CHEMISTRY 16 SAMPLEX

GASES AND THE KINETIC-MOLECULAR THEORY

I. Multiple Choice. Encircle the correct answer. (2 pts. each) 1. According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, the kinetic energy of an ideal gas depends only on which variable? a. volume of the gas b. temperature c. molar mass of the gas d. pressure 2. Which of the following gases will travel the slowest in an effusion set-up? a. He b. Ne c. O2 d. CO 3. Which of the following ideal gas has the smallest density at STP? a. He b. Ne c. O2 d. CO 4. What is the final volume of an ideal gas when its temperature in Kelvin is tripled and the pressure in mmHg is halved? a. 6Vinitial b. 0.67Vinitial c. 1.5Vinitial d. 0.17Vinitial 5. Which can form the most number of H-bonds per molecule? a. methane b. ammonia c. water d. hydrogen fluoride 6. Which will have the highest viscosity? a. glycerol b. liquid NaCl c. toluene d. water 7. Which will have the lowest melting point a. ethane b. propane c. butane d. pentane 8. According to the band theory of metals, which is true about insulators? a. They do not have bands. b. They have a large band gap. c. They have overlapping bands. d. They have a small band gap. 9. Which of the following conducts electricity in the solid state? a. lithium b. sodium chloride c. aluminum oxide d. glucose 10. Arrange the following compounds in increasing volatility. A. CH4 B. CBr4 C. CH2Cl2 D. CH3Cl E. CHBr3 F. CH2Br2 a. A D C F E B b. B E F C D A c. A B C D E F d. F E D C B A 11. Which molecule will have the highest viscosity in the liquid phase? a. H3C
CH3
H3C CH3

c.

d. CH3 b. For numbers 12 to 14, consider the following phase diagram of substance X.

CH3

12. What is the phase of substance X at room conditions? a. solid b. vapor c. liquid d. supercritical fluid 13. What is the normal boiling point? a. 62 oC b. 143 oC c. 178 oC d. Above 178 oC 14. Which energy is involved if the temperature of substance X is changed from 40 oC to 80 oC. a. heat of vaporization b. heat of sublimation c. heat of fusion d. heat of combustion

15. Which compound from a to e has the weakest forces between molecules? 16. Which compound from a to e has a normal boiling point at 80 oC? 17. At what temperature will b boil if the atmospheric pressure is 400 mmHg? 18. At 25 oC and 400 mmHg, what is the physical state of a? II. Problem Solving. Solve the following problems. Box your final answer. 1. If 0.333 g of ethyl alcohol is heated at a rate of 15.0 J/min, how long will it take to increase its temperature from 25.0 oC to 300 oC at 1 atm? (3 pts.) 2. A 28.8% aqueous solution of iron(III) chloride has a density of 1.280 g/mL. Calculate the molarity, molality, and mole fraction of FeCl3. (6 pts., 2 pts each) 3. The density of an ideal gas is 2.194 g/L at 50 torr and 298 K. What is the molecular mass of the ideal gas? (3 pts.) 4. The reaction of gaseous sulfur hexafluoride and gaseous sulfur trioxide at 300 oC produces gaseous sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2). a. Write the balanced chemical equation. (2 pts.) b. If 120 mL of SF6 reacts with 120 mL of SO3, which is the limiting reagent? (3 pts.) c. What volume of SO2F2 will be produced from the reaction of 120.0 mL each of SO3 and SF6? (1 pt.) d. How many mL of the excess reagent will remain unreacted in (c)? (2 pts.) e. How many mL of SF6 and SO3 would be needed to make 75.0 mL SO2F2 if a 42.5% yield is obtained? (4 pts.)

5. The partial pressure of methane is 0.225 atm and the partial pressure of ethane is 0.165 atm in a mixture of the two gases. a. What is the mole fraction of each gas in the mixture? (4 pts.) b. If the mixture occupies 9.73 L at 35.0 oC, what is the total number of moles of gas in the mixture? (2 pts.) c. How many grams of each gas are present in the mixture? (6 pts.) 6. A balloon filled with gaseous ozone has a volume of 6.74 L at 50 oC and 783 mmHg. What is its volume (in L) at 150 oC and 743 mmHg? (3 pts.) Calculate the amount of heat required to convert 75.0 g of ice at -15 oC to steam at 125 oC? Given cice = 2.09 J/g oC, Hfus = 334 J/g, Hvap = 2260 J/g, csteam = 2.03 J/g oC. (5 pts.) 7. Isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O), has a vapor pressure of 100 torr at 39.5 oC and 400 torr at 67.8 oC. Estimate the heat of vaporization of isopropyl alcohol. (3 pts.)

Problem Solving: 1. An ethanol-water solution is prepared by dissolving 10.00 mL ethanol ( = 0.789 g/mL) in a sufficient volume of water to produce 100.0 mL of a solution with a density of 0.982 g/mL. What is the concentration of ethanol in this solution expressed as a) volume percent; b) mass percent; c) mass/volume percent; d) mole fraction; e) mole percent; f) molarity; g) molarity. Why is ethanol soluble in water? Is octyl alcohol soluble in water? 2. A 10.00% by mass aqueous solution of sucrose has a density of 1.040 g/mL. What is a) molarity; b) molality; and c) mole fraction of sucrose in this solution? 3. Complete the following neutralization reactions in 1:1 molar ratios: a) HOBr + H2O; b) H2PO4- + OH-; c) B(OH)3 + OH-; d) C6H5NH3+ + OH-; e) Al(OH)3 + HCl. Give the conjugate acid-base pairs in (d). Which of the given compounds is a Lewis acid? Which of the given compounds is amphoteric (other than water)? Which of the products is a basic salt? An acidic salt? Which of the products is an example of a neutral salt? 4. The density of an 18% solution of ammonium sulfate is 1.10 g/mL. a) What mass of (NH4)2SO4 is required to prepare 775.0 mL of this solution? b) What volume of the solution of (NH4)2SO4 contains 135.0 g of (NH4)2SO4? c) What is the molarity of the solution containing 135.0 g of (NH4)2SO4? d) What is the molarity of a solution prepared by adding 250 mL of water to solution (c)? 5. An impure sample of sodium carbonate is allowed to react with 0.1755 M HCl. A 0.2337-g sample of Na2CO3 requires 17.85 mL of HCl solution. What is the purity of Na2CO3? 6. Calculate the volume of 2.25 M of phosphoric acid solution necessary to react with 45.0 mL of 0.150 M of magnesium hydroxide? 7. A solution is 40% acetic acid by mass. The density of this solution is 1.049 g/mL at 20 oC. Calculate the mass of pure acetic acid in 125.0 mL of this solution at 20 oC. 8. a) Calculate the vapor pressure lowering associated with dissolving 20.2 g of table sugar in 400.0 g of water at 25 oC. b) What is the vapor pressure of the solution? Assume that the solution is ideal. The vapor pressure of water at 25 oC is 23.76 torr. c) What is the boiling point of this solution? d) What is the freezing point of this solution? e) What osmotic pressure would this sugar solution exhibit at 25 oC? The density of the solution is 1.34 g/mL. 9. An aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 1.56 g of AlCl3 in 50.0 g water has a freezing point of -1.61 o C. Calculate the a) boiling point and b) osmotic pressure at 25 oC of this solution. The density of the solution at 25 oC is 1.002 g/mL. 10. The vapor pressure of a solution containing 53.6 g glycerol in 133.7 g ethanol is 113 torr at 40 oC. Calculate the vapor pressure of pure ethanol at 40 oC, assuming that the glycerol is a non-volatile, nonelectrolyte solute in ethanol. 11. Designate the Brnsted-Lowry acid and the Brnsted-Lowry base on the left-side of the following equations, and also designate the conjugate acid and conjugate base on the right side. a. HSO4- (aq) + HCO3- (aq) SO42- (aq) + H2SO3(aq) b. PO43- (aq) + HCHO2 (aq) CHO2- (aq) + HPO42- (aq) 12. Which of the following species are amphiprotic in aqueous solution? NH4+, HS-, NO2-, HCO3-? For one of the amphiprotic species, write one equation showing it acting as an acid, and another equation showing it acting as a base. 13. Calculate the [H3O+] and [OH-] for each solution: a) 0.00165 M HNO3; b) 0.0087 M KOH. 14. What is the pH for each of the following solutions? a) 6.14 x 10-4 M HCl; b) 4.8 x 10-3 M Ba(OH)2?