TWO MARK QUESTION AND ANSWER UNIT I CONSTITUTION OF ALLOYS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS 1. Define solid solution.

A solid solution may be defined as a solid that consists of two or more elements automatically dispersed in a single-phase structure. 2. Differentiate substitutional and interstitial solid solutions. Substitutional solid solution Interstitial solid solution When the solute atoms substitute for parent solvent atoms in a crystal lattice are called substitutional atoms and the mi!ture of the two elements is called a substitutional solid solution In interstitial solid solution the solute atoms fit in to space between the solvent or parent atoms ". State #ibbs$s phase rule. %&'()*2 Where % & Degrees of freedom ' & number of components ) & number of phases present. +. What is li,uidus line.i,uidus is the line or boundary that separates li,uid and li,uid * solid phase regions. /. What is solidus lineSolidus is the line or boundary that separates solid and solid * li,uid phase regions. 0. What is solvus lineSolvus is the line or boundary that separates single phase solid regions from two phase solid regions. 1. Define triple point. 2he point at which three phases 3solid li,uid and vapour4 of a single material coe!ist is called triple point. 5. What is an isomorphous systemIn some binary alloy systems the two elements are completely soluble in each other in both the li,uid and solid states. In these systems only a single type of crystal structure e!ists and therefore they are called isomorphous systems. 6. Define eutectic reaction. 7utectic reaction is the reversible isothermal reaction of a li,uid which transforms in to two different solid phases upon cooling. 2he eutectic reaction can be written as 'ooling .i,uid Solid 1 * Solid 2 8eating 19. Define peritectic reaction. )eritectic reaction is the reversible isothermal reaction in which a solid and li,uid phase transform in to a solid phase upon cooling.

2he peritectic reaction can be written as 'ooling .i,uid * Solid 1 Solid 2 8eating 11. Define eutectoid reaction. 7utectoid reaction is the reversible isothermal reaction in which one solid phase transforms in to two mi!ed solid phases upon cooling. 2he eutectoid reaction can be written as 'ooling Solid 1 Solid 2 *Solid " 8eating 12. Define peritectoid reaction. )eritectoid reaction is the reversible isothermal reaction in which two solid phases transform in to a third solid phase upon cooling. 2he peritectoid reaction can be written as 'ooling Solid 1 * Solid 2 Solid " 8eating 1". Define the terms :ferrite$ and :austenite$ in iron carbon alloy system. %errite is a primary solid solution based on ; iron having <'' structure. Austenite is a primary solid solution based on = iron having %'' structure. <oth are interstitial solid solutions of carbon in iron. 1+. What do you understand by the term :allotropy$Allotropy refers to the possibility of e!istence of two or more different crystal structures for a substance depending upon temperature. 1/. Write down the allotropy forms of pure iron. ; ( iron 3<'' structure stable up to 612> ' 4 = ( iron 3%'' structure stable between 612> ' to 1"6+> ' 4 ? ( iron 3<'' structure stable between 1"6+> ' to 1/"5 > ' 4 10. Define polymorphism. Allotropy refers to the possibility of e!istence of two or more different crystal structures for a substance depending upon temperature. 2his phenomenon is also @nown as polymorphism. 11. What is steelSteel is an alloy of carbon and iron with 9.995 A to 2 A of carbon. 15. What is meant by eutectoid hypo eutectoid hyper eutectoid steelSteel contain 9.5A of carbon is called eutectoid steel. Steels having less than 9.5A of carbon are @nown as hypo eutectoid steels. Steels having above 9.5 A of are @nown as hyper eutectoid steels. 16. What is cast iron'ast Iron is an alloy of carbon and iron with above 2 A of carbon in iron. 29. What is meant by eutectic hypo eutectic hyper eutectic cast iron'ast iron contain +."A of carbon is called eutectic cast iron. 'ast iron having less than +."A of carbon is @nown as hypo eutectic cast iron. 'ast iron having above +." A of carbon is @nown as hyper eutectic cast iron. Unit II

HEAT TREATMENT 1. What is 8eat treatment of metala. It is the controlled heating and cooling of metals for the purpose of altering their properties. 2. Write some obBectives of 8eat treatmenta. 2o Celieve internal stresses b. 2o improve Dachinability c. 2o improve the properties ". What are the types of heat 2reatmenta. Annealing b. Eormalising c. 8ardening d. 2empering +. What are the types of Annealinga. %ull b. Stress-relief c. CecrystalliFation d. SpheroidiFing e. )rocess /. What is the process in %ull Annealinga. 8eating the steel 1/ 9 to +9 9 ' above critical temperature b. 8old in that temperature for a period of time now the steel is austeniFed c. 'ooling is done very slowly in the furnace itself. 0. What is the process in Stress relief annealinga. 8eating the steel //9 to 0/9 9 ' b. 8old in that temperature for a period of time now the steel is austeniFed c. 'ooled slowly 1. What is the process in CecrystalliFation or process annealinga. 8eating the steel //9 to 0/9 9 ' b. 8old in that temperature for a period of time now the steel is austeniFed then 'ooled at any desired rate. 5. What is the SpheroidiFinga. 2he cementite is hard to machine because of its needle li@e structure. So heated to about 199>'. b. Eow the 'ementite becomes globular structure called Spheroids which will be easy to machine. 6. What is EormalisingSimilar to %ullAnnealing but cooling established in still air called normaliFing. 8eating the steel /9 to 099 ' above critical temperature 8old for a short time. Eow the steel is AusteniFed 'ool down in still air 19 What is the purpose of normaliFing2o refine the grain siFe 2o produce more uniform structure and desirable siFe distribution. 11 .What is 222 diagram222 diagram is a plot of temperature versus the logarithm of time for a steel alloy of

definite composition. 12 .what are the other names of 222 diagramIsothermal 2ransformation3I2-diagram4 curves and S-curve '-curve <ain$s curve due to their shapes 1". what are the co-ordinates of I2-diagramAmount of Austenite transformed in vertical a!is3G-a!is4 2ime3.ogirathamic scale so we can use for days wee@s months4 in H-a!is 1+. What are the products you came to @now from I2-diagramAt 199 9 ' 'oarse )earlite At 099 9 ' upper <ainite 3 Sorbite 4 At /99 to //9 9 ' %ine )earlite32roosite4 At //9 to "99 9 ' .ower <ainite 3acicular troosite4 1/.What is 8ardnessIt is the property of a material by virtue of which it is able to resist abrasion indentation and scratching. 10.What is 8ardeningIt refers to the heat treatment which increases the hardness by ,uenching. 11.What is the reason for 8ardeningDartensite is formed from Austenite directly .2his is a comple! structure formed due to sudden cooling. 15.What is 'ritical 'ooling Cate3''C42he slowest rate of cooling of austenite that will result in 199I Dartensite transformation is @nown as the critical cooling rate 16.What is 2emperingIn 8ardening the metal becomes too brittle and with lot of internal stresses which would affect the property of metal. 2o remove this and to get desired property we reheat the hardened metal. 2his process is called 2empering. 29.What is DartemperingIf we reheat the metal after Dartensite formation is called martempering. 21.What is AustemperingIt is the ,uenching techni,ue that the metal is ,uenched to the temp Bust above the Dartensite start3Ds4 temp and @eep that temp until complete transformation of austenite to <ainite structure. 22.What is DartemperingIt is the ,uenching techni,ue that the metal is reheated after Dartensite formation 2".What are the three types of 2empering.ow temperature 8igh temperature Dedium 2emperature 2+.What are the types of hardening processWor@ 8ardening Age 8ardening Air 8ardening 8ardening by heating and ,uenching 2/.What is 8ardenabilityAbility of the metal to get hardened is @nown as 8ardenability.

20.What is the test to find 8ardenabiltyJominy 7nd Kuench 2est 21.What are the various types of case 8ardening'arburiFing 'yaniding Eitriding %lame and Induction 8ardening 25.What is EitridingIt is the process of introducing nitrogen atoms to obtain hard surface of the steel components. 26.What is 'arbonitridingIt is the process of introducing both carbon and nitrogen atoms to obtain hard surface of thes teel components. "9.What is selective hardening techni,ueIt is the techni,ue in which different properties are obtained simply by varying the temperature of various regions. "1.What is %lame hardeningIt is a selective hardening process in which combustible gas flame is used as the source of heat. "2.What is Induction hardeningIt is a selective hardening process using :resistance to induced eddy currents$ as the source of heat.

SIX MARK QUESTIONS

UNIT I CONSTITUTION OF ALLOYS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS 1. What is allotropy- 7!plain the allotropic forms of pure iron. 2. .ist the micro constituents of iron carbon e,uilibrium diagram and e!plain any one. ". 7!plain the factors affecting solid solubility of a solution 3or4 7!plain 8ume Cothery rules. +. 7!plain about cooling curves. /. 7!plain eutectic and eutectoid reactions. 0. Write short note about ferrite austenite cemintite UNIT II HEAT TREATMENT 1 What is meant by EormaliFing- .ist the obBectives of normaliFing 2. What is Austempering- 7!plain the Austempering process. ". 7!plain the factors affecting hardness of a material. +. 7!plain martempering. /. 7!plain about cyaniding. 0. What are the purpose of heat treatment

TEN MARK QUESTIONS

UNIT I CONSTITUTION OF ALLOYS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS 1.Draw Iron-Iron carbide e,uilibrium diagram and mar@ on it all salient temperatures and composition fields. 2. What is solid solution- 7!plain the type of solid solutions with s@etch. ". 7!plain the transformation of cast iron. +. 7!plain the transformation of steel.

/. 7!plain the steps involved in phase diagram problems. UNIT II HEAT TREATMENT 1. Draw a neat s@etch of the 222 diagram. 2. Draw ''2 diagram for eutectoid steel which is superimposed on I2 diagram. ". 7!plain the carbo nitriding process with neat s@etch. +. Define hardenability. 7!plain Jominy 7nd-Kuench 2est. /. 7!plain any one thermal method of surface hardening 0.7!plain about various type of annealing