Primary Sources Allen, Paula Gunn, and Patricia Clark Smith.

As Long As the Rivers Flow: The Stories of Nine Native Americans. Scholastic Canada, Limited, 2001. Print. I used this to understand actual points of views from Native Americans themselves. Living in the society I am today, its quite hard understanding how they feel towards how their ancestors and family were treated.

Beecher, Lyman. "A Plea for the West." 2nd Ed (1835). Print. This primary source was used to understand from the White's point of view on Manifest Destiny. It lacked a lot of dense information but I was able to obtain a brief overview.

Bernholz, Charles D. "Citation Abuse And Legal Writing: A Note On The Treaty Of Fort Laramie With Sioux, Etc., 1851 And 11 Stat. 749." Legal Reference Services Quarterly 29.2 (2010): Web. 1 Nov. 2013. This source provided with a slightly less broad context about the topic, but provided with a specific time and treaty that the Indians dealt directly with the American government, which is a good range of context.

Birds Eye View of Battlefield at Wounded Knee S. D. Looking North / Copyrighted by the North Western Photo Co, Chadron Neb. Web. 6 Sept. 2013. This was an actual image taken from the massacre site. You could see people frozen/dead in the snow which really showed how brutal this event was in American and Native American history.

Birds Eye View of the Battle Field at Wounded Knee S.D., Dec. 1890. Web. 6 Sept. 2013. Another photograph from the battle scene at a different angle taken at the actual time after the massacre.

Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West. Open Road Media, 2012. Print. This image was also very moving and depicts how violent the situation was.

Burch, John. "Wounded Knee: Party Politics And The Road To An American Massacre." Library Journal 135.7 (2010): 93.MasterFILE Premier. This review provided with an analysis on a book that was written on the Wounded Knee massacre, which was about the history and the context of the event. This review was helpful because it helped to provide with an extra point of view of an outside source that critically analyzed the events of Wounded Knee.

Declaration of Independence sec.1, <p2>. Print. This paragraph provided the quotation all men are created equal, which proves on the basis that African Americans deserved the same rights that the Americans have. This provided us with the basis of the argument that the the African American and Native American rights were being violated with the events that lead up to the massacre during the massacre itself. Dorsey, James Owen. "An Encounter between Omaha Hunters and White Squatters in Iowa." The Cegiha Language (1853). Print.

This journal entry provided me information about Native American culture and interactions between the whites. It was very brief and didnt provide much specific quotes from that time.

Eli Ricker Interviews Wounded Knee Survivors. Web. 11 Sept. 2013. This source was a collection of journal entries from a newspaper editor interviewing a survivor of the massacre. This gave me an in-depth analysis of what actually happened from a first eye-witness who was there. It gave me a better understanding of the specifics of how people died and who fired at who.

Exhibit: Black Hills Treaty. Web. 6 Sept. 2013. This source was an scanned copy of the treaty signed to protect the Black Hills reservation. I used it to analyze what the government agreed to give the Native Americans. Frazier, Danny W. Buffalo Kill. 1890. Photograph. Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This photograph shows the buffalo population that was being killed by the Indians and shows the importance of the buffalo in the Indian culture. This was useful because we were going to consider to use this in our website because of the fact th at the buffalo was such an important part of the Indians history and culture.

Frazier, Danny W. Lakota Traditions. 2009. Photograph. Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This photograph depicts a boy that is holding a bow and arrow trying to maintain the traditions of the Lakota peoples by hunting. This was helpful because we were able to tell that the Lakota peoples after the battle of Wounded Knee wanted to continue the traditions of the people that were killed in the Wounded Knee massacre.

Frazier, Danny W. Mass Grave. 1890. Photograph. Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This picture displays the graves of the people that were killed in the Wounded Knee massacre after years and years after the victims have been properly buried. This helps us because we were able to put this picture in a gallery on an impact page that shows the after affects of the killing, and the amount of mass murder that went on. Just because the amount of graves in the picture.

Frazier, Danny W. Races. 1890. Photograph. Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This picture shows a tradition of the Lakota people racing horses. This helped us because we used the picture to display the traditions that the Lakota people lost when the Battle of Wounded Knee and helped to show a social change within the Indian peoples.

Frazier, Danny W. Wikuchela Waters. 2009. Photograph. Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This picture shows a baby that is sleeping in an Indian reservation showing the effects that Wounded Knee had on the Indian peoples. This was useful for use in our project because it helped us to analyze the effects of the the massacre and where the Indians found refuge after the massacre.

FULLER, ALEXANDRA. "IN THE SHADOW OF WOUNDED KNEE. (Cover Story)." National Geographic 222.2 (2012) This source goes over the Lakota Indians and they effect that they had to the Indian peoples during this period in time proving useful in showing us the importance of the Lakota peoples decision on the land bargaining that impacted the Americans decision to reconsider bargaining for land with them

Felton, Herbert. 1891. Photograph. Hulton Archive, Pine Ridge, SD. Image Collection. Web. This source showed what the setting and environment was like after the massacre took place. It was a great source from the direct location of where the massacre happened and we were able to incorporate that to depict the scene to our audience.

Flood, John. "The Battle Of The Rosebud, A To Z." Wild West 26.2 (2013): 52. MasterFILE Premier. Print. This source was helpful because it gave the name of the General that lead the U.S cavalry men to fire upon the Native Americans, and gave his side of the story as to why the Americans fired upon the Indians. The periodical also analyzes the Generals action, which was helpful for us to easier understand all the reasons why the General gave the order to fire.

France, Agence. Four Federal Troops Stand Blocking the Road to Wounded Knee. 1973. Photograph. Getty, South Dakota. This photo depicts some of the events that happened after the massacre of Wounded Knee and provided with the effects of the event.

Frazier, Danny W. "Artist's Statement: Danny Wilcox Frazier." Overview. Facing History, 2012. This overview provided with a story of the aftermath of the wounded knee massacre and provided with an extra piece of context on the event. This also gave us another story on the event and gave us more information on the points of view of the Wounded Knee mssacre.

Gast, John. American Progress. 1872. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. By Georger A. Crofutt. Web. This painting was created to depict the the term Manifest Destiny. I used it to illustrate that image to viewers so theyd understand the American expansion westwards.

Getty. A Lone Soldier on the Battlefield of 'Wounded Knee. 1890. Photograph. Getty, South Dakota. This shows a man on the battlefield after the battle of Wounded Knee finished.

Getty. A Poster Commemorating the Massacre of Wounded Knee. 1973. Photograph. Getty, South Dakota. This picture shows a propaganda poster that was used to keep up the spirits of the Indians that were affected during by the battle.

Greenberg, Amy S. Manifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: BEDFORD/ST. MARTIN'S, 2012. Print. This source was very effective; it had many perspectives on the westward expansion of America.

The Hotchkiss Gun Was Fired into the Sioux Camp at Wounded Knee Creek Hot Gun. 1890. Photograph. Wounded Knee. Education Portal. Web. This photograph shows what the Lakota were faced with. You can feel the fear they would fear if you were face to face with the weaponry in this photo.

Hulton Archive. Indian Fighters American Scout and Indian Fighter. 1891. Photograph. Getty, South Dakota. This pictures shows us that the Americans were very apprehensive about trusting the Indians.

Hines, Randy. "Pressing The Issue At Wounded Knee." Wild West 23.4 (2010): 28-36. History Reference Center. This article provided with more information with the wounded knee massacre and the events that happened during the massacre, providing us with more information on how the bodies were cleaned after the massacre and the reasons that the Americans waited so long to clean up the dead bodies. This also goes over what happened to the African Americans that lived after the Wounded Knee massacre occurred. Henretta, James A., Rebecca Edwards, and Robert O. Self. "Chapter 16 Conquering a Contient." America's History. Seventh ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2011. 518-19. Print. This is the book that was issued to us for use in our US history class and we were able to use this book for many parts of our website. It helped to give a broad explanation of the Battle of Wounded Knee and the events that lead up to and followed the massacre. This book also helped to develop our understanding of the Ghost Dance Movement and was also a useful resource in creating the map with the spread of the movement.

Lakota Sioux-Ghost Dance Rituals. 1880. Photograph. Education Portal. Web. This photograph showed how devoted the Natives were to this Ghost Dance and how much they believed in it. Many of them danced non-stop and many fell to the floor dead. We used

this photograph in our website to show how resilient the Native Americans were in believing that they could bring back their culture and get rid of the whites who steered them off their rightful land.

Murrin, John M. Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People. Third ed. Australia: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2002. Print. This book is an overview of the history of the American people starting from the formation the United States to the modern day of America. The book helped us to develop understanding on the Indian removal act and provided with an context to help us understand the importance of the movement of Indian people in the United States.

Mass Graves after the Battle of Wounded Knee. 1890. Photograph. Library of Congress, This picture depicts the true devastation that happened during the battle, with a good display how exactly the Indians that died were buried in a mass grave.

McCoy, Kirk. Russell Means,. 1890. Photograph. Los Angeles Times, South Dakota. This is a picture from one of one of the survivors of the battle of Wounded Knee.

Ostler, Jeffrey. "Wounded Knee: Party Politics And The Road To An American Massacre." Journal Of American History 97.4 (2011): 1090-1092. This book provided information on the the politics that lead up to the massacre and the effects that it had on the African American community. This helped to provide with context

the political events that happened before the massacre and what made the African American angered because of what happened to them.

Paul, Eli. "First Shots In The First Sioux War." Wild West 18.4 (2005): 22-28. History Reference Center. Print. This article was very useful because it provided with a lot of context on the first confrontation that the Lakota Indians had with the American peoples, showing us why the Indians had such a hatred to the Americans. This article also gave us crucial information to the start of the conflict between the Indians and Americans strictly following the story of the Indians.

Poster for the Stand at Wounded Knee.Photograph. Library of Congress. This photo shows that the Indians do not want anything to happen at Wounded Knee again. Showing us the resentment that the Indians had to the Americans for what they had done to them the first time not wanting that same thing happen to them.

Phillips, Charles. "December 29, 1890." American History 40.5 (2005): 16. MasterFILE Premier. This article explains the events that happened to the Sioux people when they were fired upon by the American people, explaining what exactly happened to cause the Americans to fire on the Indians and the way that the Indians reacted. This helped to give us to better understand the story of the Americans to figure out why they fired upon the Indian people.

Pohl, Frances K. Framing America: A Social History of American Art. Second ed. New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2008. Print.

This book developed an understanding of the Ghost Dance movement and the areas where the movement spread and helped to develop a map view of the spread of the Ghost Dance Movement.

Wounded Knee Indian Occupation Pamphlet. Photograph. Michigan State University Library. This photo shows the recruiting pamphlet for the settlers of Wounded Knee.

Secondary Sources 29. Manifest Destiny." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 2009. Web. 9 Oct. 2013. This source was an article about Manifest Destiny. I used it for a brief summary to better my understanding of what Manifest Destiny was about A Sad Anniversary for Native Americans. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This article was useful in that it gave me information on the conflicts that led up to the Wounded Knee Incident and how the situation all went down. It also explained how that incident still affects Native Americans today which reflects rights violations.

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee. Goodreads. Web. 27 Aug. 2013. This book was a great source and provided a different perspective. I used it to analyze the governments attempt in relocating the Indians and destroying their culture and religion.

Chronology - Wounded Knee Massacre. Web. 13 Sept. 2013.

I used this source to help verify dates and when certain events took place. It was a very reliable source because I was able to confirm with multiple sources when, where and how certain events took place

Confronting the Past on the Anniversary of the Massacre at Wounded Knee: Why It Matters ICTMN.com. Web. 16 Sept. 2013. This particular source helped me understand why this was an important event in the past and why it is a greatly respected landmark.

Episode 5 Wounded Knee. Film. We Shall Remain. This source had people who were actually a part of the Wounded Knee Incident and explained their experience. The video not only helped me understand what happened in the siege but gave me insight to the frustration the Lakota had in the past and during that time.

FULLER, ALEXANDRA. "IN THE SHADOW OF WOUNDED KNEE. (Cover Story). National Geographic 222.2 (2012) Web. 1 Nov. 2013. This article provided with a long term effect of the Siouxs life after the the events of the The Battle of Wounded Knee. This helped to give some information on the emotions that the Sioux felt after the event had occurred.

Hines, Randy. "Pressing The Issue At Wounded Knee."Wild West 23.4 (2010): 28.Web. 31 Oct. 2013.

This source provided with reasonable amount context that helped me understand the events that preceded the events of wounded knee and the lasting impacts on the Sioux Indians because of the battle.

"Indian-Art." Rituals, Beliefs and Customs of Native American Culture. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. Another source I used for understanding Native American culture. It wasnt very in-depth but provided a good reference to clear up any confusion.

Koster, John. "Desperate Flight From The Little Bighorn. (Cover Story)." Wild West 26.1 (2013): 30. Web. 1 Nov. 2013. This article helped to provide with information about the last major battle that occurred before the Battle of Wounded Knee, it also gave some context as to why the Sioux peoples are fighting the American people.

"Lakota Indians." Indians.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This website gave information about the Lakota tribes today to show the SPICE effects of the Wounded Knee Massacre and it's long term effects.

Lakota Society...Wounded Knee Incident. The Lodge of ungmanitu-Ina...A Tribute to the Oglala Lakota People. Web. 30 Aug. 2013. I used this source to gather information about the Wounded Knee Incident and what caused it.

Lalire, Gregory. "Wounded Knee Memories." Wild West 17.2 (2004): 6. History Reference Center. Web. 31 Oct. 2013. This source provided an account of the Battle of Wounded Knee after the battle. This was a bad source for use in the project because the account was not written by an Indian and provided a completely biased opinion on the Indians.

Langley, Andrew. "Massacre At Wounded Knee." Wild West (1-59084-458-0). 44. US: Mason Crest Publishers, 2003.History Reference Center. Web. 2 Jan. 2014.

Lone Hill, Karen D. "Sioux." Encyclopedia of North American Indians (Houghton Mifflin). 590-593. US: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 1996. Web. 1 Nov. 2013. This article was a good source because it gave the information in a broad sense talking about the history of the peoples and the impact that they made in the history of Indians.

Massacre At Wounded Knee, 1890. Web. 6 Sept. 2013. This article had pictures and quotes from the actual massacre in which I used to understand the situation the Lakota were in and what caused the locals to bring the U.S. army to investigate.

McCormick, Anita Louise. Native Americans and the Reservation in American History. Enslow Publishers, 1996. Print. This book helped me understand the Ghost Dance which was a religious movement that inflicted the massacre.

Michno, Gregory. "The Indian Trail Of Broken Treaties." Wild West 19.2 (2006): 38.Web. 1 Nov. 2013 This source gave a broad context for the events that happened before the battle of Wounded Knee. It gave examples from other Indian tribes about how they dealt with white men and the government, and provided with a good context of why the Indians were so hostile toward the white men.

Mooney, James. Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1891. Rep. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1891. PBS. PBS. Web. 31 Oct. 2013. This source was credible and was an excellent primary source. I used quotes from the Sioux themselves to analyze the tone of the feelings towards this massacre.

My Son, Pass by Me... Web. 6 Sept. 2013. This particular source had many journal entries from a survivor along with quotes from people who survived and witnessed the killing of many troops and Natives.

National Park Service - Soldier and Brave (Wounded Knee Battlefield). Web. 16 Sept. 2013. I used this article to show the effect of how powerful this massacre was. To this day people still honor and respect the lives lost during this time.

"Native American Clashes with European Settlers." Native American Clashes with European Settlers. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. This website helped me understand the viewpoints of "land" from the Native American perspective. I found this website through an advanced search of archives on ebsco.

"Native Americans (Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee)." YouTube. HBO, 29 Dec. 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This documentary had recreations of the origin of the second Ghost Dance movie and made the event so surreal when Wovoka preached about his vision. I was able to experience the devotion the American Indians had towards this dance, and their determination towards this belief that they could get their way of life back.

Nevada Magazine | Issues | Wovoka. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This article was specific to the Ghost Dance movement which helped me understand how that movement led to the massacre.

Occupy Wounded Knee: A 71-Day Siege and a Forgotten Civil Rights Movement - Emily Chertoff - The Atlantic. Web. 16 Sept. 2013. This source provided facts about the Wounded Knee Incident. It provided images and actual footage of the event and helped me understand what happened and what it was like.

Orange, Tommy. "Ghost Dance - Wodziwob Biography." Ghost Dance. Web. 01 Oct. 2013. There were more than one Ghost Dance movements, this source explained the first movement. It also showed no connection between the two people who started the ritual. It went in depth on the importance and reason for these movements as well.

Ostler, Jeffrey. "Wounded Knee: Party Politics And The Road To An American Massacre." Journal Of American History 97.4 (2011): 1090-1092.. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.

This source provided with a very specific timeline of the events that lead up to the battle of Wounded Knee and a brief overview of what happened after the the battle of wounded knee.

Peterson, Nancy M. "Reporter At Wounded Knee." Wild West 24.4 (2011):42 Web. 31 Oct. 2013. This source was good because it provided with a report on the Battle of Wounded Knee, and provided with key insight information.

Phillips, Charles. "December 29, 1890." American History 40.5 (2005): 16. Web. 1 Nov. 2013. This collection of pictures helped develop a better understanding of the events that lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee, it help us to develop a SOAPSTone on the events at Wounded Knee.

Robertson, Paul M. "Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890." Encyclopedia of North American Indians (Houghton Mifflin). 694-697. US: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 1996. History Reference Center. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. This encyclopedia article gave a great in-depth account of the massacre and what took place. We were able to use this article as a reference while explaining the events prior, during and after the massacre.

Schwartz, Stephanie M. "Life and Conditions on the Pine Ridge Oglala Lakota (Sioux) Reservation of South Dakota." Link Center Foundation, 15 Oct. 2006. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This source was vital in that it gave statistics for the Lakota living today. I used it to show long term SPICE effects of the Massacre.

Smith, Robert, ed. "Memorial and Protest of the Cherokee Nation." The Friend: A Religious and Literary Journal (1836). Print. This source showed Native American resistance and their point of view on land ownership. This source was very useful to help understand how the Natives felt about being stripped from their land.

Short, John Rennie. Cartographic Encounters: Indigenous Peoples and the Exploration of the New World. Reaktion Books, 2009. Print. This book helped me develop an understanding of how the Europeans disrupted the Natives way of life in their search of the New World.

"Sitting Bull's Great Grandson Tells Oral History Film Clip." YouTube. Reelcontact.com, 17 June 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This wasn't directly tied in with the massacre but shows that the Lakota still mourn to this day. The Great Grandson of a well known chief narrates what happened before the 7th Cavalry intercepted Big Foots tribe.

"The Tragedy of Wounded Knee (The Ghost Dance)." YouTube. YouTube, 22 Jan. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Actual photographs and quotes from the massacre were combined with recreations of parts leading up to the event. This documentary was extremely helpful and provided another point of view as to what happened. I also gathered important quotes and key facts. I could also visualize more the pain and struggle the Lakota went through, you could see it in the eyes of the people.

"Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868." Ourdocuments.gov. University of Washington. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This website had the actual treaty promising Black Hills to the Sioux tribes. I found it through ebsco.

UM Finding Aid Template - Woundedkneesa.pdf. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This source showed the documents of the Wounded Knee Survivors Association and their pledge in what they want to accomplish. It helped me understand their purpose and importance in the responsibilities aspect of this whole event. Another primary source I found through ebsco.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Campaign: What Are Human Rights? Definition. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This website had the list of every Human Right entitled to every human born. I used it to base my arguments for the Native Americans and their rights they have as humans even though this declaration wasnt created until decades after the massacre took place.

US History. "40e. The Wounded Knee Massacre." The Wounded Knee Massacre [ushistory.org] . Independence Hall Association, 2009. Web. 27 Dec. 2013. This website was very useful because it gave a brief summary on the coming of the dance and what effects that the dance had on the Sioux, and gave the events that lead to the final battle at wounded knee. (USMS), U. S. Marshals Service. U.S. Marshals Service. Web. 6 Sept. 2013.

This website provided the particular actions the armies took during the Wounded Knee Massacre. It had the specific generals, weapons and even who gave what order.

What Is the American Indian Movement? Web. 6 Sept. 2013. I used this website just to clarify my understanding on what the American Indian Movement was and their role in the Wounded Knee Incident.

Williams, Rachelle Lynn. "First Contact Between American Native Peoples and Europeans." Yahoo Contributor Network. 29 Apr. 2009. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. This source was an evaluation of many articles and primary sources into one of first interactions between Native Americans and Europeans. It helped show how the different views on land led to conflict between the two groups.

The Wounded Knee Massacre [ushistory.org]. Web. 6 Sept. 2013. I used this website for another perspective on what happened during the massacre. There were many eye witnesses and a lot going on during the time so this source helped clarify specific names of chiefs and generals.

Wounded Knee Survivors Assoc.-Testimony. Web. 11 Sept. 2013. This source showed the documents of the Wounded Knee Survivors Association and goals in what they want to accomplish. It helped me understand their purpose and importance in the responsibilities aspect of this whole event. Another primary source I found through ebsco.