URBAN PLANNING

SETTLEMENTS
Period 9000 BC 5500 BC 7000 BC 3000-4000 BC 3000-4000 BC 3000-4000 BC 3000 BC 2500 BC 1900 BC 800 BC BC-AD 700 BC Teotijuacan Dzibilchatun Acropolis polis: city-state Sparta Athens 450-400 BC City of Miletus Roman City Medieval Ages 11th century 15th century New 11th century towns Mercantilist City Ideal City Lenotre for Versailes Kalshure Medieval Era Medieval Organic City Greece Rome Constantinople Sienna, Italy Europe Europe France France Germany America no regular street form boug: military town Vasari G. Maggi landscape architetcure was showcased in palaces and gardens garden Coastal port towns continuous increase in size while the power of feudal lords declined kings achieved unity & display their affluence & power by improving & beautifying their cities regarded as first planned city 3 sections: artisans, farmers, and military adopted greek forms but with different scale roman forum rise of church Greece largest Cities Greece religious & defensive structure up to the hill with no definite geometrical plan Yellow River Valley Land within the passes Beijing Mexico Ming Dynasty Largest cities in this era ring roads Type Neolithic City Neolithic City Neolithic City City in Fertile Crescent City in Fertile Crescent City in Fertile Crescent Location Jericho Khirokitia (Cyprus) Catal Huyuk (Turkey) Eridu Damascus Babylon Thebes & Memphis (Egypt) Mohenjo-Daro Anyang administrative religios center for 40,000 inhabitants largest city in yellow river valley Designers Description well organized community of 3000 people 3 hectares in size & enclosed with a circular stone wall first documented city with streets main street is narrow but with wide terminal Largest Neolithic City with 13 hectares for 10,000 people without streets Oldest City oldest continually inhabited city largest: 80,000 inhabitants characterized by monumental architecture popularly symbolized by the pyramids pyramids Center of Development freshwater

fauborg: citizen's town Medieval Bastide Spanish Law of Indies town English Renaissance European Planned City English Renaissance European Planned City Speculators Town Industrial Revolution Industrial Village New Harmony Brook Farm Une Cite Industrielle Garden City Garden City Garden City Green Suburbs 1891 20th century City Beautiful (Reconstruction) New Capital New Capital New Capital New Capital City of Towers Unite d' Habitation Le Contemporaine Broadacres Mile High Tower Letchworth Welwyn Hampstead Chicago Paris Brasilia Chandigarh Canberra New Delhi New York Marseilles Paris US Manhattan Daniel Burnham Baron Hausmann Lucio Costa Le Corbusier Walter Griffin Edward Lutyens Le Corbusier Le Corbusier Le Corbusier Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright super building: containing 337 dwellings in 10 acres of land 3M people; transit was underground 1 family=1 acre to free up space for greenfields Linear connection: Arc de Triumph & Eiffel Tower & large boulevard Champs de Ellysee 2 huge axes in sign of the cross, with principal multi-level traffic arteries traversing these axes Original plan: Albert Myer; regular grid of major roads for rapid transport ciy beautiful movement principles; triangular formation of 3 important buildings Court of Justice; Parliament House; Capitol Building basd on great east-west axis of Kingsway, Government House on a hilltop on West end radburn principle New Lanark Mills Manchester Indiana Massachusetts Owen's son New England Planners Tony Garnier Ebenezer Howard Raymond Unwin Barry Parker Louis de Soisson Industrial village same as with one in Lanark Mills Robert Owen Ideal City Annapolis Williamsburg Charleston,S.Caroline Savannah,Georgia Washington DC Philadelphia Gov. Col. Francis Nicholson James Oglethorpe Pierre L'Enfant William Penn Robert Owen developments driven by speculation with emphasis on equality he spearheaded the Reform Movement by this proposal meant for 800-1200 persons on at least 600-1800 acres of land self-sufficient and complete with agricultural, light industrial, educational and recreational facilities ports of southeast oast America river valleys America from French bastide; New towns placed in previously unsettled areas; built in regular grid-like/ radial form around them built from King Philip II's city guidelines that produced 3 types of towns pueblo: civil; presidio: military; mission: religious capitals in Chesapeake Bay Region

industrial town with an imaginary site consisting of a high plateau & level valley, all alongside the river. Plateau: residential; valley: factories : precursor of modern zoning cities built in the countryside with rail access to the original city. Garden city-sattelite city surrounded by greenbelts of agricultural land combination of landscaping, informal street layouts and a main axis focusing on town center 3000 acres: agriculture; 1500: city proper Accidental City: smaller land area 2400 acres; Georgian houses housing only with terminating axes on civic buildings in a large common green grand formal design mile long mall town center garden

Linear City Arcology Alternative Motopia Science Cities Floating City Barbican Development Neighborhood Unit

Soria Y Mata Paolo Soleri Edward Chambless Metabolism Group Kiyonori Kikutake response to land reclamation Early type of Planned Unit development that had all amenities in 1 compound Clarence Perry Clarence Stein physical environment wherein social,cultural,educational & commercial are within easy reach of each other & was not intended to segregate anybody by race, religion or income unit: template for self-sustainability of smaller units large cities were the exception prior to the 20th century NE US urban complexes Jean Gottman Great City: greeks; massive urban concentrations created from strong physical linkages between 3 or more large cities Elementary School 3D city elevated roads

Millionaire Cities Megalopolis concept

URBAN PLANNING
SETTLEMENT PLANNING: PHILIPPINES
Era/Period Pre-Colonial Spanish Colonial American Settlement Barangay Law of Indies Intramuros American Agenda Manila as first chartered city Manila Manila Location Builders Natives Spaniards Spaniards Americans Daniel Burnham Description Community unit following certain guidelines 1.2 km area; 7000 residents guide urban growth & physical development similar to Washington DC, fronted Manila Bay; Pasig River integral part; too grand 18000 people; July 31, 1903: Act no. 183--City of Manila was incorporated sanitation, housing civic core Center of development rivers/farms plaza complex

GROWTH OF MANILA
Period Arrabales City/Development Quiapo Tondo Binondo Sta.Cruz San Nicolas Sampaloc Later Suburbs San Miguel Malate Ermita Summer Resort Red-Light District Main Element Illustrado territory Coastal city Financial Center Commercial District Commercial Town University Town trading port developed by the Chinese and Arabs shops, movie houses, restaurants, etc. streets with specialized categories of products on 2 churches : Our Lady of Loreto & St. Anthony de Padua Resthouses of Spaniards were built of wealthy Filipinos; first fishing and salt-making town Early Tourist Belt Description enclave of the rich & powerful; manifestation of folk religiosity

Paco Pandacan Further Suburbanization Quezon City Constitution Hill PHHC Philam Life Homes Projects 1-8 BLISS Present Day Metro Manila Metro Manila CBD's Navotas Marikina City Manila Makati Ortigas Cubao Emerging CBD's Fort Bonifacio Boulevard 2000 Filinvest Ayala; 1948 Ortigas; 1950 Araneta; 1960 Global City Phil. Estates Authority Corporate City New Capital new site: the Capital

first town built around the train station built by Americans for Oil Depot master plan by: Juan Arellano, Harry T. Frost, Louis Croft, AD Williams 158 ha in Novaliches Watershed--National Government Center; 20 ha civic space--Plaza of the Republic precursor of NHA; neighborhood concept Middle class residential; master plan by Carlos Arguelles Icon of middle class suburbanization during the 1950's walk-up housing units for the govenrment sector; by Manuel Manosa, Geronimo Manahan, Gabino de Leon, Honorato Paloma most dense least dense center for business & commerce, population nucleus & seats of government business & recreational center of the Metropolitan region 600 hectares; shopping alternative business center in the eastern side of the metropolis; bazaar economy former military base, envisioned to be first intelligent & ecological city; 500 ha;between Makati & Ortigas usher renaissance of Manila; reclamation joint venture of government & privae sector; access of residential to nearby industrial estates & technological parks

URBAN PLANNING
IMAGE OF THE CITY Kevin Lynch Path Edge District Node Landmark RESPONSIVE ENVIRONMENTS Ian Bentley Permeabilty Variety Legibility Robustness Visual Appropriateness Richness Personalization URBAN PATTERN SHAPE Radiocentric Rectilinear Star Ring Branch channel along which oberserver moves; linear elements not used as paths; not as dominant as paths but are important organizing features 2D, "inside of", common identifiable character. points or strategic spots by which an observer can enter; directly related to paths & districts point references; scale varies; unique & special in place designing overall layout of routes & development blocks depends on feasibility;locating uses in the site designing the massing of the building & enclosureof public spaces arrangement of individual buildings & outdoor spaces designing the external image; details developing design for sensory choice make people put their own mark on the plces where they live & work large circle with radial corridors of intense development emanating from the center 2 corridors of intense development crossing at the center, small cities radiocentric form with open spaces between the outreaching corridors of development city built around a large open space Linear span with connecting arms roads riverside red light district junction Rizal monument

Sheet Articulated sheet Constellation Linear Satellite URBAN MODELS Sector Model Multiple Nuclei Model Urban Realms URBAN REDEV'T STARTEGIES URBAN ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES Concentric Zone Theory EW Burgess geographer Homer Hoyt economist Chauncy Harris (g) Edward Pullman (g) James Vance sociologist conservation urban renewal adaptive reuse rehabilitation Invasion Block-boosting Centralization Gentrification

vast urban area with little/ no articulation sheet accented by 1 or more central clusters & several subclusters series of nearly equal sized cities in close proximity result of natural topography which restricts growth, transportation spine constellation of cities around a main center CBD: center; includes transition zone for expansion--factories, slums, ethnic village other uses grow with the CBD in specific directions; cities grow in the direction of the higher income premise that uses do not evolve around a single core but at several nodes emergence of large self-sufficient suburban sectors, each focused on a downtown independent of the central city retaining the essentil spirit of the original renewing towns; redevelopment & rehabilitation; conversion of buildings into different uses without significantly altering the structure repairing, converting, redecorating entrance of new population or facilites in an already occupied area forcing old population out of the area because of social differences increase in population at a certain geographic center improving physical set-up, affecting market of previously rundown areas

URBAN PLANNING
EMERGING THEORIES Planned Unit Development Transit Oriented Developments Peter Calthorpe NEW URBANISM Jackson Taylor Laguna West Kentlands Seaside Andres Duany Elizabeth PraterZyberk Peter Calthorpe Peter Calthorpe Phil Angelides 1990 Andres Duany Elizabeth PraterZyberk Walton County Florida San Jose California Sacramento County California Gaithersburg Maryland 75-acre; 2 edges--Hispanic & Japanese; historic district of Victorian homes originally an industrial town, redeveloped with new housing & commercial uses emphasis on well-defined public spaces & amenities; focal point--100-acre town center town center: located at terminus of radial boulevards which originate in neighborhood parks 355-acre new development; 6 neighborhoods; lake & greenbelts define neighborhoods strong sense of community, by the sea 670m form transit stop & commercial core Urban TOD Neighborhood TOD trucnk line of transit network; local bus line within 10 minutes travel time from a trunk line of transit stop Cluster zoning mid-sized developments with the intentions of self-sustainability, no zoning regulations