?. Yes, I am. Formas negativas. Sucede que no todas las veces que preguntamos algo la respuesta es afirmativa, podemos responder que no, por lo que debemos aprender cmo se usa la partcula negativa not. Para hacer una frase en negativo, aadimos al orden habitual el not, quedando as : Pronombre +verbo+not. Examples: I'm not Mayte. / I am not Mayte.

You are not M.Jos. / You aren't M.Jos. They are not friends./ They aren't friends. She is not in the park./ She isn't in the park. Exercise: Hacer las preguntas anteriores respondiendo en negativo. NMEROS. 1.One 2.Two 3.Three 7.Seven 8.Eight 9.Nine 13.Thirteen 14.Fourteen 15.Fifteen 19.Nineteen 20.Twenty 50.Fifty 60.Sixty

21.Twenty-one 70.Seventy 22.Twentytwo 30.Thirty

4.Four 5.Five

10.Ten 11.Eleven

16.Sixteen 17.Seventeen

80.Eighty 90.Ninety 100. A Hundred

6.Six Exercises: 01857 880462 01716332265 0134199007

12.Twelve

18.Eighteen

41.Forty

SALUDOS Y PRESENTACIONES. Good morning. Buenos das. Good afternoon. Buenas tardes. Good evening. Buenas noches ( entre las seis de la tarde y la hora en que te vayas a dormir) Goodnight. Buenas noches. Goodbye/ bye. Adis, hasta luego. Hello/Hi Hola. En ingls hay dos modos principales de presentarse, cada uno con una respuesta preconcebida:

Hello, how are you? Hola, cmo ests? Fine, thanks. And you? Bien, gracias. Y t? O bien con esta frase hecha, sin traduccin literal, y que se debe responder igual (vamos como un dilogo de besugos).

How do you do?

How do you do? Exercises: I'm English. ..'re German. He . n't Polish. He' . Brazilian. .. you British?. No, ..'m not. I'.. American. We' from Italy. Where . You from? they Egyptian?. No, they. They'.. French. .. you from Hungary?. Yes, we ... he Spanish?. No, he. He ........ Spanish. ....... she French?. Yes. She.. . She'. French. . You German?. Yes, we .. We' German. . You english?. No, I I .Irish. VERBE TO HAVE GOT El verbo to have got significa poseer. Con la partcula invariable got, slo hace referencia a posesin, si se la quitamos, se conjuga de otro modo y significa tener, adems de funcionar a veces como un auxiliar. Examples: I have got a house. Tengo una casa. I have a headache. Tengo dolor de cabeza. Observar que aqu no lleva la partcula got, porque no hace referencia a posesin. Conjugacin del To have got. Presente Interrogativa Negativa I have got Have I got? I have not got /I haven't got You have got Have you got? You have not got / You haven't got He has got Has he got? He has not got/ He hasn't got. She has got Has she got? She has not got/ she hasn't got. It has got Has it got? It has not got/ it hasn't got. We have got Have we got? We have not got/ we haven't got. You have got Have you got? You have not got / You haven't got. They have got Have they got? They have not got/ They haven't got. Examples. I have got a house. Yo tengo una casa. You have got a car. T tienes un coche. She has got a new dress. Ella tiene un vestido nuevo.

It has got a collar. El tiene un collar. We have got a fantastic book. Nosotros tenemos un libro fantstico. Como decamos antes el verbo to have no siempre va acompaado de la partcula got. En los casos en que significa tener o que funcione como auxiliar no la lleva y se conjuga de forma diferente. Pero para explicarlo debemos conocer ante el verbo auxiliar To do. VERBE TO DO Este verbo se puede utilizar solo, y significa hacer, o bien utilizarlo como un auxiliar para todos los verbos excepto para el To be y el To have got, que slo aaden el not en la forma negativa y en la interrogativa se invierten. ( Have I got? - Are you? - She isn't.) Conjugacin To do (hacer) Presente Interrogativa Negativa I do do I? I do not/ I don't You do do you? You do not/ you don't He does does he? He does not/ he doesn't She does does she? She does not/ she doesn't It does does it? It does not/ It doesn't We do do we? We do not/ We don't You do do you? You do not/ You don't They do do they? They do not/ They don't Por lo tanto este verbo adems de poder usarlo solo, nos va a servir para hacer la interrogativa y la negativa de todos los dems, slo tenemos que fijarnos en la variacin que sufre en la tercera persona de singular (he/she/it does). Pero es muy importante saber que como todos los verbos en 3 p.sing. sufren variaciones, normalmente aaden una -s, no pueden ir juntas dos variaciones, es decir, al conjugar con el verbo to do dejamos la variacin del do y eliminamos la del otro verbo. Examples: El presente de indicativo del verbo to run (correr) es el siguiente: I run You run He/She/It runs We run You run They run Si lo queremos pasar a negativa o interrogativa, como no es ni el to have got ni el to be, se conjugan con el to do, pero del siguiente modo. Do I run? I don't run.

Do you run? You don't run. Does he run? He doesn't run. Does she run? She doesn't run. Does it run? It doesn't run. Do we run? We don't run. Do you run? You don't run. Do they run? They don't run. Examples. I don't go to the cinema. Yo no voy al cine. She does her homework. Ella hace sus deberes. It don't drink water. El no bebe agua. We speak English. Nosotros hablamos ingls. They don't speak German. Ellos no hablan alemn. Do you break my heart?. Rompes t mi corazn?. Does she lose her book? Pierde ella su libro? She doesn't lose her book. Ella no pierde su libro. He eats a hamburguer. El come una hamburguesa. He doesn't eat a sandwich. El no come un bocadillo. We don't go to the beach in winter. Nosotros no vamos a la playa en invierno. Do we go to the beach in summer?. Vamos a la playa en verano? VERBE TO HAVE Como vimos antes tambin podemos conjugar el verbo to have con un sentido de tener pero no de poseer, el presente se conjuga como el to have got , pero sin la partcula invariable got, y la interrogativa y la negativa con el auxiliar to do. Presente Interrogativa Negativa I have Do I have? I don't have You have do you have? You don't have He has does he have? He doesn't have She has does she have? She doesn't have It has does it have? It doesn't have We have do we have? We don't have You have do you have? You don't have They have do they have? They don't have

Casi siempre podemos poner el verbo to have en lugar del to have got, pero si lo hacemos debemos tener en cuenta que se conjugan de distinto modo en negativa y en interrogativa. Examples. I have got a car. I haven't got a car. Have I got a car? I have a car. I don't have a car. Do I have a car? Con esto tenemos los tres verbos principales y ms utilizados en Ingls, el To be (ser o estar) el to have (tener) y el to do (hacer, y que nos sirve de auxiliar para todos los dems) Exercises. Hacer el presente, la forma interrogativa y negativa de estos verbos. To go (ir) To phone (telefonear) To come (venir) To open (abrir) To play ( jugar, tocar algn instrumento) To speak (hablar) To like (gustar) Exercises. Mary . (go) to the cinema all Mondays. Sharon ..(play) the guitar. Steve (go) to the park. They (open) the window. Gizbo, the cat, (eat) a lot. We . (come) to the English class. Mark .. (phone) the bank. We . (not like) football. You (not work) in an office. He (not have got) a dog. I. (be) Mayte. My name .. (not be) Arantxa. I (be) in my home. She .. (love) music. It . (be) a very good mouse. I . (answer) the question.

Kent Walker is a secret agent. He is in London now. He has to travel to a country called Tribania. He cannot travel with his own passport because perhaps the police in Tribania have some information about him. Perhaps they know he is a spy. Robert Shaw was born in Cardiff in 1954. His parents moved to Bristol when he was six. He lived in Bristol for twelve years. He went to London University when he was nineteen and studied computer science. He got married four years ago. Three years ago he moved to Southampton where he still lives with his wife and two children. He now has a job with Computer International Services. He has been with this company since 1st April. Traduccin del texto : Kent Walker es un agente secreto. El est en Londres ahora. El tiene que viajar a un pas llamado Tribania. El no puede viajar con su propio pasaporte porque quizs la polica en Tribania tiene alguna informacin sobre el. Quiz ellos saben que es un espa. Robert Shaw ha nacido /naci en Cardiff en 1956. Sus padres se mudaron a Bristol cuando el tena seis (aos).El vivi en Bristol durante 12 aos. El fue a la Universidad de Londres cuando tena 19 y estudi ciencias de las computadoras (informtica). El contrajo matrimonio hace cuatro aos. Hace tres aos se mud a southampton donde an vive con su mujer y dos nios. El ahora tiene un trabajo con la Computer International Services (servicios internacionales de ordenadores). El ha estado con esta compaa desde el primero de abril. Traduccin de las preguntas y posibles respuestas:

Where does Shaw live? - Donde vive Shaw?

He lives in Southampton. - El vive en Southampton.

What is his job? . - Cual es su trabajo?.

He jobs with computers. His job is computer science. - Trabaja con ordenadores. Su trabajo es informtico.

Is he a spy?. - Es un espa?
No, he isn't. - No, el no lo es.

Who does he work for? - Para quien trabaja?

He works for Computer Internationa Services. - Trabaja para C.I.S.

What is his nationality? - Cul es su nacionalidad?

He is Britain/English. - El es britnico/ingls.

Where was he born? - Dnde naci?

He was born in Cardiff. - El naci en Cardiff.

When was born? -Cundo naci?

He was born in 1954. - El naci en 1954.

How old was he when he moved to Bristol? - Cuntos aos tena cuando se mud a Bristol?
He was six years old. /He was six. - El tena seis aos de edad.

How long was he there? - Cunto tiempo estuvo all?

He lived in Bristol for twelve years. - El vivi en Bristol durante/por doce aos.

How old was he when he went to London University?- Qu aos tena cuando fue a la
Universidad de Londres? He was nineteen years old. - Tena diecinueve aos.

What did he study at Bristol University? - Qu estudi en la universidad de Bristol?

He didn't study anything at Bristol University. He went to London University. - El no estudi nada en la universidad de Bristol. El fue a la universidad de Londres.

How long has he been married? - Cunto tiempo ha estado casado?

He got married four years ago. - El contrajo matrimonio hace cuatro aos.

How long has he been in Southampton? - Cunto tiempo ha estado en Southampton?

He moved to Southampton three years ago. - Se mud a Southampton hace tres aos.

What company does he work for?- Para que empresa trabaja?

He works for C.I.S. - Trabaja para C.I.S.

How long has he have a job with Computer International Services? - Cunto hace que ha
trabajado para C.I.S.? He has have a job with C.I.S. since 1st (first) April. Ha tenido un trabajo con C.I.S. desde el primero de abril. EJERCICIOS DE REPASO DE FORMAS VERBALES. Complete the sentences:

They ..................... a barbecue on Sundays. (have/has) ellos tienen una barbacoa todos los
domingos

He . To bring the books. (forget/ forgets) el olvida traer los libros. She. Lucky to catch the bus. (is, are, am) ella tiene suerte de coger el bus. (to be
lucky)

We a barbecue today. (have/has) nosotros tenemos una barbacoa hoy. He.. lucky to have a boat. (am/is) el tiene suerte de tener un bote. He . His new pet to Sally. (show/shows) el ensea su nuevo cachorro a sally. Jerry .. his new pet Max. (call/calls) Jerry llama a su nueva mascota Max. Sally.. the pet in her arms. (hold/holds) Sally coge/abraza el cachorro en sus brazos They.. the pet playing. (see/sees) ellos miran al cachorro jugando. She to go to London. (hope/hopes) ella espera ir a Londres. They.. for freedom. (fight/fights) Ellos luchan por la libertad. We the old mission. (visit/visits) Nosotros visitamos la vieja misin. He his dog for a walk. (take/takes) He saca/coge a su perro para un paseo
Make negative:

 I am hungry.tengo hambre
......

I am thirstytengo
sed..

They forget my birthday ellos olvidan mi

cumpleaos..

We have a barbecue every Sunday... You work in an officetu trabajas en una

oficina..

We smoke two cigarrettesnosotros fumamos dos

cigarrillos....

He speaks Greek very well el habla griego muy

bien.. Make interrogative:

You are hungry He is thirsty. She forgets my birthday... You have a barbecue every Sunday.
Complete with the verb to be:

Is he American? Yes, he ... Is it a hospital? No, it .. It's a hotel. Is .. a T.V?. No, ..isn't. It a computer. ..it a Japanese? Yes, she a doctor? No, isn't. ..a teacher. Is your car German? No, . It .Italian.
QUESTIONS: Las partculas ms usadas para hacer preguntas son: WHO - Quien WHERE - Dnde HOW - Cmo WHAT - Qu WHEN - Cundo WHICH - Cul

Se pone la partcula interrogativa que deseamos delante, y luego la frase en interrogativa, es decir verbo y pronombre si es con el to be o con el to have got (what are you?/what have you got?) o bien el auxiliar to do el pronombre y el verbo que se conjuga ( what do you do?)

Esto no supone ninguna variacin hacia lo que ya sabamos, simplemente ponemos delante de todo la partcula interrogativa. Unas de las preguntas ms habituales son : Who are you? - quin eres? Where do you live? - dnde vives?- I live in Vigo. Where are you from? - De dnde eres? - I'm from Spain. How old are you? - qu aos tienes?- I'm twenty-seven years old. What do you do? - qu haces? (se refiere a profesin). I'm a doctor. What's your name? -cmo es tu nombre?. - My name is Mayte. TEXTE. My name is Lee. I'm twenty-one years old. I live with my family in a small flat in Hong-Kong. I study psychology. I speak English and Chinese. I like Chinese and Italian food. I don't drink coffee or milk but I love Chinese tea. I don't smoke and I don't have got a car. In the evenings, I watch TV or films on video. On Saturdays, I go to discos and on Sundays, I play basketball or table tennis. Answer the questions about the texte: Where is he from.? Where does he live?.. How old is he? Does he work? ... What does he do? .. Does he study on Saturdays? What is his name? Does he have got a car? Does he drink milk? .. What languages does he speak?. Subrayar todos los verbos que se encuentren en el texto. Escribir tres frases sobre vosotras mismas. I live with my family in Lagos, Nigeria. I don't work. I study computer science. I want to be a computer programmer. In my free time, I meet my friends or watch TV. And I do a lot of sport. I play football and I run every day. I don't smoke and I don't drink alcohol.

Does he live with his family?. Does he work? ... Does he a student? . Does he want to be a programmer? ... What does he do in his free time? . Where does he live? .. What's his nationality? . Posessives: I ------------- my. My house. My car. My flat. My job. (mi casa, mi coche, mi piso, mi trabajo) You----------your Your case. Your friend . Your door. (tu maleta, tu amigo, tu puerta) He -----------his His book. His pen. His mother. (su libro, su boligrafo, su madre) She-----------her Her hand. Her pet. Her eyes. (su mano, su mascota, sus ojos) It------------- its Its channel. Its bone. Its home (su canal, su hueso, su hogar/casa) We ---------- our Our travel. Our class. Our bodys. (nuestro viaje, nuestra clase, nuestros cuerpos) You--------- your Your paper. Your bicycle. Your tree. (vuestro papel, vuestra bicicleta, vuestro rbol) They-------- their Their ship, their milk, their carpet. (su barco, su leche, su alfombra) ........... name is Anna. ..........names are Mark and Paul. ........ name is Anxo. Articles. El artculo un/una es muy utilizado en ingls y muy fcil pues simplemente se escribe a, solamente hay que tener encuenta que si el nombre o adjetivo al que acompaa comienza por vocal, se cambia por an, pues no deben ir dos vocales juntas. Ex. : a bus, a hand, a tree, an egg, (un autobus, una mano, un rbol, un huevo.) An airport. ..... hamburger ..... snake .. year. .Italian film.

.. pizza ..Chinese restaurant. ...... important pone number. egg. EL VERBO TO MAY May , que se traduce por puede que, podra en el sentido de ser posible y de tener permiso, es un verbo defectivo con slo dos tiempos: presente (may) y pasado (might). El presento tiene una sola forma para todas las personas, es decir, no aade s en la tercera de singular, y va seguido de un infinitivo sin to I may go to the cinema tomorrow. Podra, puede que vaya al cine maana. It may be cold inside. Podra hacer fro dentro. -Se suele utilizar para pedir permiso de forma educada, o para requerimientos que exigen cierta cortesa. When you finish the test, you may leave. Cuando acabes el exmen, puedes irte. May I borrow your pen, please? Puedo pedirte prestado tu bolgrafo, por favor? -Tambin indica posibilidad. I may rain tomorrow. Podra llover maana. She isn't in class. She may be sick / ill. Ella no est en clase. Puede que est enferma. - O tambin expresa una prohibicin. You may not smoke here. No puedes fumar aqu. You may not walk on the grass. No puedes andar sobre el csped. I may + verb I may not + verb May I +verb? You may He/she/it may We may You may They may VERBO MUST : El presento tiene una sola forma para todas las personas, es decir, no aade s en la tercera de singular, y va seguido de un infinitivo sin to Se traduce como deber y slo tiene la forma de presente, en pasado y futuro utilizamos en lugar de must el verbo have to. I must go to visit her. Debo visitarla. I must be there. Debo estar all. Puede expresar deber moral, (you must go to see your mother, debes visitar a tu madre).

Probabilidad (Karen must be sick) Necesidad (enfatizar una frase, I must be home by eight, debo estar en casa sobre las ocho) Prohibicin (You must not walk on the grass. It is prohibited. No debes andar sobre el csped. Est prohibido.) I must wash my hands before dinner. Debo lavar mis manos antes de cenar. Must he make than noise? Debe hacer ese ruido? Mother must be cooking because I can smell food. Mam debe estar cocinando porque puedo oler comida. You must not swim after lunch. No debes nadar despus de comer. VERBO SHOULD : Puede tener varias traducciones posibles, no ms habitual es que sustituya al condicional del castellano dependiendo del verbo que acompae: cambiara, sera, nadara..... Pero muchas veces lo traducimos tambien por debera. El presento tiene una sola forma para todas las personas, es decir, no aade s en la tercera de singular, y va seguido de un infinitivo sin to I-you-he- she- it- we - you- they- should /should not + verb. He should not swim after eating. No nadara despus de comer. (tb. No debera nadar) You should not drive too fast. No deberas conducir tan rpido. It should be a nice day. Ser/sera/ podra ser un bonito da. Should he buy a motorcycle? Comprara una moto? Should we wait for Tom? Deberamos esperar por Tom? It shouldn't rain if there are no clouds. No debera llover si no hay nubes. VERBO OUGHT TO Podramos traducirlo como tener que o deber por obligacin. Tambin va acompaado de un verbo en infinitivo sin to, solo que ya de por si el verbo ought va acompaado de su propio to. Como los anteriores no cambia en la tercera persona de singular, es decir, no aade -s. I- you- he- she- it- we- you- they ought to/ought not to + verb I ought to change my clother because they are dirty. Tengo que cambiar mis ropas porque estn sucias. We ought to be happy when the new color TV arrives. Tenemos que estar felices cuando la nueva televisn en color llegue. It ought not to rain if there are no clouds. No tiene que llover si no hay nubes. It ought to snow today. Tiene que /debera nevar hoy. It ought not to cost very much. No debe costar mucho. VERBO TO CAN.

Significa poder, es mucho ms comn que todos los anteriores. El presento tiene una sola forma para todas las personas, es decir, no aade s en la tercera de singular, y va seguido de un infinitivo sin to I can +verb Can I +verb I can not/can't +verb I cannot do that. No puedo hacer eso. It cannot play football, it has four legs. El no puede jugar al ftbol, tiene cuatro piernas. We can go to the cinema next Sunday. Podemos ir al cine el prximo domingo. Can you say that name? Puedes decir ese nombre? Can I do it? Puedo hacerlo? He can speak Russian. She can't play tennis. Can you ride a horse? Yes, I can. No, I cannot. WHAT TIM E IS IT? (qu hora es?) Sixty seconds = a minute. Sixty minutes = a hour. Twenty-four hours= a day Seven days = a week Four weeks = a month Twelve months = a year. a.m. : in the morning p.m. : in the afternoon 12.00 : midday 24.00 : midnight Desde la posicin de las doce a las doce y media utilizamos la partcula past, ponemos primero el sujeto que es it porque las horas son cosas no personas, despus van los minutos seguidos de past y finalmente las horas, es decir al revs que en castellano. It's one o'clock. La una en punto. It is five past one . La una y cinco It's ten past one. La una y diez. It's fifteen past one. La una y quince. O It's a quarter past one. (ms utilizada) It's twenty past one. La una y veinte. It's twenty-five past one. La una y veinticinco. It's half past one. La una y media, forma especial como las y cuarto. A partir de aqu sigue todo igual excepto que cambiamos la partcula past por to. It's twenty-five to two. Las dos menos veinticinco. It's twenty to two. Las dos m enos veinte. It's a quarter to two. Las dos menos cuarto.

It's ten to two. Las dos menos diez. It's five to two. Las dos menos cinco. It's two o'clock. Las dos en punto. What time is it? 9.15 4.45 6.27. 7.28 9.55 TEXTE: A DAY OF A NURSE. I go to work at ten o'clock in the evening. I wear a blue and white uniform at work. I work in a very big building with a lot of beds and windows. I like working with people. I get home at seven in the morning. TEXTE : THE POSTMAN He gets up at five o'clock in the morning and he starts work at six. He goes to woek by car but at work he walks a lot. He hates dogs and he hates working when it rains. He finishes work at midday. TEXTE: KAREN'S DAY I live in New York city.I get up at seven thirty. Then I have breakfast and go to work. I have lunch at one. I finish work at five. I have dinner at seven. After dinner I watch TV, and I go to bed at about eleven. FAMILY Mother Father Madre Padre Mary Johnson has got a brother and a sister. Her brother is Will. He goes to school. Her sister, Amelia, is married. She has two children: a baby girl,

What time does she start to work? Where do you think that she works? Does she like her job? What does she wear in her job?

What time does he get up? Does he like dogs? Does he work by car? What time does he finish work?

What does she do after breakfast? What time does she have lunch? What does she do after dinner? Does she go to bed late?

Grandfather Grandmother Aunt Uncle Brother-inlaw Cousins Parents Sister brother Son daughter husband wife nephew niece

Abuelo Abuela Ta To

Wendy, and a boy called Craig. Mary's brother-inlaw is called John. Mary's grandfather is Harry. He and his wife, Maggie, live in Sydney, Australia. Mary's grandparents have two chindren. Lucy is married to Tom Brown. Mary likes her cousins Alvin and Rose, but the live a long way away. What is the name of Mary' s brother?

cuado Primos Padres Hermana hermano Hijo hija Marido mujer Sobrino sobrina

Where do Harry and Maggie live? Does Mary like her cousins?

TEXTE: FAMILIES Paul is looking at a family photograph. He is talking about his family.That is Simon, my brother. He is a banker, That is Ann, his wife. She is a music teacher. They have got two sons. Joe is seven years old and his brother, Tim, is ten years old. That is my sister, Caroline. She is Joe and Tim's favourite aunt! That is her husband, Robert. He is a writer. They've got a son and a daughter, John and Sandra my nephew and niece of course! They are fun. Can you make these sentences negative? He needs to buy a tennis racket They need to study the lesson.

How many sons has Simon and Ann got? Who Is Tim's favourite aunt? What does Simon do? And Robert?

We need to wash the car. You need to spend a day at the library It need to be bigger. Can you complete these sentences? Use one of the words or phrases in brackets. I.. to ride a horse. (want, wants) We.. to buy a cheap football. (wants, want) Jim and Ben to see that film. (don't want, doesn't want) You.. to watch television last night. (wants, want) I to wear gloves. (doesn't want, don't want) Can you change these staments into questions? For example: Ben wants to play tennis. Does Ben want to play tennis? Alice wants to buy some nice tennis balls. The need to do exercises. I want to learn Spanish. You want to read the newspaper. We need to telephone to Mother. Can you complete these sentences? Use one of the words or phrases in brackets. .. doesn't want to see that film. (Bill, they) .. don't need to study that lesson. ( Jack and Bill, he) Do need to buy a nice tennis racket? (She, you) SIMPLE PAST La mayora de los verbos en pasado aaden -ed, pero existen otros muchos que tienen una forma especfica y que tenemos que aprender. La nica diferencia con el presente es que no aaden -s en la tercera persona de singular, por lo que siempre es la misma forma. En cuanto a la forma interrogativa y la negativa siguen la misma forma que el presente, el auxiliar delante en pasado y luego la forma del verbo que ests conjugando en infinito (sin el to). Examples. To do (auxiliar) To be (ser o estar) I did I was You did You were He/she/it did he/she/it was We did we were You did you were They did they were

Regular verbs : add -ed To play - played jugar To weigh - weighed pesar To wait - waited esperar To post - posted enviar To help - helped ayudar Irregular verbs: To tell - told decir To see- saw ver To send- sent enviar To do- did hacer To go- went ir To have- had tener Present simple past simple I go I went I don't go I didn't go Do I go Did I go? Yes, I do. / Yes, I did. No, I don't. / no, I didn't EXERCISES. Can you complete these sentences? Use one of the woeds in brackets?. Bethsad because of her test. (was, were) Lauraher lesson. (studied, studies) I the test. (passed, passes.) We right about this work.(was, were) They have.for the test. (studied, studies) Hethe time reading.(spends, spent) Make the sentences negative: There were some pictures on the wall. She worked yesterday. There was a knife on the floor. He likes jazz. They were to fly to Ankara.

PRESENT CONTINUOS / PROGRESIVE TENSE El presente continuo se utiliza de dos maneras, como un significado de futuro en algunos casos y normalmente en situaciones que estn ocurriendo en el preciso momento en que se est hablando. Se utiliza con el verbo to be conjugado y el otro verbo que lo acompaa aade a su infinitivo (sin el to) la terminacin -ing. En pasado se utiliza tambin conjugando el verbo to be en pasado. Examples: That people are dancing. Esa gente est bailando. I think my boyfriend is working. I am wearing a red skirt. Llevo puesta una camiseta roja. John is probably getting up. John est probablemente levantndose. She is singing. Ella est cantando. Andy is talking to Polly. Andy est hablando con Polly. What are you cooking? qu ests cocinando? What are you eating? Qu ests comiendo? Exercises: Can you complete these sentences? Put the verbs in the progressive present We. Listening to the radio. She listening to records. .. you listening to the radio? . She going to the cinema? .. he selling tickets? .. were listening to the radio before the TV program started. (you, Jack) . Was buying the tickets before the film started. (we, Jane) were going to the cinema when it started to rain. (Jack and Don, she) A LETTER TO A PENFRIEND Kopitarjeve 11 15121, Ljubljana Slovenia October 28th 1995 Dear Karina, My name's Dalibor and I'm from Slovenia. I was born in Dobrova, a small town near Ljubljana in Slovenia but we live in Ljubljana now. I live with my parents, my grandmother

and my brother and sister. My brother's at school and my sister works for IBM. My father's got a small company wich exports glass. My mother's a housewife, but she often helps at my father's company too when they're very bussy. I'm twenty'two and I'm single. I'm studying Technology. I'm in my third year at university. I have classes every morning from 9 to 1.30 and then I have lunch. In the afternoon, I usually study in the library. When I finish my university course I'm going to try and get a job as an engineer in an international company. That's why I need to learn English. In my free time I like playing sport. At weekends I play basketball for the university team. I also like travelling very much. Last summer I went on holiday to Bulgaria. I went with Iva, my girlfriend, and we stayed in a youth hostel near Sofia. The weather was great so we went walking in the mountains nearly every day. It was fantastic. Have you ever been there? Please write soon and send a photo. Best wishes, Dalibor. Who is he? Where was he born? Where does he live? What does his family do? How old is he? What does he do every day? Why is you learning English? What does he like doing in his free time? What did he do last summer? What will he do when he finish at university? Read the letter. Answer true or false.

He lives in the town where he was born. He lives with five people. His parents sometimes work together. He has three and a half hours of classes every day. He's going to use English at work. He likes basketball and travelling. His girlfriend's name is Sofia.
A family tree. Joe's wife's name is Ann. Joe and Ann have got three children: two daughters and a son. Their daughters' names are Alice and Lucy, and their son's name is Fred. Fred and Lucy

are not married. Alice's husband's name is Harry. Harry and Alice have got two children: a boy and a girl. Their daughter's name is Pat, and their son's name is Eric. Who is Joe's wife? Who is Eric? Has Ann got any son? And daughter? What are their names? What are you like? What do you looks like? I've got blue eyes, and my mother has, too. I've got straight hair but my brother's got curly hair. Sheila has got long dark hair and brown eyes. Mary has got long fair hair and green eyes. Thomas is five feet tall. My father weighs about 70 kg. I'm thirty-four, and I look my age. How tall are you? How much do you weigh? I'm quite shy. I look calm but actually I'm rather nervy. I think I'm kind but sometimes I am bad-tempered. I think I look like a bussinesman. Mary's brother is eighteen years old. He is a good-looking boy. He has got a a He has got brown eyes and short and straight fair hair. He is very tall, about seven feet inches tall and slim, over fifty-five kilogrames. He practices sports then he has got a muscular body. He looks like an actor. COMPARATIVES POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE The dog is big the garage is bigger the house is the biggest The bicycle goes fast the motorcycle goes faster the car goes fastest The car is small the bicycle is smaller the ball is the smallest The salad is cold the milk is colder the ice cream is the coldest The salad is good the milk is better the ice cream is the best Mother eats well bobby eats better father eats best.

Usually for adjectives and adverbs that have one or two syllables.
Normalmente para adjetivos y adverbios que tienen una o dos slabas aaden al adjetivo er para el comparativo, y para el superlativo -est. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE Old viejo older oldest

Cold white Cheap Fast Slow Soon

Fro blanco barato Rpido Despacio pronto

Colder Whiter Cheaper Faster Slower sooner IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Coldest whitest Cheapest Fastest Slowest soonest

Good Well Much bad Little badly

Bueno Bien Mucho Malo Pequeo malamente

Better Better More Worse Less worse

Best best Most Worst Least worst

Usually for adjectives of more than two syllables and adverbs that end in ly
Normalmente para adjetivos de ms de dos slabas y adverbios que finalicen en ly, aaden more delante en el comparativo y most en el superlativo. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE Important importante More important more expensive More difficult More nearly More happily More quietly Most important Most expensive Most difficult Most nearly Most happily Most quietly

Expensive Caro Difficult Nearly Happyly quietly Difcil Cercano Felizmente tranquilamente

For adjectives and adverbs that indicate less of a quantity.

Para adjetivos y adverbios que indican menos de una cantidad (referidos a cantidades) POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

expensive Difficult Wide Scared Quietly Nicely

Caro Difcil Ancho Asustado Tranquilo bonito

Less expensive Less difficult Less wide Less scared Less quietly Less nicely THE BIGGEST DESERT

Least expensive Least difficult Least wide Least scared Least quietly Least nicely

In the northern part of Africa there is a great amount of hot, dry land called desert. This desert is bigger than Spain, France, and Germany together. It is called the Sahara Desert and it is the biggest desert in the world. Nobody lives in the driest parts of the desert. In other parts where the land is higher there is enough rain for plants to grow. In the desert there are places where water comes from springs or wells all the year. These places are called oases. Many of the people of the desert move from place to place looking for more water and grass for the animals. The camel is the most important animal in the desert. It is called the ship of the desert Most of the land in the desert is not owned by anyone. ABOUT MARTIN Martin lived in London for ten years, and then he went to Surrey, where he bought a new house. He worked at Interface Computers Ltd for three years, that is, since 1970. He always had the same job, and never thought about changing. He got married in 1975, tha is, he is married for six years. He and his wife, Judith moved into their house in Surrey five years ago, and they live there ever since. Martin and Judith met while they were still at school: they knew each other since they were fifteen years old. They have had two children since they get married; the younger child is still at school, but the elder son left scholl and is now at college. What does Martin do? Where did he meet Judith? How many children has they got? How old is their elder son? Where does Martin live? Did he live in Surrey since he was born? What do their children do? How old were Martin and Judith when they met each other?

Translation: Martin vivi en Londres durante 10 aos, y entonces el se fue a Surrey, donde compr una casa nueva. El trabaj en Interface Computers Ltd durante/hace 3 aos, esto es, desde 1970. El siempre tuvo el mismo trabajo, y nunca pens en cambiarlo. El se cas en 1975, esto es, el est casado hace 6 aos. El y su mujer Judith, se mudaron a su casa en Surrey hace cinco aos y ellos viven all desde entonces. Martn y Judith se encontraron mientras ellos estaban todava en el colegio: ellos se conocen desde que tenan quince aos. Ellos han tenido dos hijos desde que estn casados; el ms joven est todava en el colegio, pero el mayor hijo dej el colegio y est ahora en el instituto. Marco Polo was born in Vence in 1254. With his father and his uncle, who were businessmen, he travelled to China in 1275. They were the first Europeans to do this. Marco Polo stayed at the court of the Chinese emperor for many years, and went as an ambassador for the emperor to Tonkin, Annam, India and Persia. He went back to Venice in 1295, made rich by his travels. Polo wrote a book about his experiences, but not many people believed him at first. He died in 1324. Where was Marco Polo born? What did Marco Polo's father do? When was Marco Polo born? How many years did he stay at the court of the Chinese emperor.? When did he go back to Venice? What did he do with his travels? Where did he die? SOME AND ANY Use some in positive sentences:

I'm going to buy some eggs. There is some ice in the fridge. They made some mistakes. She said something. I saw somebody or someone. Use any in negative sentences:

I'm not going to buy any eggs. There isn't any ice in the fridge. They didn't make any mistakes. She didn't say anything. I didn't see anybody (or anyone) Any and some in questions. In most questions (but not all) we use any:

Is there any ice in the fridge? Did they make any mistakes? Are you doing anything this evening? I can't find Ann. Has anybody seen her? We normally use some (not any) when we offer things (Would you like some..? -A: Would you like some coffee? -B: Yes please. -A: Would you like something to eat? -B: No, thank you. I'm not hungry. And when we ask for things (Can I have some?) Can I have some soup, please? Yes, of course. Help yourself. Can you lend me some money? I'm sorry. I cannot. We've got some cheese but we haven't got any bread. I didn't take any photographs but Ann took some (some photographs) You can have some coffee, but I don0t want any (any coffee) I've just made some coffee. Would you like some? (some coffee) I haven0t got any money. Can you lend me some? (some money) Exercises. Put in some or any.

I'm going to buy eggs. They didn't make mistakes. I can pay. I've got money. There aren't shops in this part of the town. George and Alice haven't got children. Have you got . Brothers or sisters? There are beautiful flowers in the garden. Are there .. letters for me this morning? I haven't got .. satamps but Ann's got. Do you know good hotels in London? Would you like. Tea? Yes, please. Don't buy any rice. We don't need . We haven't got .bread, so I'm going out to buy

 When we wre on holiday, we visited . Very interesting places. I went out to buy milk but they didn't have .. in the shop. I'm thirsty. Can I have .. water, please?
Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words. Air batteries chairs cheese friends languages milk money photographs problems shampoo stamps.

I can't buy you a drink. I haven't got . I want to wash my hair. Is there .? I'm going to the post office to get . Can you speak . Foreign ? I haven't got my camera so I can't take . Sorry we are late. We had with the car. Everybody was standing because there weren't in the hall. It's hot in this office. I'm going out for fresh Why isn't the radio working? Are there .. in it? Can I have . In my coffee, please? Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant with.. of mine. Would you like ..? No, thank you. I've had enough to eat.
Put in somebody (or someone) /something/ anybody (or anyone)/anything She said but I didn't understand it. What's wrong?. There's in my eye. Do you know .. about politics? I went to the shop but I didn't buy .. has broken the window. I don't know who. There isn't in the box. It is empty. I'm looking for my keys. Has .. seen them? Would you like .. to drink? I didn't eat . Because I wasn't hungry. I can do this job alone. I don't need . To help me. Paola is an Italian student of English at a school in London. Read and listen to her letter to David, her penfriend. 72 Nexton Drive London SW6

3rd October Dear David, How are you? I'm fine. I'm in London, at the International School of English. I'm in class 3 with eight other students. They're all from different countries -Spain, France, Japan, Argentina, Switzerland, and Thailand. Our teacher's name name is Peter Briscall. He's very nice. He's funny and he's a very good teacher. My new address is at the top of the letter. I'm with an English family, the Browns. Mr. And Mrs. Brown have three children. Thomas is fourteen, Catherine is twelve, and Andrew is seven. They are all very friendly, but it isn't easy to understand them! London is very big and very interesting. The weather is good, cold but sunny, and the parks are beautiful. Hyde Park, Green Park and St. James's Park are all in the centre. It isn't easy to use the Underground, but I understand it now. It's very expensive. English food isn't very bad, but the coffee is horrible. Write to me soon. Love, Paola P.S.Is my English ok? Where are she from? How many people live in her house in London? What's the name of the English family? Does she enjoy her stay in London? What is her teacher looks like? AN INTERVIEW Bank manager: Good morning, Mr. Harris. Customer: Good morning BM. Please sit down. C. Thank you. BM. Now, one or two questions. C. Yes, of course. BM How old are you, Mr. Harris? C. thirty-two BM:And you are Canadian, aren't you? C:Yes, that's right. BM. Are you married or single? C. Yes, I'm married. BM. What is your wife's name? C. Monica.

BM. And your wife's age, Mr. Harris. C. Pardon? BM. How old is Mrs. Harris? C. Oh, she is thirty. BM. Thirty. I see. And is she Canadian, too? C. No, she's British. BM. British, yes. Have you got any children? C. Yes, three. Two boys and a girl. (phone rings) BM. Excuse me a moment. Hello, Anne, Yes? Yes? I am. No. Yes. No, I'm sorry. I don't know. No. yes, all right. Thank you. Goodbye. I'm sorry, Mr. Harris. Now, two girls and a boy, you said? C. No, two boys and a girl. BM. Oh, yes. I'm sorry. And what are their names? C. Alan, Jane and Max. BM. And their ages? C. twelve, ten and six. BM. I see. Now one more question, Mr. Harris. What is your job? What do you do? C. I'm a university teacher. BM. A university teacher. Right . Thank you. Now, you want $50.000 to buy a house. C. That's right. BM. And what sort of security. 1 Fijmonos que vara la 3 p. Sing. del auxiliar pero no la del conjugado, que es siempre igual. Poner las anteriores frases en interrogativa.