Dynamics Response Spectrum Analysis - Shear Plane Frame

Dynamic Response Spectrum Modal Analysis Shear Plane Frame Page 1 of 35
Edited by: Eng. Hussein Rida

E-mail: hussein.rida@ymail.com
Five-Story Shear Plane Frame
Dynamic Response Spectrum Modal Analysis

Problem:
Shear plane frame consists of five typical stories of 3m height and 4m bay as shown on below
figure with following characteristics:
1. The mathematical model consists of squares columns (
2
60 60 cm ) with infinitely rigid
beams ( =
beam
I ).
2. The entire mass of each story is assumed to be lumped at its level with total value of mass
( m kN m / sec . 100
2
= ).
3. The material of columns and beams has modulus of elasticity equal to
(
2 6
/ 10 . 2 m kN E = ).
4. Assumed damping ratio ( 05 . 0 = , ).
5. The frame is subjected to ground spectral response acceleration as defined in UBC-97,
figure16-3 with following parameters:
Seismic zone factor ( 3 . 0 = Z )
Soil profile type (
B
S )

For the given frame determine the following:
(a). Natural vibration frequencies and corresponding vibration
mode shapes.
(b). Periods corresponding to vibration mode shapes.
(c). Response spectrum accelerations corresponding to periods.
(d). Maximum modal displacement corresponding to
vibration mode shapes.
(e). Maximum story-displacement according to
modal combination (SRSS).
(f). Maximum modal elastic forces (inertia-forces) at story-levels.
(g). Maximum modal story-shear forces.
(h). Maximum total story-shear forces according to
modal combination (SRSS).
(i). Modal participation factors.
(j). Modal participating mass ratios.

Notes:
The dynamic modal analysis will be carried out in two different ways:
1. Utilizing MATLAB to perform mathematical matrix analysis based on theory of structural
dynamics.
2. Utilizing ETABS to perform finite element analysis along with modal analysis.


Introduction:
A shear frame may be defined as a structure in which there is no rotation of a horizontal
section at the level of the floor. In this respect the deflected frame will have many of the
features of a cantilever beam that is deflected by shear forces, Hence the name Shear Frame.
To accomplish such deflection in frame, we must assume that: (1) the total mass of the
structure is concentrated at the levels of the floors; (2) the beams on the floor are infinitely
rigid as compared to the columns; and (3) the deformation of the structure is independent of
the axial forces present in the columns. These assumptions transform the problem from a
structure with an infinite number of degree of freedom (due to the distributed mass) to a
structure which has only as many degrees as it has lumped masses at the floor levels.
According to previous discussion a five stories frame modeled as a shear frame will have five
degrees of freedom, that is, the five horizontal displacements at the floor levels. The second
assumption introduces the requirement that the joints between beams and columns are fixed
against rotation. The third assumption leads to the condition that the rigid beams will remain
horizontal during motion.

Determination of Lumped mass matrix:
For shear frame structure; the mass matrix is a diagonal one with nonzero elements located at
its diagonal whereas each one of these elements represents the total equivalent entire mass of
the story as a concentrated lumped mass at the level of this story with understanding that only
horizontal displacement of this mass is possible.

Therefore the lumped mass matrix is given by:
m kN
m
m
m
m
m
M / sec .
100 0 0 0 0
0 100 0 0 0
0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 0 100
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2
5
4
3
2
1
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
=

Determination of stiffness matrix:
The stiffness matrix of shear frame can be determined by applying a unit displacement to each
story alternately and evaluation the resulting story forces. Because the beams are infinitely
rigid comparison to columns; then the story forces can easily be determined by adding the
side-sway stiffness of the appropriate stories which equal in this case to the total sum of
columns stiffness of those stories.

For shear frame as defined previously the stiffness of column with two ends fixed against
rotation is given by:
3
12
h
EI
K
c
c
=
Where ( h ) is the story height, and (
c
I ) is the moment of inertia of column's section given by:
4
3 3
0108 . 0
12
6 . 0 6 . 0
60 . 0
12
m I m a where
a a
I
c c
=
= =
=
The stiffness of the story is given by:
m kN
h
EI
K K K
c
c c i
/ 19200
3
0108 . 0 10 2 24 24
. 2
3
6
3
=

= = = =



The stiffness matrix of the structure is given by:

m kN
K K K
K K K K
K K K K
K K K K
K K
K /
2 1 0 0 0
1 2 1 0 0
0 1 2 1 0
0 0 1 2 1
0 0 0 1 1
19200
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
5 4 4
4 4 3 3
3 3 2 2
2 2 1 1
1 1
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
+
+
+
+

=

Where
i
K K and K K K K =
5 4 3 2 1
, , , are the entire stiffness of each story respectively.

- Natural vibration frequencies and corresponding vibration mode shapes:
Based on the dynamics of structures theory, the natural vibration frequencies and
corresponding mode shapes can be determined by solving the equation:
0 ] [
2
= u M K e
This equation is called an eigenvalue problem. The quantities
2
e are the eigenvalues
indicating the square of free vibration frequencies, while the corresponding displacement
vectors urepresent the corresponding mode of vibrating system known as the eigenvectors
or mode shapes.
Hence a nontrivial solution is possible 0 = u only when the determinant M K
2
e equal
to zero per Cramer's rule. Expanding the determinant will give an algebraic equation of the
N
th
degree in the frequency parameter
2
e for a system having N degrees of freedom. The
N roots of this equation ) , . . . , , , (
2 2
3
2
2
2
1 N
e e e e represent the frequencies of the N modes of
vibration which are possible in the system. The mode having the lowest frequency is called
the first or fundamental mode shape, the next bigger frequency is called the second mode
shape, and so on.


Above Eigen value problem can be expressed as follow:
) ) ( ( ] , [ K M inv eig = O u
Where O is the vector of square of frequencies, and u is the matrix of mode shapes.

To solve this problem, type the following code in MATLAB text editor.

MATLAB CODE:
>> [ModeShapes,Omega]=eig(inv(M)*K)

The output results:

Square of Frequencies matrix
(
(
(
(
(
(
= O
707.0414 0 0 0 0
0 543.5194 0 0 0
0 0 3511 . 329 0 0
0 0 0 5335 . 132 0
0 0 0 0 5547 . 15

To get Frequencies Matrix, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> Freq = zeros(5)
>> for i=1:5
Freq(i,i)= omega(i,i)^0.5
end

The output result:
sec /
26.5902 0 0 0 0
0 23.3135 0 0 0
0 0 18.1480 0 0
0 0 0 11.5123 0
0 0 0 0 3.9439
rad
(
(
(
(
(
(
= e

Mode shapes matrix:

(
(
(
(
(
(
= u
0.0326 0.0549 0.0597 0.0456 - 0.0170
0.0549 - 0.0456 - 0.0170 0.0597 - 0.0326
0.0597 0.0170 - 0.0549 - 0.0326 - 0.0456
0.0456 - 0.0597 0.0326 - 0.0170 0.0549
0.0170 0.0326 - 0.0456 0.0549 0.0597



Mode shapes vectors:

(
(
(
(
(
(
= u
0.0170
0.0326
0.0456
0.0549
0.0597
1
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
= u
0.0456 -
0.0597 -
0.0326 -
0.0170
0.0549
2
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
= u
0.0597
0.0170
0.0549 -
0.0326 -
0.0456
3
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
= u
0.0549
0.0456 -
0.0170 -
0.0597
0.0326 -
4
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
= u
0.0326
0.0549 -
0.0597
0.0456 -
0.0170
5

mode shape-1 mode shape-2 mode shape-3 mode shape-4 mode shape-5

sec /
9439 . 3
1
rad
= e

sec /
5123 . 11
2
rad
= e

sec /
1480 . 18
3
rad
= e

sec /
3135 . 23
4
rad
= e

sec /
5902 . 26
5
rad
= e

The five mode shapes for this frame are sketched below:

sec /
9439 . 3
1
rad
= e

sec /
5123 . 11
2
rad
= e

sec /
1480 . 18
3
rad
= e

sec /
3135 . 23
4
rad
= e

sec /
5902 . 26
5
rad
= e

Determination of Period Matrix:
The period (T) of motion is given as a function of frequency as follow: (sec)
2
e
t
= T
This means that each mode shape of vibration has its relative period
To get the period matrix of the structure; type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> Period = zeros(5)
>> for i=1:5
Period(i,i) = 2 * pi /freq(i,i)
end



The period matrix:
sec
0.2363 0 0 0 0
0 0.2695 0 0 0
0 0 0.3462 0 0
0 0 0 0.5458 0
0 0 0 0 1.5931
(
(
(
(
(
(
= T

Where the period of 1
st
,
2
nd
, 3
rd
, 4
th
and 5
th
mode shapes are given respectively: (1.5931,
0.5458, 0.3462, 0.2695, 0.2363 sec).
Note that the period of the first mode shape is the biggest one (T=1.5931 sec) which is called
the fundamental period. The next bigger one is come with second mode shape, and so on.

Determination of response spectrum Acceleration Matrix:
Mass acceleration is determined based on response spectrum function.
The response spectrum is a plot of maximum accelerations for different period values, in
other word; for a system has specific period based on its mass and stiffness, the response
spectrum function gives the maximum acceleration can occur in this mass. This means; if the
period of a specific mass is known, so the mass-acceleration can be determined based on
response spectrum function.

The response spectrum function depends on site characteristics, therefore the design codes
give the response spectrum as a function of zone and soil profile, where the zone reflects the
acceleration occur in the mother bed rock, and the soil profile reflect the effect of the soil
under structure in decreasing or increasing the amplitude of the motion. So it is very
important to know that for a structure has specified period (T), so it will vibrate in different
accelerations due to the site where the structure founded on.

The determination of the design response spectra as per UBC97 requires two design
parameters:
)
`
=
=
)
`
=
3 . 0
3 . 0
) (
) 3 ( 3 . 0 :
V
a
B
C
C
S profile Soil
Zone for Z Factor Zone Seismic



This plot has two characteristics periods

sec 08 . 0 2 . 0
sec 4 . 0
3 . 0 5 . 2
3 . 0
5 . 2
= =
=
= =
s o
a
V
s
T T
C
C
T

If the period of vibration mode is greater than
s
T , then the relative acceleration is given by:
2
sec /
943 . 2
81 . 9
3 . 0 3 . 0
m
T T
g
T
g
T
C
S
V
a
= = = =
Else, if the period is lesser than
s
T and greater than
o
T , then the relative acceleration is given
by:
2
sec / 3575 . 7 81 . 9 3 . 0 5 . 2 . 5 . 2 m g C S
a a
= = =

Following MATALB code gives the acceleration matrix according to the period of vibration
mode shapes:

MATLAB CODE:
>> Sa = zeros(5)
>> for i=1:5
if Period(i,i) > 0.4
Sa(i,i) = 0.3 * 9.81 / Period(i,i)
else
Sa(i,i) = 0.75 * 9.81
end;
end


The acceleration matrix:

2
sec /
7.3575 0 0 0 0
0 7.3575 0 0 0
0 0 7.3575 0 0
0 0 0 5.3923 0
0 0 0 0 1.8473
m S
a
(
(
(
(
(
(
=

Note: if the structure has a period lesser than or equal to characteristic periods
s
T , then the
entire mass of this structure will be excited according to the maximum probable acceleration.
This will lead to create a maximum inertia force in mass. Therefore it is very important to
scale the ratio of the structure's stiffness to its mass to get a value of period more than
s
T as
much as possible, but at the same time special attention shall be paid to avoid getting a
flexible structure

Determination of maximum modal displacement:
The maximum modal displacement matrix is given by:
O
u =
a
S
m
L
U
*

where: (L) is the matrix of modal excitation factor given by: { } 1 M L
T
u =
(
*
m ) is the generalized modal mass matrix given by: u u = M m
T *

To get the matrix of modal excitation factor; type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> LL = ModeShapes' * M * [1;1;1;1;1]
>> for i=1:5
L(i,i) = LL(i,1)
end

The output result:

(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.8853 0 0 0 0
0 1.9377 0 0 0
0 0 3.4796 0 0
0 0 0 6.6022 - 0
0 0 0 0 20.9706
L


To get the generalized modal mass matrix, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> ModalMass = ModeShapes' * M * ModeShapes

The output result:
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1
*
m

To get the maximum modal displacement, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> U_Modal = ModeShapes * (L/ModalMass) * (Sa/Omega)

The output result:
m U
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.0003 0.0014 0.0046 0.0122 0.0423
0.0005 - 0.0012 - 0.0013 0.0160 0.0812
0.0005 0.0004 - 0.0043 - 0.0088 0.1135
0.0004 - 0.0016 0.0025 - 0.0046 - 0.1366
0.0002 0.0009 - 0.0035 0.0147 - 0.1487

Where the relative displacement vectors due to each mode shape are:

(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.0423
0.0812
0.1135
0.1366
0.1487
1
U ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.0122
0.0160
0.0088
0.0046 -
0.0147 -
2
U ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.0046
0.0013
0.0043 -
0.0025 -
0.0035
3
U ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.0014
0.0012 -
0.0004 -
0.0016
0.0009 -
4
U ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.0003
0.0005 -
0.0005
0.0004 -
0.0002
5
U

Note that
i
U is the vector of maximum displacements at story-levels due to relative mode
shape
i
u .
(It is obviously shown that the maximum lateral displacement at top 5
th
story due to 1
st
, 2
nd
,
3
rd
, 4
th
and 5
th
mode shapes are given respectively :0.1487, -0.0147, 0.0035, -0.0009, 0.0002
m )


Determination of maximum story-displacement:

Maximum total response cannot be obtained, in general, by merely adding the modal maxima
because these maxima usually do not occur at the same time. In most cases, when one mode
achieves its maximum response, the other modal responses are less than their individual
maxima. Therefore, although the superposition of the modal spectral values obviously
provides an upper limit to the total response, it generally over estimates this maximum by a
significant amount. A number of different formulas have been proposed to obtain a more
reasonable estimate of the maximum response from the spectral values. The simplest and
most popular of these is the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS) of the maximum
modal responses. Thus if the maximum modal displacements are given as previous, the SRSS
approximation of the maximum total displacements is given by:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
1
2
max
U U U U U U U
n
i
i
+ + + + = =

=

Where the terms under the radical sign represent the vectors of the maximum modal
displacements squared.

It is very important to know that the SRSS method is fundamentally sound when the modal
frequencies are well separated. However, when the frequencies of major contributing modes
are very close to each other, then SRSS method may give poor results, in which case the more
general complete quadratic combination (CQC) method should be used.

To get the maximum total displacement matrix, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> for i=1:5
s = 0
for j=1:5
s = s + U_Modal(i,j)^2
end
U_Max(i,1) = s^0.5
end

The output result:
m U
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.0443
0.0828
0.1139
0.1367
0.1494
max


Determination of maximum modal elastic-forces:

The maximum modal elastic forces occur at the story-levels is given by:
a s
S
m
L
M f
*
u =
To get the matrix of modal elastic forces, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> fs = M * ModeShapes * L /ModalMass * Sa

The output result:
kN f
s
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
21.2359 78.2015 152.8106 162.2452 65.8146
35.7296 - 64.9722 - 43.4944 212.4961 126.2973
38.8794 24.2207 - 140.4308 - 116.0654 176.5481
29.6853 - 85.0955 83.4652 - 60.4827 - 212.4961
11.0662 46.4792 - 116.6741 195.2809 - 231.2289

The relative elastic force vectors due to each mode shape are:

(
(
(
(
(
(
=
65.8146
126.2973
176.5481
212.4961
231.2289
1 s
f ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
162.2452
212.4961
116.0654
60.4827 -
195.2809 -
2 s
f ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
152.8106
43.4944
140.4308 -
83.4652 -
116.6741
3 s
f ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
78.2015
64.9722 -
24.2207 -
85.0955
46.4792 -
4 s
f ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
21.2359
35.7296 -
38.8794
29.6853 -
11.0662
5 s
f

Where
si
f is the vector of maximum elastic forces at story-levels due to relative mode
shape
i
u .
(It is obviously shown that the maximum elastic force at top 5
th
story due to 1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
, 4
th

and 5
th
mode shapes are given respectively :231.2289, -195.2809, 116.6741, -46.4792,
11.0662 kN)

Determination of maximum modal story shear force:

Shear force acting on certain story level is determined by assemble the elastic-forces acting
above the level of this story. Therefore the story-shear force is given by: ( )
+ =
=
n
j i
i s j
f V
1

To assemble the elastic-forces at each story level, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> for i=1:5
for j=1:5
s = 0
for a=1:j
s=s+fs(a,i)
end
V_Modal(j,i)=s
end
end

The output result:
kN V
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
5.7667 27.6249 89.0831 235.0431 812.3849
15.4692 - 50.5766 - 63.7274 - 72.7979 746.5703
20.2604 14.3956 107.2219 - 139.6982 - 620.2730
18.6190 - 38.6163 33.2089 255.7636 - 443.7249
11.0662 46.4792 - 116.6741 195.2809 - 231.2289

The relative shear force vectors due to each mode shape are:

(
(
(
(
(
(
=
812.3849
746.5703
620.2730
443.7249
231.2289
1
V ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
235.0431
72.7979
139.6982 -
255.7636 -
195.2809 -
2
V ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
89.0831
63.7274 -
107.2219 -
33.2089
116.6741
3
V ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
27.6249
50.5766 -
14.3956
38.6163
46.4792 -
4
V ,
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
5.7667
15.4692 -
20.2604
18.6190 -
11.0662
5
V

Where
i
V is the vector of shear forces at story-levels due to relative mode shape
i
u .
(it is obviously shown that the shear force at 1
st
story due to 1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
, 4
th
and 5
th
mode
shapes are given respectively: 812.3849, 235.0431, 89.0831, 27.6249, 5.7667 kN)

Determination of maximum total story shear force:

Similar to previous (Determination of maximum story-level displacement), the maximum
total story shear forces could be approximated from the modal maxima by using SRSS
combination method as following:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
1
2
max
V V V V V V V
n
i
i
+ + + + = =

=

To get the maximum total story shear-forces matrix, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> for i=1:5
s = 0
for j=1:5
s = s+V_Modal(i,j)^2
end
V_Max(i,1)=s^0.5
end

The output result:
kN V
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
850.8506
754.6690
645.2662
515.0219
327.8674
max


Determination of modal participation factors:

The modal participation factor represents the interaction between the mode shape and the
spatial distribution of the external load.
This factor is given by:
*
m
L
MPF =

To get the matrix of modal participation factor, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> MPF = L / ModalMass

The output result:
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.8853 0 0 0 0
0 1.9377 0 0 0
0 0 3.4796 0 0
0 0 0 6.6022 - 0
0 0 0 0 20.9706
MPF

Determination of modal participating mass ratio:

The modal participating mass ratio represent the part of the total mass which responding to
earthquake motion in each mode, therefore this ratio is very important to determine the
adequate number of mode shapes which give a reasonable part of vibration mass which will
respond to the motion.

The UBC-97 Code declares that adequate numbers of mode shapes are needed to insure that
90% of mass at least will respond due to earthquake motion.

The modal participating mass ratio given by:
( )
%
* 2
=
i
m
m L
MPMR
To get the modal participating mass ratio matrix, type the following code:

MATLAB CODE:
>> Segma_M = 0
>> for i=1:5
Segma_M = Segma_M + M(i,i)
end
>> MPMR = ((L*L/ModalMass)/Segma_M)*100


The output result:
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0.1568 0 0 0 0
0 0.7509 0 0 0
0 0 2.4216 0 0
0 0 0 8.7177 0
0 0 0 0 87.9530
MPMR

Note that the portion of entire structure mass which will respond to the motion for 1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
,
4
th
and 5
th
are given respectively: 87.95%, 8.72%, 2.42%, 0.75% and 0.16%).

According to MPMR, it is obviously shown that the first mode shape is the most important
one, since 87.95% of entire mass will respond to ground motion, when only 8.72% of mass
will respond in the second mode shape, and so on.
Note that only the first-two mode shapes are adequate to insure that more than 90% of the
entire mass will vibrate responding to ground motion.


MATLAB CODE

>> % Define Lumped Mass Matrix
>> M = [100 0 0 0 0;
0 100 0 0 0;
0 0 100 0 0;
0 0 0 100 0;
0 0 0 0 100]
M =

100 0 0 0 0
0 100 0 0 0
0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 0 100

>> % Define Stiffness Matrix
>> K = 19200.*[1 -1 0 0 0;
-1 2 -1 0 0;
0 -1 2 -1 0;
0 0 -1 2 -1;
0 0 0 -1 2]

K =

19200 -19200 0 0 0
-19200 38400 -19200 0 0
0 -19200 38400 -19200 0
0 0 -19200 38400 -19200
0 0 0 -19200 38400

>> % ModeShapes & Squared Frequencies
>> [ModeShapes,Omega]=eig(inv(M)*K)

Omega =

15.5547 0 0 0 0
0 132.5335 0 0 0
0 0 329.3511 0 0
0 0 0 543.5194 0
0 0 0 0 707.0414

ModeShapes =

0.0597 0.0549 0.0456 -0.0326 0.0170
0.0549 0.0170 -0.0326 0.0597 -0.0456
0.0456 -0.0326 -0.0549 -0.0170 0.0597
0.0326 -0.0597 0.0170 -0.0456 -0.0549
0.0170 -0.0456 0.0597 0.0549 0.0326


MATLAB CODE

>> Freq = zeros(5)
>> for i=1:5
Freq(i,i)= omega(i,i)^0.5
end

Freq =

3.9439 0 0 0 0
0 11.5123 0 0 0
0 0 18.1480 0 0
0 0 0 23.3135 0
0 0 0 0 26.5902

>> %Period Matrix
>> Period = zeros(5)
>> for i=1:5
Period(i,i) = 2 * pi /freq(i,i)
end

Period =

1.5931 0 0 0 0
0 0.5458 0 0 0
0 0 0.3462 0 0
0 0 0 0.2695 0
0 0 0 0 0.2363

>> %Acceleration Matrix
>> Sa = zeros(5)
>> for i=1:5
if Period(i,i) > 0.4
Sa(i,i) = 0.3 * 9.81 / Period(i,i)
else
Sa(i,i) = 0.75 * 9.81
end;
end

Sa =

1.8473 0 0 0 0
0 5.3923 0 0 0
0 0 7.3575 0 0
0 0 0 7.3575 0
0 0 0 0 7.3575


MATLAB CODE

>> %Modal Excitation Matrix
>> LL = ModeShapes' * M * [1;1;1;1;1]
>> for i=1:5
L(i,i) = LL(i,1)
end

L =

20.9706 0 0 0 0
0 -6.6022 0 0 0
0 0 3.4796 0 0
0 0 0 1.9377 0
0 0 0 0 0.8853

>> % Modal Mass Matrix
>> ModalMass = ModeShapes' * M * ModeShapes

ModalMass =

1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000

>> %Modal Displacement
>> U_Modal = ModeShapes * (L/ModalMass) * (Sa/Omega)

U_Modal =

0.1487 -0.0147 0.0035 -0.0009 0.0002
0.1366 -0.0046 -0.0025 0.0016 -0.0004
0.1135 0.0088 -0.0043 -0.0004 0.0005
0.0812 0.0160 0.0013 -0.0012 -0.0005
0.0423 0.0122 0.0046 0.0014 0.0003


MATLAB CODE

>> %Maximum Story Displacement due to SRSS Combination
>> for i=1:5
s = 0
for j=1:5
s = s + U_Modal(i,j)^2
end
U_Max(i,1) = s^0.5
end

U_Max =

0.1494
0.1367
0.1139
0.0828
0.0443

>> %Maximum Modal Elastic Forces Matrix
>> fs = M * ModeShapes * L /ModalMass * Sa

fs =

231.2289 -195.2809 116.6741 -46.4792 11.0662
212.4961 -60.4827 -83.4652 85.0955 -29.6853
176.5481 116.0654 -140.4308 -24.2207 38.8794
126.2973 212.4961 43.4944 -64.9722 -35.7296
65.8146 162.2452 152.8106 78.2015 21.2359

>> %Maximum Modal Story-Shear Matrix
>> for i=1:5
for j=1:5
s = 0
for a=1:j
s=s+fs(a,i)
end
V_Modal(j,i)=s
end
end

V_Modal =

231.2289 -195.2809 116.6741 -46.4792 11.0662
443.7249 -255.7636 33.2089 38.6163 -18.6190
620.2730 -139.6982 -107.2219 14.3956 20.2604
746.5703 72.7979 -63.7274 -50.5766 -15.4692
812.3849 235.0431 89.0831 27.6249 5.7667


MATLAB CODE

>> %Maximum Total Story Shear Forces due to SRSS Combination
>> for i=1:5
s = 0
for j=1:5
s = s+V_Modal(i,j)^2
end
V_Max(i,1)=s^0.5
end

V_Max =

327.8674
515.0219
645.2662
754.6690
850.8506

>> %Modal Participation Factor
>> MPF = L / ModalMass

MPF =

20.9706 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -6.6022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 3.4796 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.9377 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.8853

>> %Modal Participating Mass Ratio
>> Segma_M = 0
>> for i=1:5
Segma_M = Segma_M + M(i,i)
end
>> MPMR = ((L*L/ModalMass)/Segma_M)*100

MPMR =

87.9530 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 8.7177 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 2.4216 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7509 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1568


ETABS MODEL

Build of Mathematical Computer Model:

- The frame is modeled as five-story consist from two-column line, singly bay system with
story-height 3m & length of bay 4m. kN-m-second units are used.


ETABS MODEL

- Define material properties: (Modulus of elasticity, Self-Mass of Material)
Assume that the self-weight of the frame elements is neglected



ETABS MODEL

- Define Column's Properties:

The column is modeled to have infinite axial area, so that axial deformation is neglected.
Also, Zero column shear area is input to trigger the ETABS option of neglecting shear
deformation. These deformations are neglected to be consistent with the hand-calculated
model with which the result are compared.



ETABS MODEL

- Define Beam's Properties:

The beam is modeled as a rigid beam to have infinite moment of inertia compared to column,
so that axial deformation is neglected. Also, neglecting both shear deformations and axial
deformations.


ETABS MODEL

- Build the model to be as following:


ETABS MODEL

- Draw Point Object at the mid-span of beams in order to assign lumped mass at the story-
level.


ETABS MODEL

- Assign Lumped Mass at story-level.


ETABS MODEL

- Define Mass Source:

- Assign Diaphragm at Story-Level:


ETABS MODEL

- Define Response Spectrum Function (UBC97 Design Spectrum):


ETABS MODEL

- Define & Assign Response Spectrum Case Data:


ETABS MODEL

- Define Analysis options:

- Perform analysis.


ETABS MODEL

- Building Mode-Shapes:


ETABS MODEL
- Mode-Shapes:


ETABS MODEL

- Periods and Accelerations:

- Maximum Story-Displacement according to SRSS combination:

- Maximum Story-Shear Force according to SRSS combination:


ETABS MODEL

- Modal Participation Factor:

- Modal Participating Mass Ratio:

Conclusion:
It is obviously shown that the output results of ETABS are almost identical to those obtained by
MATLAB developed algorithm based on theory of structural dynamics.



References:

Clough, R., and J. Penzien. 1993. Dynamics of Structures, Second Edition. McGraw- Hill.

Paz, M. 1985. Structural Dynamics, theory and computation. Van Nostrand Reinhold.

International Conference of Building Official 1997, Uniform Building Code. Whittier, California.

CSI Analysis Reference Manual. CSI Computers & Structures, Berkeley, California.

ETABS Software Verification Examples, CSI Computers & Structures, Berkeley, California.

Dynamics Response Spectrum Analysis - Shear Plane Frame

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Edited by: Eng. Hussein Rida

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