Determination of Ultimate Strain for Spirally/Circular Confined Concrete

Spiral/Hoop Outer Diameter: b

c
= 6.000 Spiral/Hoop Wire Type: W or D 0
or
Hoop Spacing or Spiral Pitch: s = 4.00 Spiral/Hoop Bar Size: # 3
Steel Modulus of Elasticity: E
s
= 29,000 Nominal Diameter: d
s
= 0.375
Steel Strength: f
y
= 60.00 Nominal Area: A
s
= 0.110
Specified Concete Strength: f'
c
= 6.0 Longitudinal Bars: Number 4
Size: # 8
Step 1: Determine the properties of unconfined concrete: A
ls
=
0.44
Peak strength of unconfined concrete: 6.0
Weight of concrete: w = 0.146
Modulus of elasticity: E
c 0
= 4509.4
Curve fitting factor: n = 3.20
Strain at peak strength: 0.00194
Step 2: Determine the volumetric reinforcement to core ratio: 0.01833
Step 3: Determine the longitudinal reinforcement to core ratio: 0.01556
Step 4: Determine the confinement effectiveness coefficient:
For spirals: For circular hoops: so thus 0.49479
Step 5: Determine the average lateral confinement pressure: 0.5500
Step 6: Determine the effective lateral confinement pressure: 0.2721
Step 7: Determine the peak strength of confined concrete:
Step 8: Determine the strain at peak strength:
0.00468
7.704
in.
in.
2
in.
in.
ksi.
ksi.
ksi.
ksi.
c
b f
s
A f
s
f
s
A
s
ksi.
ksi.
kips/ft.
3 3
kips/ft. 155 . 0
000 , 1
140 . 0 ) (
0
s
'
+ =
c
f
w
0 0
5 . 1
000 , 33
c c
f w E ' =
c c
f f ' = '
0
= '
0 c
f
|
.
|

\
|
'
'

=
1
0
0
0
n
n
c
c
c
E
f
c
= '
0 c
c
in.
in.
in.
in.
50 . 2
80 . 0
'
c
f
n + =
( )
cc
c
s
e
b
d s
k

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1
2
1
2
( )
cc
c
s
e
b
d s
k

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1
2
1
=
e
k
in.
2
= =
2
4
c
ls
cc
b
A
t

= =
s b
A
c
s
s
4

=
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
'
'
' = ' 4 5
0
0
c
cc
c cc
f
f
c c
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

'
'

'
'
+ ' = ' 254 . 1
2 94 . 7
1 254 . 2
0 0
0
c c
c cc
f
f
f
f
f f

= =
y
c
s
f
s b
A
f
2

ksi. = = '

f k f
e
ksi.
Step 9: Use the modified Popovics formula to determine confined concrete stress-strain relationship:
Modulus of elasticity: 1644.9
Modular ratio: 1.574
Confined concrete stress-strain relationship:
12.13 0.00468
1.574
0.00468
f
cc
@ c
ccu
= 0.80f'
cc
= 6.1632
c
cu
= 0.01243 at f
cc
~ 6.1632
Alternative Values for Ultimate Strain:
By Priestley's proposed equation: 0.02000
By Scott et al.: 0.02576
Step 10: Determine c
cu
by examining the confined conrete stress-strain relationship.
0.574
The ultimate strain of confined concrete is conservatively taken at 80% of the peak strength on the
descending branch of the stress-strain curve.
ksi.
ksi.
ksi.
=
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
'
+
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
'
' =
r
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc cc
r r f f
c
c
c
c
1
( ) = =
cc c c
E E E r
0 0
= ' ' =
cc cc cc
f E c
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
= s
'
+ =
ccu
cc
s
s u c ccu
f
f
c c c 020 . 0 14 . 0
0
= |
.
|

\
|
+ =
5 . 43
9 . 0
0
s
s u c ccu
f
c c
(
)
+
( )
cc
c
cc
c
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0030 0.0035 0.0040 0.0045 0.0050 0.0055
----------- Unconfined Concrete
Confined Concrete
_______
) (in./in.
c
c
) (ksi.
c
f