CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION
Chapter Overview
Introduction
Origin of the Report
Objectives
Methodology of Data Collection
Limitation of the Study
1.0 Introduction:
With the opening up of the economy of Bangladesh, a dramatic change has been
observed both in manufacturing and in service sectors. This has brought higher
employment opportunities, increases in income level, and changes in consumption
pattern and consequently there emerges a competitive environment in the country.
Specifically, the expansion of banking business, along with customized services, has
created a severe implied competition in this sector. This competition has made the
service gap wider as private banks offer better services to their internal and external
customers. The scenario has created an urge to the bank policy makers to identify the
underlying reasons and brought them into consideration the job satisfaction issue. It
will investigate that officer of Social Islami Bank Limited play the key role in
manipulating their services through implementing policy.
1.7 Methodology:
1.7.1 Sources of Data Collection:
1.7.1.1 Primary Sources:
Primary data will be collecting by different sources.
Observation of banking activities.
Face to face Interviews.
Employee survey data were gathering by analyzing responses to questionnaire.
Experiences gained during performing duties for General Banking department
and HR department.
Discussion with officers of Social Islami Bank Limited.
1.7.1.2 Secondary Sources:
Annual reports of Social Islami Bank Limited.
Various documents from General Banking department.
Different websites, books.
Internal Records.
1.6 Limitation:
On the way of my study in Social Islami Bank Limited, I faced the following problems,
which may be termed as the limitations of the study. The major limitations of this study
are given as follows:
There were some restrictions to have access to the information confidential by
concern authority.
Sufficient records, publications regarding customer service were not available
as per requirement.
Three-month is not sufficient time to gain practical knowledge and prepare a
report.
The employees of the bank are so much busy so they cannot provide me to give
information.
I have no proper experience to do this kind of report. So, inexperience creates
obstacle to follow the systematic and logical research methodology.
CHAPTER - 02
Chapter Overview
Definition of Bank
Objective of Bank
Historical Background of the Bank
Banking Operations in Bangladesh
The first banks were the merchants of the ancient world that made loans to farmers and
traders that carried goods between cities. The first records of such activity dates back to
around 2000 BC in Assyria and Babylonia. Later, in ancient Greece and during the
Roman Empire, lenders who were based in temples made loans but also added two
important innovations: accepting deposits and changing money. During this period,
there is similar evidence of the independent development of lending of money in
ancient China and separately in ancient India. In ancient China starting in the Qin
Dynasty (221 to 206 BC) the Chinese currency developed with the introduction of
standardized coins which allowed the much easier trade across China and led to the
development of letters of credit. These letters were issued by merchants that acted in
ways that today we would understand as banks. The development of banking spread
through Europe and a number of important innovations took place in Amsterdam
during the Dutch Republic in the 16th century and in London in the 17th century.
During the 20th century, developments in telecommunications and computing resulting
in major changes to the way banks operated and allowed them to dramatically increase
in size and geographic spread. The Late-2000s financial crisis saw significant number
of bank failures, including some of the world's largest banks, and much debate about
bank regulation. The history of banking is closely related to the history of money but
banking transactions probably predate the invention of money. Deposits initially
consisted of grain and later other goods including cattle, agricultural implements, and
eventually precious metals such as gold, in the form of easy-to-carry compressed
plates. Temples and palaces were the safest places to store gold as they were constantly
attended and well built. As sacred places, temples presented an extra deterrent to
would-be thieves.
However, government control at the wrong sectors prevented these banks from
functioning well. This was compounded by the fact that loans were handed out to the
public sector without commercial considerations, that banks had poor capital lease,
provided poor customer services and didnt have any market-based monetary
instruments. But mostly, because loans were given out without commercial sense, and
because they took a long time to call a loan non-performing, and once they did so,
recovery under the erstwhile judicial system was so abjectly expensive, and their loan
recovery was abysmally poor. While the government made a point of intervening
everywhere, it didnt set up a proper regulatory system that would diagnose such
problems and correct them. Hence, banking concepts like profitability and liquidity was
alien to bank managers, and capital adequacy Took backseat. In 1982, the first reform
program was initiated, where the government denationalized two of the six nationalized
commercial banks and permitted local private banks to create competition in the
banking sector. In 1986, a National Commission on Money, Banking and Credit was
appointed to recover the problems of the banking sector and a number of steps were
taken for the recovery targets for the nationalized commercial banks and development
financial institutions and prohibiting defaulters from getting new loans, yet, the
efficiency of the banking sectors could not be improved. Virtually all banking services
were concentrated in urban areas. The newly independent government immediately
designated the Dhaka branch of the State Bank of Pakistan as the central bank and
renamed it the Bangladesh Bank. The bank was responsible for regulating currency,
controlling credit and monetary policy, and administering exchange control and the
official foreign exchange reserves. The Bangladesh government initially nationalized
the entire domestic banking system and proceeded to reorganize and rename the various
banks. Foreign-owned banks were permitted to continue doing business in Bangladesh.
The government's encouragement during the late 1970s and early 1980s of agricultural
development and private industry brought changes in lending strategies. Managed by
the Bangladesh Krishi Bank, a specialized agricultural banking institution, lending to
farmers and fishermen dramatically expanded. The number of rural bank branches
doubled between 1977 and 1984, to more than 3,330. Denationalization and private
industrial growth led the Bangladesh Bank and the World Bank to focus their lending
on the emerging private manufacturing sector. Scheduled bank advances to private
agriculture, as a percentage of sectoral GDP, rose from 2 percent in FY 1979 to 11
10
11
Bank Alfalah
12
13
CHAPTER - 03
AN OVERVIEW
OF
SOCIAL ISLAMI BANK LIMITED
Chapter Overview
Organizational Overview
Historical Background of SIBL
Formation of Social Islami Bank
Objectives & Goals of SIBL
Vision & Mission
Strategic Objectives & Commitments
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Corporate Profile
SIBL at a Glance
Functions of SIBL
SIBL Products & Services
SWOT Analysis of SIBL
14
15
The bank has taken a renewed drive aiming at consolidating its business in more
focused areas covering SME and Agro-finance with emphasis on searching for
alternative delivery channel under which SMS banking and mobile based remittance
payment systems that are gradually introduced to disseminate the SIBL services to the
doorsteps of the customers. The bank has already introduced Internet banking and
launched some new products to strengthen its business. The products are Sonali Din,
Sommridhir Sopan, Sonchoy Protidin, Swopner Shiri, Shukher Thikana, Sabuj Chhya,
Sabuj Shayanho, Subarnolata, Subornarekha, Sanchaita etc. and Zamil ATM Debit
card. SIBL is a pioneer in introducing on-line banking among all the Islami Banks of
the country with state-of-the-art banking software, which will enable the bank to
perform as any branch real time banking service to the clients. The state-of-the-art
banking software of the bank will enable to perform as any branch real time banking
service to the clients.
SIBL is supported by core banking solutions and our products & services are strongly
backed by IT infrastructure, which are upgraded & expanded on continuous basis.
SIBL has set its strategy to convert all its banking activities from traditional branchbased banking system to an ideal blending of both centralized processing unit (CPU)
and effective operation of branch that based on modern essence of banking. The bank is
running its payment system successfully through BACPS, BEFTN under BACH in
order to boost up its businesses in multiple dimensions. Adopting BACH System as per
guidelines of Bangladesh Bank, SIBL ensures security, safety and hassle free faster
transactions from end to end. Moreover, the bank is effectively adopting regulatory
guidelines on IT risk management. SIBL is quite conscious of its social business
responsibilities and is always trying to participate in various social programs in the
country under its CSR portfolio giving special emphasis on health, habitat & education.
The bank ensures to provide better integrated idea of formal, informal & voluntary
banking in the same platform.
SIBL has its unique feature to mobilize capital through CASH WAQF program. SIBL
lays emphasis on employment generated, environment friendly and green banking
based investment keeping an eye on equitable distribution of resources over
geographical territory for sustainable growth of macro economy of the country. The
Bank's continuous effort has been to increase the shareholders' value, and be valued as
16
17
18
Innovation: Our minds and eyes are open to the evolution in quality of life to
innovate further benefits for the service takers.
Flexibility: Flexibility leads to better understanding and greater satisfaction we pursue the quality.
Security: Customers must feel secure with all our products and services - we
keep on ensuring it.
Technology: Modern life is technology dependent - we keep looking for the
latest development to provide the best in ease to our clients.
19
20
VAT Registration No
Credit Rating Agency
Auditors
Chairman
Managing Director
Chief Financial Officer
Company Secretary
Number of Employees
Number of Branches
Number of Shareholders
Investors Enquiry
21
Categories: A
Categories: A
22
23
24
ASSISTANT OFFICER
Deposit Products
Cards
Bai-Muazzal
HPSM
HPSM- Ijara
Murabaha
Musharaka
Bill Purchase
Bai-Salam (PC)
Quard
25
proportion to their respective equity. The share, part or portion of the asset
owned by the Bank is hired out to the client partner for a fixed rent per unit of
time for a fixed period. Lastly the Bank sells and transfers the ownership of its
share / part / portion to the client against payment of price fixed for that part
either gradually part by part or in lump sum within the hired period after the
expiry of the hire agreement.
HPSM- Ijara
The mode under which any asset owned by the bank, by creation, acquirement
or building-up is rented out is called HPSM (Ijara). In this mode, the client pays
the Bank rents at a determined rate for using the assets/properties and returns
the same to the Bank at the expiry of the agreement. The Bank retains absolute
ownership of the assets/properties in such a case. However, at the end of the
period of HPSM (Ijara), the asset may be sold to the client at an agreed price.
Murabaha
Bai-Murabaha is a contract between a Buyer and Seller under which the Seller
sells certain specific goods permissible under Islamic Shariah and Law of the
land to the Buyer at a cost plus agreed profit payable in cash on any fixed future
date in lump sum or by installments. The profit marked-up may be fixed in
lump-sum or in percentage of the cost price of the goods. In case of BaiMurabaha Banks procure the goods as per indent of the customer, retain it in its
custody and sell the same part by part or at a time to the client who gave indent
for the goods.
Musharaka
Musharaka means partnership business. Every partner has to provide more or
less equity funds in this partnership business. Both the Bank and the investment
client reserve the right to share in the management of the business. But the Bank
may opt to permit the investment client to operate the whole business. In
practice, the investment client normally conducts the business. The profit is
divided between the bank and the investment client at a predetermined ratio.
Loss, if any, is to be borne by the bank and the investment client according to
capital ratio.
Bill Purchase
26
Bill Purchase, in trade finance, allows a seller to obtain financing and receive
immediate funds in exchange for a sales document not drawn under a letter of
credit. The bank will send the sales documents to the buyers bank on behalf of
the seller.
Bai-Salam (PC)
This is export finance. Bai-Salam is a term used to define a sale in which the
buyer makes advance payment, but the delivery is delayed until sometime in the
future. Usually the seller is an individual or business and the buyer is the bank.
Quard
It is a mode to provide financial assistance/ loan with the stipulation to return
the principal amount in the future without any increase thereon.
3.10.2 Deposit Products:
Mudaraba Scheme Deposits
Kafela-Mudaraba Hajj Scheme
Proshanti-Mudaraba Zakat Savings Account
Samriddhir Sopan- Mudaraba Double Growth Deposit Scheme
Sonali Kabin- Mudaraba Mohorana Savings Scheme
Sharno Sikhor- Mudaraba Kotipoti Scheme
Suborna Diganto-Mudaraba Millionaire Scheme
Sachchondo Protidin- Mudaraba Monthly Profit Deposit Scheme
SIBL Dipti- Mudaraba Education Savings Scheme
SIBL Young Star Account
Subarnolota-Special Savings Scheme for Women
Sonali Din- Mudaraba deposit Pension Scheme
Sukher Thikana- Special Savings Scheme for lower-income group
workers.
Swapner Siri- Mudaraba Lakhopothi Deposit Scheme
Sabuj Chhaya-Special Savings Scheme for Senior Citizens
Sabuj Sayannho- Special Deposit Scheme for Senior Citizens
Sanchita-Special Deposit Scheme
27
The A/c. holder(s) shall preserve the cheque book with utmost care so that
it might not be lost or stolen. For any misappropriation taken place
through any such stolen or lost cheque, the Bank shall not be held
responsible.
The depositor shall take back the pay-in-slip after deposit of any money or
cheques etc. clearly specifying the number and title of account in the slip.
All cheques, DD/PO etc shall be crossed before deposit.
Bankers shall note "Stop payment" of the account holder with due care.
Payment of any such cheque, the Bank shall not be held responsible.
Bank makes entry in the account with due care. However, for any wrong
entry, the Bank reserves the right for adjustment/correction and no
responsibility can be accepted by the bank for any loss caused by the
caused by the account holder due to such inadvertent/wrong entry passed
by the Banker.
28
The Bank reserves the right to close any account without notice and alter,
add any or all of the rules and such altered/additional rules shall
immediately thereafter be deemed to be binding on the account holder.
The bank may merge amount collected through this deposit and may
invest in any shariah allowed investments.
After determining the annual profit/loss the depositor will get his part of
profit.
Any amount can be deposited in any working hour but for applying profit
the lowest amount from 6th day till the last day of the month will be taken
as the deposit of that month.
Amount can be withdrawn twice a week but highest 4 times a month. One
fourth of the deposited amount or Tk. 2000/-, the lowest can be withdrawn
without notice. If any amount exceeding the above is withdrawn without
providing 07 days prior notice then no profit will be applied for that
month.
The Bank has the right to deny opening any account or can close down
any existing with showing any reason.
29
The bank operates the client accounts with utmost attention but still if any
miscalculation occurs the bank holds the right to make adjustments and
rectify the problems. But in this situation if any miscreants occur which is
caused by the client the bank will not be hold liable for that.
The Bank may change / amend / rectify any rules and regulations of this
Mudaraba Term Deposits are accepted by the bank with a sum of Tk.
5000 or above (multiple of 1000) from individuals (single and joint),
firms (proprietorship/partnership), limited companies, autonomous
bodies, charitable institutions, association, educational institution, local
bodies, trusts, etc., against issuance of non-transferable receipts in
acknowledgement of MTD account may be opened in the names of
minors jointly with their guardians, for example : Received from Mr. X
Guardian of Mister/Miss.... (Minor)
The mudaraba term deposits are accepted for periods of 12, 24, 36
months. Weightage on the rate of return is given to deposits of longer
maturity.
The Bank reserves the right to invest the funds received in mudaraba
term deposit accounts, in its sole judgement, in any interest-free "Halal"
business it deems fit.
30
the dae of the close of the books of accounts of the bank. The banks
decision in this respect will be final & binding on the Mudaraba Term
depositors. If the Mudaraba Term Deposit account is closed before
declaration of profit of current year, the depositor shall accept profit at
the rate declared in the preceding year. In that case, both the bank & the
depositor will relinquish their claim on difference amount of profit,
which may accrue at the close of the year.
The bank retains the right of refusing to accept any deposit from any
person in MTD account without assigning any reason.
31
The bank reserves the right to add or alter any or all the rules governing
this scheme and such altered or additional rules shall be immediately
thereafter be deemed to be binding on all depositors.
The amount deposited in the Cash Waqf A/Cs will be invested as per
Banks own decision in conformity with the Shariah and the Cash Waqf
amount will earn profit at the highest rate offered by the Bank from time
to time. The waqf amount will remain intact and only the profit amount
32
will be spent for the purpose(s) specified by the Waqif. Unspent profit
amount will automatically be added to waqf amount and earn profit to
be grown over the time. No cheque book will be issued in this account.
Waqif may also instruct the Bank to spend the entire profit for the
purpose specified by him/her.
Waqif shall also have the right to give standing instruction to the bank
for regular realization of cash waqf at a rate specified by him/her from
any other A/C maintained with SIBL.
Bank however reserves the right to regret to open any Cash Waqf
Account.
3.10.3 Cards:
3.10.3.1 Credit Card:
About SIBL VISA Islamic Credit Card:
33
In today's modern world Credit Card is a very extensively used mode of financial
transaction and it is widely known as Plastic Money. It has created an immense
impact in the life of the people all over the world. The same trend is being followed in
Bangladesh too. Nowadays the popularity of Islamic Credit Cards in Bangladesh Is
growing by leaps and bounds as domestic and foreign banks are earning substantial
profit through this product. An increased use of both local Dual Currency Islamic
Credit Card is taking place side by side with the expansion of personal banking
services. Cross-border business and travels are also helping the expansion. SIBL is
always willing to offer new and Islami Shariah compliant financial products to its
clients. Though SIBL is making late entrance in the card market, still we are planning
to complete significantly with other issuers.
1. SIBL Credit Cards:
As per Islamic Banking Guidelines, Bai-Murabha means buying goods and services ans
selling it to the customers with markup profit. It can be sold to the customers against
full payment at the time of sale or installment payment in future date. SIBL Visa
Islamic Credit Card will be issued under Bai-Murabha mode of Investment. Yearly
27% Mark-up Profit will be charged with the purchase price og Goods and Services.
Other charges will be as per slandered of existing Card Market of Bangladesh.
Types of Cards:
VISA Local Classic
VISA Gold Classic
VISA Classic Dual
VISA Gold Dual
Features:
Shariah Complaint
Competitive profit charge
Dual Currency facility
Balanced Transfer facility up to 90% of Card limit
Usable at all Merchants and ATMs that display the VISA logo
International Roaming facility
24/7 hours customer services help desk
34
35
(IT 88) which gross yesrly income before deduction and which is divided by
twelve to arrive at GMI and will be also calculated on the basis of judgment.
Exceptions:
For renowned businessman, high Govt. Officials only visiting card will be
applicable to support the aforesaid criteria.
Additional Income:
Rental Income, Spouse Income
Required Documents:
Filled Application Form
2 copies of passport size photographs
Salary Certificate
TIN Certificate
Lien of MTDR
Trade License of businessman
Bank Statement (last 6 months)
Utility Bill (Gas/Electricity/Mobile Phone Bill/Land Phone Bill)
Copy of Passport/National ID
Photocopy of passport from 1 to 7 pages including endorsement pages if any.
Other bank's card bill (if applicable)
Deed of Partnership/Memorandum and Article of Association
2. Visa Islamic Credit Card (Dual):
Local and foreign currency in same plastic.
Is accepted at any VISA and Q-cash merchant outlets around the country and
over 24 million VISA outlets worldwide.
All foreign currency transactions will be converted to US Dollars.
Issued under Personal travel Quota, RFCD Quota and ERQ entitlement.
Any amount up to 90% of credit limit is available to you as cash from any Local
and foreign VISA ATMs
36
Any amount up to 90% of credit card limit BDT can be transferred to MSD
account with SIBL by fund transfer
Roaming bill of cell phone is payable through SIBL Dual Credit card
Ecommerce transaction can be executed by SIBL VISA Islamic Dual Credit
Card
3. Visa Islamic Credit Card (Local):
Is accepted at any VISA and Q-cash merchant outlets around the country
Any amount up to 90% of credit limit is available to you as cash from any ATM
displaying the VISA logo & Q-Cash logo.
Any amount up to 90% of credit card limit can be transferred to MSD account
with SIBL by fund transfer
3.10.3.2 SIBL Zameel Debit Card:
A debit card (also known as a bank card or check card) is plastic cart that provides the
cardholder electronic access to his or her bank account(s) at a financial institution.
Some cards have a stored value with which a payment is made, while most relay a
message to the cardholders bank to withdraw funds from a designated account in favor
of the payees designated bank account. The card can be used as an alternative payment
method to cash when making purchases. An electronic card issued by a bank which
allows bank clients access to their withdraw cash or pay for goods and services. This
removes the need for bank clients to go to the bank to remove cash from their account
as they can now just go to an ATM or pay electronically at merchant locations. This
type of card, as a form of payment, also removes the need for checks as the debit card
immediately transfers money from the clients account to the business account.
A card issued by a bank that combines the functions of an ATM card checks.
A debit card can be used withdraw cash at a bank like an ATM cart, and it can
also be used at stores to pay for goods and services in place of a check.
Unlike a credit card, a debit card automatically withdraws money from your
checking account at the time of the transaction.
SIBL VISA Electron:
Visa Electron cards are issued against customers account maintained with any of our
branches. Cards are issued against the following accounts:
37
38
39
Opportunity:
There is a great opportunity to take new dimension of banking such as Islamic banking,
specialized banking. Otherwise, there are many sectors where this can give special
privileges. The credit facility offered by Social Islami Bank has attracted security and
status conscious businessmen as well as service holders with higher income group.
Threats:
The emergence of several private and foreign banks within the past few years
offering similar services with less or free charge for the facilities can be a major
threat for the bank.
Social Islami Bank. Sometimes the restrictions impose barrier in the normal
operations and policies of the bank.
Rival banks easily copy the product offering of SIBL. Therefore, this bank is in
continuous progress of product innovation to gain temporary advantages over
its competitors.
Sometime political loans are the threat for this banking service.
40
CHAPTER - 04
41
42
from skilled labor and piecework towards the more modern of assembly lines and
hourly wages. The initial use of scientific management by industries greatly increased
productivity because workers were forced to work at a faster pace. However, workers
became exhausted and dissatisfied, thus leaving researchers with new questions to
answer regarding job satisfaction. It should also be noted that the work of W.L. Bryan,
Walter Dill Scott, and Hugo Munsterberg set the tone for Taylors work.
Some argue that Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, a motivation theory, laid the
foundation for job satisfaction theory. This theory explains that people seek to satisfy
five specific needs in life physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem
needs, and self-actualization. This model served as a good basis from which early
researchers could develop job satisfaction theories.
Job satisfaction can also be seen within the broader context of the range of issues which
affect an individuals experience of work, or their quality of working life. Job
satisfaction can be understood in terms of its relationships with other key factors, such
as general well-being, stress at work, control at work, home-work interface, and
working conditions.
43
44
like and think positively of their supervisor are more likely to communicate and
are satisfied with their job and work environment. The relationship of a
subordinate with their supervisor is a very important aspect in the workplace.
Therefore, a supervisor who uses nonverbal immediacy, friendliness, and open
communication lines is more willing to receive positive feedback and high job
satisfaction from a subordinate where as a supervisor who is antisocial,
unfriendly, and unwilling to communicate will naturally receive negative
feedback and very low job satisfaction from their subordinates in the workplace.
Emotions: Mood and emotions form the affective element of job satisfaction.
Moods tend to be longer lasting but often weaker states of uncertain origin,
while emotions are often more intense, short-lived and have a clear object or
cause. There is some evidence in the literature that moods are related to overall
job satisfaction. Positive and negative emotions were also found to be
significantly related to overall job satisfaction. Frequency of experiencing net
positive emotion will be a better predictor of overall job satisfaction than will
intensity of positive emotion when it is experienced. Emotion work refers to
various types of efforts to manage emotional states and displays. Emotion
management includes all of the conscious and unconscious efforts to increase,
maintain, or decrease one or more components of an emotion. Although early
studies of the consequences of emotional work emphasized its harmful effects
on workers, studies of workers in a variety of occupations suggest that the
consequences of emotional work are not uniformly negative. It was found that
suppression of unpleasant emotions decreases job satisfaction and the
amplification of pleasant emotions increases job satisfaction. The understanding
of how emotion regulation relates to job satisfaction concerns two models:
Emotional dissonance Emotional dissonance is a state of discrepancy between
public displays of emotions and internal experiences of emotions that often
follows the process of emotion regulation. Emotional dissonance is associated
with high emotional exhaustion, low organizational commitment, and low job
satisfaction. Social interaction model taking the social interaction perspective,
workers emotion regulation might beget responses from others during
interpersonal encounters that subsequently impact their own job satisfaction.
45
46
47
expectations are/arent met. When a person values a particular facet of a job, his
satisfaction is more greatly impacted both positively (when expectations are met) and
negatively (when expectations are not met), compared to one who doesnt value that
facet. To illustrate, if Employee A values autonomy in the workplace and Employee B
is indifferent about autonomy, then Employee A would be more satisfied in a position
that offers a high degree of autonomy and less satisfied in a position with little or no
autonomy compared to Employee B. This theory also states that too much of a
particular facet will produce stronger feelings of dissatisfaction the more a worker
values that facet.
A significant model that narrowed the scope of the Dispositional Theory was the Core
Self-evaluations Model, proposed by Timothy A. Judge, Edwin A. Locke, and Cathy C.
Durham in 1997.[5] Judge et al. argued that there are four Core Self-evaluations that
determine ones disposition towards job satisfaction: self-esteem, general self-efficacy,
locus of control, and neuroticism. This model states that higher levels of self-esteem
(the value one places on his/her self) and general self-efficacy (the belief in ones own
competence) lead to higher work satisfaction.
Motivation can be seen as an inner force that drives individuals to attain personal and
organizational goals (Hoskinson, Porter, & Wrench, p. 133). Motivating factors are
those aspects of the job that make people want to perform, and provide people with
satisfaction, for example achievement in work, recognition, promotion opportunities.
These motivating factors are considered to be intrinsic to the job, or the work carried
out. Hygiene factors include aspects of the working environment such as pay, company
policies, supervisory practices, and other working conditions.
The Job in General Index is an overall measurement of job satisfaction. It is an
improvement to the Job Descriptive Index because the JDI focuses too much on
individual facets and not enough on work satisfaction in general.
48
correlation, corrected for research artifacts and unreliability, was r = 0.30. Further, the
meta-analysis found that the relationship between satisfaction and performance can be
moderated by job complexity, such that for high-complexity jobs the correlation
between satisfaction and performance is higher ( = 0.52) than for jobs of low to
moderate complexity ( = 0.29). Job Satisfaction also has high relationship with
intention to quit. It is found in much research that Job Satisfaction can lead to Intention
to Stay / quit in an organization (Kim et al., 1996). Recent research has also shown that
Intention to Quit can have effect like poor performance orientation, organizational
deviance, and poor organizational citizenship behaviors. In short, the relationship of
satisfaction to productivity is not necessarily straightforward and can be influenced by
a number of other work-related constructs, and the notion that a happy worker is a
productive worker should not be the foundation of organizational decision-making.
With regard to job performance, employee personality may be more important than job
satisfaction. The link between job satisfaction and performance is thought to be a
spurious relationship; instead, both satisfaction and performance are the result of
personality.
49
policies and practices, and promotion chance. The eight variables contain in the factor
salary are: satisfied with present salary, bank is sympathetic to the officers view, bank
appreciates performance, satisfied with increment allocation method, income is higher
than other banks, satisfied with the chances of promotion, satisfied with the welfare
facilities, and satisfied with the chances of income increase. Hence, the policy makers
in the banking sector in Bangladesh should give greater importance on these variables
concerning salary, company policies and practices, and chance for promotion to
increase job satisfaction of the officers.
The second important factor is efficiency in work that accounts for 9.37% of the
variance and it broadly covers areas of job satisfaction including job security,
supervision, and supportive colleagues. The variables are namely, not lose job if
worked efficiently, immediate supervisor is reasonable, satisfied with the recognition
by colleagues, and superior encourages suggestions for improvement. The other six
factors are almost equal in their ability to account for the variation of level of job
satisfaction with comparatively low exigent values.
4.6 Impact of Bank type, work experience, age and sex Differences on
Job Satisfaction:
Previous researchers have found relationships between job satisfaction and age, sex,
(Pugliesi, 1995; Cheung and Scherling, 1999) and work experience (Steffy and Jones,
1990). In this section, the impacts of bank type, work experience, gender, and age on
the attitudes, rather than factors, toward job satisfaction of bank officers is assessed.
This has been done with a view to obtaining more insights on the impact. The results
shows that the variables recovery significantly with the type of bank public and
private. It means that there is a variation in the level of job satisfaction of bank officers
depending on the type of bank in Bangladesh In other words; type of bank is a
significant explanatory variable for the job satisfaction level. Fourteen job satisfaction
variables, broadly representing the areas of company policies and practices, salaries and
facilities, opportunities for promotion, and relationship between union and
management, are significantly related to the bank type. Work experience has the second
most importance on four variables taken in the study (job gives chances to do things
felt best, satisfied with increment allocation method, income is higher than other banks,
and would not leave job if similar job offer to other organization). These variables
confirm a significant relationship with experience of bank officers. These relationships
50
broadly indicate that experience affects the areas of job satisfaction including policies
and practices (job gives chances to do things felt best and satisfied with increment
allocation method), salary and facilities (income is higher than other banks), and to the
company (would not leave job if similar job offer to other organization). It could be
explained that officers with higher experience hold higher level of work freedom, have
more financial and non- financial benefits, are more familiar with organizational
policies and practices, and have greater loyalty to the bank. Sex and age differences
have relatively lower level of impact on the entire set of variables, which are
manifested through the significance of bank is sympathetic to officers views and
banks policy is to overdrive workers to get the maximum respectively in the test. Sex
differences have only impact on the banks sympathy to the officers views, while age
differences leave impact on banks policy to overdrive workers to get the maximum.
Sex differences in particular could be described as an interesting issue in the socioeconomic context of Bangladesh. It is generally viewed that female employees are
somewhat neglected in their work places and consequently, they are prone to a
relatively lower level of job satisfaction. This study defies this view endorsing almost
no sex discrimination in the female bank officers. Age differences of bank officers have
also negligible impact on the full set of variables of job satisfaction. None of the
interactions from these four factors bank type, work experience, sex, and age - was
found significant.
51
CHAPTER - 05
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Chapter Overview
Methodology
Research Design
Research Approach
Research Instruments
Data Collection
Data Collection Procedure
Data Analysis Procedures
52
5.0 Methodology:
Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate
to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of
knowledge. Methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for
method in scientific and technical contexts. Methodology is a system of precise rules
and procedures on which research is based and against which claims for knowledge and
evaluation. This method is neither closed nor flawless. Rather the rules and measures
are constantly being improved (David Nachmias, 1992).
53
54
55
CHAPTER - 06
Chapter Overview
Analysis
Interpretation of the Data
56
6.0 Analysis:
The present study deals with the three issues to analyze the job satisfaction of bank
officers in Bangladesh. The issues are:
(i) The relative importance of job satisfaction factors;
(ii) The impact of bank type, work experience, age and sex differences on the attitudes
toward job satisfaction. It also investigates the impacts of bank type, work experience,
age, and sex differences on the attitudes toward job Satisfaction.
The result shows that salary, efficiency in work, fringe supervision, and co-worker
relation are the most important factors contributing to job satisfaction. Work experience
is found as the second most important factor affecting job satisfaction. Sex and age
differences have relatively lower level of impact on it. The overall job satisfaction of
the bank officers is at the positive level.
Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
16
16
16
Neutral
15
60
60
76
Agree
20
20
96
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
12
12
12
Disagree
20
20
32
Neutral
10
40
40
72
Agree
20
20
92
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
57
Strongly Disagree
12
12
12
Disagree
16
16
28
Neutral
12
48
48
76
Agree
20
20
96
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
4. A job in which greater responsibility is given to those who do the best Work.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
10
40
40
40
Agree
10
40
40
80
Strongly Agree
20
20
100
Total
25
100
100
5. A job in which greater responsibility is given to loyal employees who have the
most seniority.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
10
40
40
48
Agree
20
20
68
Strongly Agree
32
32
100
Total
25
100
100
6. A job in which you are not allowed any say whatever in how your work is
scheduled, or in the procedures to be used in carrying it out.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
12
12
12
Neutral
10
40
40
52
Agree
32
32
84
Strongly Agree
16
16
100
Total
25
100
100
58
20
80
80
80
Disagree
88
Neutral
12
12
100
Agree
100
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
8. A job with a supervisor who is often very critical of you and your work in front
of other people.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
20
80
80
80
Disagree
88
Neutral
12
12
100
Agree
100
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
9. A job, which prevents you from using a number of skills that you, worked
develop.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
20
80
80
80
Disagree
88
Neutral
12
12
100
Agree
100
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
10. A job with a supervisor who respects you and treats you fairly.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
10
40
40
40
59
Agree
10
40
40
80
Strongly Agree
20
20
100
Total
25
100
100
11. A job which provides constant new and interesting opportunities for you to
learn.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
15
60
60
60
Agree
32
32
92
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
12. A job where there is a real chance you could be laid off.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
20
80
80
80
Disagree
88
Neutral
12
12
100
Agree
100
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
13. A job in which there is a real chance for you to develop new skills and advance
in the organization.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
12
12
12
Neutral
10
40
40
52
Agree
32
32
84
Strongly Agree
16
16
100
Total
25
100
100
14. A job which provides lots of vacation time and an excellent fringe benefit
package.
60
Disagree
Neutral
15
60
60
60
Agree
32
32
92
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
15. A job with little freedom and independence to do your work in the way you
think best.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
10
40
40
40
Agree
10
40
40
80
Strongly Agree
20
20
100
Total
25
100
100
Disagree
12
12
12
Neutral
10
40
40
52
Agree
32
32
84
Strongly Agree
16
16
100
Total
25
100
100
Disagree
Neutral
15
60
60
60
Agree
36
36
96
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
61
Disagree
11
44
44
44
Neutral
10
40
40
84
Agree
16
16
100
Strongly Agree
100
Total
25
100
100
19. A job which allows you to use your skills and abilities to the fullest extent.
Frequency Percentage % Valid Percentage % Cumulative Percentage %
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
10
40
40
40
Agree
10
40
40
80
Strongly Agree
20
20
100
Total
25
100
100
62
CHAPTER - 07
FINDING, RECOMMENDATIONS
&
CONCLUSION
Chapter Overview
Finding
Recommendations
Conclusion
63
6.0 Findings:
Job satisfaction is the total of the sentiments related with the job conducted. If
the worker perceives that his/her values are realized within the job, s/he
improvises a positive attitude towards his/her job and acquires job satisfaction
(Mc Cormic and Tiffin 1974:74). I heard a story that Mr. X worked in a
multinational company with a good designation.
As he works a multinational company so his salary, compensation and benefits
are global standard. He get a lot of facilities from rising to bed in the morning
to before going to bed at night. Now a million dollar question, Is he satisfied?"
After analysis and interpreting the data I tried to find that why the employees
are satisfied and why not?
SIBL is a private bank. So, the employees are getting more salary rather
than
the
nationalized
commercial
banks.
So,
from
this
view
the
keep
the
employees
motivated,
incentives,
performance
reward,
64
banking
sector
some
employees
have
opportunity
to
upgrade
period.
dissatisfied sometimes.
The accountants job is very important to the organization. They do a lot of
work from the day start to closing. I think one employee work on the
behalf of two peoples. Sometimes they feel stress that is harmful for them.
The job security of the SIBL is very rich. The employees never feel anxious
during their working period. Because the chance of being laid off is low,
except a major fault no employees can be laid off. The employees strongly
agree that they feel secured of their job.
We are the human being. Our mood and emotions while working are the raw materials
which cumulate to form the affective element of job satisfaction. Moods tend to
be longer lasting but often weaker states of uncertain origin, while emotions are
often more intense, short-lived and have a clear object or cause. There is some
evidence in the literature that state moods are related to overall job satisfaction
Positive and negative emotions were also found to be significantly related to
overall job satisfaction frequency of experiencing net positive emotion will be a
better predictor of overall job satisfaction than will intensity of positive emotion
when it is experienced Emotion regulation and emotion labor are also related to
job satisfaction. In SIBL I found that employees got satisfaction in some matters
and also dissatisfaction in some maters. So we can say that Employees don't get
full satisfaction in their job.
65
6.1 Recommendation:
The employees must be motivated when they do something good and creative.
The salary should be revising by the management of SIBL.
Their jobs should be mentioned more frequently.
Link between Customer Service Officers and Customer Service Manager
should be easier Up to date banking software should be used to give batter
service to the customers.
In addition, with the present services they should include more services. It is
badly needed to provide more services to the customer in order to compete in
the market.
Internal conflict among the employees should be mitigating.
Officials whom are involved in Customer Services should be trained properly.
Because some time they cannot give proper suggestions to the customer queries.
There are some benefit package having SIBL but it has no practice in real view.
That benefit package can be increase the satisfaction of the employee. So it
should be practice earlier.
66
6.3 Conclusions:
This study will finds the overall employees job satisfaction of Social Islami Bank
Limited. However, the job satisfaction of bank officers is significantly dependent upon
salary, efficiency in work, fringe benefit, supervision quality, and co-worker relations.
The remaining three factors, leadership style, loyalty to bank, and work ability do not
have significant statistical evidence to improve the job satisfaction of bank officers.
Bank type is found to be the most relevant with the bank officers job satisfaction in
comparison to work experience, age, and sex differences. The happier people are within
their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. Job satisfaction is not the same as
motivation, although it is clearly linked. Job design aims to enhance job satisfaction
and performance; methods include job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment.
Other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee
involvement, empowerment and autonomous work groups. Job satisfaction is a very
important attribute which is frequently measured by organizations.
67
Appendix-1
The Questionnaires for SIBL Employees
SECTION: A
Your age:
______________________________
Your gender:
_____________________________
SSC:
HSC:
Bachelors:
Masters:
68
SECTION: B
JOB SATISFACTION SCALE
Complete the following questionnaire by filling the answer that best describes your
feelings about each statement. For each item, put your response according to the
following:
5=
4=
3=
2=
1=
QUESTIONS RANKINGS
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
QUESTIONS
A job where the pay is very good
A job where there is considerable is creative and
innovative.
A job where you are often required to make
important decisions.
A job in which greater responsibility is given to
those who do the best Work.
A job in which greater responsibility is given to
loyal employees who have the most seniority.
A job in an organization which is in to financial
trouble-and might have to close down within the
SA A
SD
(5)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(1)
year.
Jobs in which you are not allowed any say
7
10
people.
A job, which prevents you from using a number
69
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
70
Bibliography
71
Abbreviations
AOF
ATM
BAL
BFS
BIBM
BSSM
BFS
BCA
BIL
BDT.
Bangladesh Taka.
CIB
CC
Credit Card
DP Note
DBR
EVSA
EMI
FDR
FCY
Foreign Currency.
GBP
GB
General Banking.
OD
Over Draft
72
OSA
PL
Personal Loan
PFC
PDC
PIN
RMG
STD
SOD
TP
Transaction Profile
TIN
UDC
Undated Cheque.
VAT
WEDB
73