Name style instrument details importance

Fletcher swing Pianist, arranger Skilled musician 1st big band

Henderson but crappy
business man
Caso loma swing Big band White, from White
Toronto
Benny Goodman Swing Clarinet White from Broke color
Chicago barrier, “king
of swing”
Jimmy Swing Personality Known simply Was swings
Lunceford rather than as “musician” range of
instrument Harlem
Tommy Dorsey Swing Trombone “gentleman of
swing”
Count Bassie Swing Pianist, All black big Different than
Arranger band. anyone else.
Incorporated Influenced by
jazz and blues. ragtime.
Double riffs. Few notes, but
right notes
Bubba Miley Swing trumpet Made Bassie’s
band hot!
Duke Ellington Swing Pianist,
composer,
arranger
Billie Holliday Swing Vocalist Intimate, Raised singer
emotion, standard,
HEAVY “Lady Day”
Lester Young Swing Saxophone Part of Good Friends
Fletcher’s band. with Billie.
Resembles Played with
Louis – Fletcher
dynamic, full Henderson
blood, lots of
sound
Ella Fitzgerald Swing and Master Mastered
beyond technician, CROONING
versatile,
idolized all over
world,
INNOCENT,
OPTMISTIC
Charlie “Bird” Swing Saxophone From Kansas
Parker city,
Art Tatum Ny stride Piano
Max Roach Bop Drum Played with One of the best
 sarah Vaughn bop drummers
Dizzy Gilepsie Bop trumpet Parkers sidekick

Bud Powell Bop Piano Sings while he

improvises
John Cultrain Hard Bop Saxophonist
Theolonius Bop Piano Eccentric. Model for
Monk operates in those Anti-
surprise Charlie Parker
Miles Davis Responsible paino
for cool, but
around for
almost all
Gill Evans Cool Drummer
Dave Brubeck Cool Piano Was white, brought jazz to
changed college
irregular meters
(3, 5,7) some irregular
thought was too meters
european
John Lewis Cool Piano From New Key to the
Mexico style of cool

Leader of
Modern Jazz
Quartet
Paul Desmond cool saxophone paired with
brubeck
Lester Young Started as Saxophone Light laidback, Father figure
swing, then refined, cool to cool
cool sound. Part of saxophonists
Basie’s Band.
Chet Baker Cool Trumpet,
vocalist
Benny Swing Clarinetist
Goodman
Milt Jackson cool Vibraphone
Charlie Barnett
Coleman Swing Saxophonist
Hawkins
Sidney Bichet swing Clarinet
Type Calcu Size of Arrang Function instruments major song
lation band er people
Early small
NO combo
Jazz –
1920-
1940
Swing big Yes Dance, clarinet, Fletcher Faster Koko,
1930s band entertainment trumpet, Henderson, harmonic Indago,
-1941 trombone, Duke structure, “Cherokee
drum piano, Ellington fast,
string base emphasis on
SECTIONS! improvising
soloist,
acculteration
Had theme
songs
Bop No small no Social, (right hand of Bud Powell, take a piece
1940- combo Political, piano) Monk, everyone
1960’s wanted to be knows get rid
taken sax, trumpet, of melody
seriously. bass, drums, and title and
FINE ART! and piano) create new
ones. All
black.
Angular
melody
Hard Same Same Same Same as john non-
Bop as as as above cultrain functional,
above above above fastest paced
Cool A Small Yes (trumpet, alto Miles Not fast, not
little combo sax) Davis, Gill dance, not
(trombone, Evans, functional,
tuba, barry Lester cool paced
sax) (piano, Young,
bass drums) Dave
Brubeck

Swing –
 - Casa loma – all white band from Toronto – Acculturation
- Benny goodman was white but music he played was arranged by black –
fletcher
- WWII had major affects on the end of swing
- “Jazz ended because of the power of whites getting their hands Jazz and the
music responds to the needs of the mainstream society. Take into
consideration of audience.
- Count Bassie played differently for the different races
- Music is completely fused now.
- The first mainstream dance music of jazz
- 1930’s = golden age of swing
- duke Ellington was sweet band until bichet and miley made it hott!
-
-
Bop
- First Modern jazz
- No longer thought as functional dance music
- Saw themselves as artists
- Didn’t care about money or popularity
- Used politically and socially
- Serious attitudes
- Unrecorded until 1945
- 1st fully conscious, full intentional self-representation of black people
-

Ellington’s 4 stages of music

1. “Jungle Music”
a. created at Cotton Club
b. hired people for eccentric musical personality
c. approach sound as an artist
d. Construction of Africs
2. “Moods”
a. captured experience
b. walking base line
c. musicians could be rugged and individualistic but are capable of
playing as one
3.

Terms:
• Band within a band – big band and then take a break while an early no like small
combo would play
• Torch song – billie holliday famous for them. Sung from women who had been
 done wrong by a man
• improvised – made up on spot
• improvisatory – sounds like it could have been made up on spot, but it wasn’t
because of unison rhythm with harmony
•

Differences between Early New Orleans Jazz and Swing

Not just from New Orleans – from all over
Life experiences different
Parents wanted to give kids lessons, enough money for lessons
- of course these lessons were European lessons
Mediums –
Before there was no precalculation, now there is some

Foreshadows of change from SWING to BOP

1. Musicians chafe at the idea that they are merely performing entertainment.
Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman wanted their music to be taken seriously.
a. RESULT: Took the “swing” out of the functional dance setting, and
put it in a concert hall, claiming jazz was just as interesting and
important as classical music.
b. RESULT: Enlarged musical proposition. Expanded Jazz and blew it to
a whole new world. Made songs longer, because of course as
Americans… “size matters”.
2. Geography
a. Before it was new Orleans… but now, more Southwest… KANSAS
CITY!!
3. Mediums Changed

Songs:
Benny Goodman “Sing Sing Sing”
Casa Loma “I’ve got rhythm”
Tommy Doresy “I’m getting sentimental over you”
Duke Ellington “Take the A-Train”
Count Basie “April in Paris”
Charlie Parker “Shaw nuff”
“Charakee”
Dizzy Gilepsi “Whispering”/ “Grovin high”
Bud Powell “Night into Nesia”
John Cultrane “giant steps”
Dave Brubeck “Take 5” “3 to get ready”
Dave Brubeck “Blue Rondo a La Turk”