Unit Title
Lecture Number Lecture Title
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Operations Research
Objectives:
After studying this unit, you should be able to: List the significant features of OR Describe the methodology of OR Define the structure of a mathematical model in OR Describe the significance of the function of OR
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Lecture Outline
Introduction Scope of OR Features of OR Phases of OR Types of OR Models OR Methodology OR Techniques and Tools Structure of Mathematical Model Limitations of OR Summary Check Your Learning Activity
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Introduction
According to Churchman, Aackoff, and Aruoff operations research is defined as: the application of scientific methods, techniques and
various
fields,
such
as
industrial,
academic,
and
government
organisations. In this session you will learn about the scope, features, phases of
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Scope of OR
The scope of OR by analysing its application in various fields of everyday life are: Defence Operations Industry Planning Agriculture
Hospitals
Transport Research and development
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Features of OR
The key features of OR are: System-oriented
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Phases of OR
The three main phases of OR are:
Judgement
Research
Action
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Types of OR Models
The OR models are broadly classified into the following types:
Iconic Physical
Analog
Mathematical Models Models by nature of environment
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OR Methodology
The OR methodology consists of the following steps:
Definition
Construction
Solution
Validation
Implementation
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Goal Programming
Queuing Model
Transportation Model
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Limitations of OR
The limitations are more related to the problems of model building, time, and money factors.
Magnitude of computation
Intangible factors
Communication gap
Human factors
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Summary
Operations research objective is to provide a scientific basis to the decision-makers for solving problems involving interaction of with various components of the organisation. OR can be applicable in various fields of everyday life from defence to research and development. The three phases in OR are: judgment, research and action. The OR methodology consists of defining, construction, solution, validation and implementation.
Few techniques and tools are used in OR like linear Programming, inventory Control Methods, etc.
The structure of mathematical model consists of decision variables, objective function, constraints and diet problem. Magnitude of computation, Nonquantitative factors, communication gap, human factors, and time and money factors are some of the limitations of OR.
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analogue models.
2. List the steps involved in OR methodology. Ans: The following are the steps involved in OR methodology.
a. Defining
b. Construction c. Solution d. Validation
e. Implementation
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Activity Assume you are a working in a manufacturing organisation as an engineer. You are asked to use a model which can be easily represented using mathematical symbols. What kind of a model you would use?
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