AUTOMATIC RAIN DETECTOR SYSTEM FOR HOUSES [Type the document subtitle]

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE:

The main objective and scope of this project is:

Domestic uses: In houses if the doors and windows are kept open unknowingly we can use this system to close doors and windows automatically and avoid water entering the houses and prevent damage of objects kept near or around the doors and windows. At times when people are not at house and if the system is kept ON, it automatically closes the doors and windows when it rains and keeps people tension free.

In huge buildings where there are more number of doors and windows, it is time consuming and requires more man power to close each and every doors and windows when it rains suddenly.

We can implement this system in higher levels such as industries, institutions, museums, hospitals, etc. to avoid spoiling of electrical or mechanical components, books, valuable materials, laboratory equipments respectively.

PROCESS DESCRIPTION:
The automatic Rain Detector system uses 555 timer which send signals to actuators through relay when its receives a signal from water sensor. Water sensor is mainly a thin strip of metal. When rain water falls on the water sensor a contact is made between the two strips if metal. This completes the circuit and a signal generated reaches the input pin if IC 555. The rain sensor system which is prepared by IC555 with installed a sensor that can detect water and also reverse process operates when the water droplets between the metal strips a relay switches to its original position. This reverses the power supply to actuators (motor) bringing it back to original position opening the doors and windows of house.

The series of Using Rain Detector 555 can be disupply with a voltage source that is free enough from 5-15 VDC. The system can be applied in various places like vehicles and garages to shut and open the windows during rainy season.

Operations of Timer IC NE 555 In this system we use Water sensors to detect rain, the important principle of the sensor is to conduct electrical current very well when the surface is exposed to water even a little. Both the end of the sensor x and y is connected to pin 7 and pin 2 of 555 timer respectively. An astable multivibrator, often called a free-running multivibrator, is a rectangular-wave generating circuit. Unlike the monostable multivibrator, this circuit does not require any external trigger to change the state of the output, hence the name free-running. An astable multivibrator can be produced by adding resistors and a capacitor to the basic timer IC, as illustrated in figure 1. The timing during which the output is either high or low is determined by the externally connected two resistors and a capacitor.

The details of the astable multivibrator circuit are given below. Pin 1 is grounded; pins 4 and 8 are shorted and then tied to supply +Vcc, output is taken form pin 3 and is given to input of the relay via capacitor CB as shown in the figure 1. Pin 2 and 6 are shorted and the connected to ground through capacitor CA, pin 7 is connected to supply + VCC through a resistor RA; and between pin 6 and 7 a resistor RB is connected. At pin 5 either a bypass capacitor of 0.01 F is connected or modulation input is applied.

Figure 1: Pin configuration of NE 555

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 1: Circuit diagram of automatic rain detector Relay

A Relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The pin number 5 and output pin 3 of the timer via capacitor C A and CB is connected to input of the relay. When the diode is forward biased the current flows through the diode so the relay remains OFF.

When the diode is reversed biased the current flows through coil and the relay turns ON. The output of the relay is given to the motors which are connected to doors and windows in order to open and close them when it rains.

Components used: NE 555

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS:

And in addition to it we use some capacitors, resistors, and a diode.

Limitations of this system are:

If this system is ON for long time and if it doesnt rain there will be wastage of power. It will be harmful to those who are unaware of the system. For example: If this system is ON and all of the sudden if it starts raining then people are near the doors and windows specially children may get hurt.

When it rains heavily and if water is collected on the roof of the houses, so it takes long time water to dry at this time the doors and windows remains closed.

CONCLUSION:
The overall aim of the automatic rain detecting device is that it protects the objects inside the houses from rain. As mentioned in the objectives this system can be implemented in big buildings and reduce the bad effects of rain on objects.