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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Program Semester Subject Code Subject Name Unit number

: MBA : II : MB0048 : Operations Research :1

Unit Title
Lecture Number Lecture Title

: Introduction to Operations Research


:1 : Introduction to Operations Research

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Operations Research

Objectives:
After studying this unit, you should be able to: List the significant features of OR Describe the methodology of OR Define the structure of a mathematical model in OR Describe the significance of the function of OR

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Lecture Outline
Introduction Scope of OR Features of OR Phases of OR Types of OR Models OR Methodology OR Techniques and Tools Structure of Mathematical Model Limitations of OR Summary Check Your Learning Activity

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Introduction
According to Churchman, Aackoff, and Aruoff operations research is defined as: the application of scientific methods, techniques and

tools to operation of a system with optimum solutions to the


problems, where 'optimum' refers to the best possible alternative. It helps in the decision-making process in complicated situations in

various

fields,

such

as

industrial,

academic,

and

government

organisations. In this session you will learn about the scope, features, phases of

operations research and types of OR models.

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Scope of OR
The scope of OR by analysing its application in various fields of everyday life are: Defence Operations Industry Planning Agriculture

Hospitals
Transport Research and development
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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Features of OR
The key features of OR are: System-oriented

Interdisciplinary team approach

Uses scientific methods to solve problems

Offers quantitative solution

Takes into account human factors


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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Phases of OR
The three main phases of OR are:

Judgement

Research

Action

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Types of OR Models
The OR models are broadly classified into the following types:
Iconic Physical

Analog
Mathematical Models Models by nature of environment

Deterministic Probabilistic General


Specific
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Models by extent of generality

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

OR Methodology
The OR methodology consists of the following steps:

Definition

Construction

Solution

Validation

Implementation

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

OR Techniques and Tools


The techniques and tools used in OR are: Linear Programming

Inventory Control Methods

Goal Programming

Queuing Model

Transportation Model

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Structure of Mathematical Model


A business activity to be formulated as a mathematical model can be discussed through its parts. They are: Decision Variables

Objective Function Parts Constraints

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Limitations of OR
The limitations are more related to the problems of model building, time, and money factors.

Magnitude of computation

Intangible factors

Communication gap

Time and money factors

Human factors

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Summary
Operations research objective is to provide a scientific basis to the decision-makers for solving problems involving interaction of with various components of the organisation. OR can be applicable in various fields of everyday life from defence to research and development. The three phases in OR are: judgment, research and action. The OR methodology consists of defining, construction, solution, validation and implementation.

Few techniques and tools are used in OR like linear Programming, inventory Control Methods, etc.
The structure of mathematical model consists of decision variables, objective function, constraints and diet problem. Magnitude of computation, Nonquantitative factors, communication gap, human factors, and time and money factors are some of the limitations of OR.

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Check Your Learning


1. Name the two types of physical models. Ans: The two types of physical models are iconic models and

analogue models.
2. List the steps involved in OR methodology. Ans: The following are the steps involved in OR methodology.

a. Defining
b. Construction c. Solution d. Validation

e. Implementation

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MB0048-Operations Research Unit-1 Introduction to Operations Research

Activity Assume you are a working in a manufacturing organisation as an engineer. You are asked to use a model which can be easily represented using mathematical symbols. What kind of a model you would use?

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