Three Phase Rectifier

Some basic observation

1) KVL shows only 1 diode in top half bridge will

conduct at a time (D1, D3, D5) with anode
connected to phase
2) KVL shows only 1 diode in bottom half bridge
will conduct at a time (D2, D4, D6) with
cathode connected to phase
3) As a consequence D1 and D4 can not conduct
at a time nor D3 and D6 or D5 and D2
4) Output voltage across the load is the one of
the line-to-line voltage of the source, e.g. at
D1 and D2 on, the output voltage is Vac,
which is highest L- L voltage.
5) Six combination of line to line voltage (3-phase
taken 2 at a time). Highest line to line voltage
take place at 360/6=60 degree apart.
6) The fundamental frequency of the output
voltage is 6ω.
Three Phase Waveforms
Diode Rectifier

vpn: The Voltage at point P with respect to ac voltage neutral point n.

vnn: The voltage at the negative dc terminal n.
Since Id flows continuously, at any time, vpn and vnn can be obtained in terms of
one of the ac input voltage van, vbn and vcn.

Applying Kirchhoff voltage law, the dc side voltage is,

v d = v pn − v nn

The waveform vd consist six segment per cycle of line frequency. Each segment
belongs to one of the six line to line voltage combination.
Each diode conduct for 1200 i.e. 2 Π/3.

Considering phase a current is, ia = I d when diode 1 is conduction

= - Ιd when diode 4 is conducting
= 0 when neither diode 1 or 4 is conducting
Diode Rectifier
The current in a conducting diode is the same as the load current. To determine the current in
each phase of the source, the Kirchhoff’s current law is applied at node a, b, and c,
ia = iD 1 - iD 4

ib = iD 3 − iD 6

ic = iD 5 − iD 2

Each diode conducts one-third

of the time, resulting in

Apparent power from the

three-phase source is

The periodic output voltage is define as v0(ωt) = Vm, L-L sin(ωt) for Π/3 ≤ ωt ≤2Π/3 with period
Π/3. The Fourier series for the out put voltage is expressed as,
1
I s1 = 6 I 0,rms = 0.78I 0,rms
π
I s1
I sh =
h
h = 5, 7, 11, 13,...
Three Phase Rectifier Average Voltage

Where Vm, L-L is the peak line to line voltage

of three phase source, which is √2 VL-L,rms
The amplitude of ac voltage terms are

The Fourier series of the currents in phase

a of the ac line is,

1
I s1 = 6 I d = 0 . 78 I d
π

I
I sh = s1
h
h = 5, 7, 11, 13,...
Three Phase Waveforms
Three Phase Waveforms
Three Phase Controlled Rectifier
Three Phase Controlled Rectifier Average Voltage
12 Pulse Rectifier
12 Pulse Rectifier
12 Pulse Rectifier
12 Pulse Rectifier
Problems three phase controlled rectifier
Commutation: Single Phase Bridge Rectifier
Commutation: Single Phase Bridge Rectifier
Commutation: Single Phase Bridge Rectifier
Commutation: Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
Commutation: Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
Commutation: Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
 Commutation: Single Phase Controlled Bridge Rectifier
Generally ac side inductance can not ignore in the practical converter. So for control switch
delay angle alpha, the current commutation takes a finite commutation interval u. During the
commutation interval, all switch are in conduct. So vd = 0 and vLs = vs.
 Commutation: Single Phase Controlled Bridge Rectifier

Generally ac side inductance can not ignore in the practical converter. So for control switch
delay angle alpha, the current commutation takes a finite commutation interval u. During the
Commutation interval, all switch are in conduct. So vd = 0 and vLs = vs.
Commutation: Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
 Commutation: Controlled Bridge Rectifier
Generally ac side inductance can not ignore in the practical converter. So for control switch
delay angle alpha, the current commutation takes a finite commutation interval u. At ωt =
alpha, current begins to switch 5 to 1. During the Commutation interval, switch 5 and 1
conducting Simultaneously, the phase voltage van and vcn are shorted together through Ls.
During commutation interval,

Where,

The reduction volt-radian area Au due to commutation interval,

The average output voltage is reduced by Au,/(Π/3)

 Commutation: Controlled Bridge Rectifier

During the current commutation, phase a and c are short together i.e. the phase voltage van
and vcn are shorted together through Ls. Therefore, during commutation,

Since Id (ia+ic) is
also
assumed constant
during commutation
interval
Therefore,

Even through, commutation interval u is not required for to calculate

Vd, it is required to ensure reliable operation in the inverter mode,
Where
=

Integrating between
recognizing that during this interval ia changes from zero to Id,
results in,