KARNATAKA.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1
DATE OF ADMISSION TO
M.SC NURSING
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
30.06.2011
COURSE
Creating wider awareness of the vital role of blood transfusion in saving lives and
improving the health of millions of people each year.
Motivating more individuals to become regular voluntary unpaid blood donors to ensure
sufficient stocks of blood to meet national requirements, even in emergency situations.
Blood can save millions of life, and young people are the hope and future of a
safe blood supply in the world. National blood donation policy of India high lights on
the needs of supplying safe and quality blood to the needy through collecting blood
from regular voluntary donors. Even though, Indian law had forbidden collection of
blood of blood from paid donors.8
However the same scenario prevails in many developing countries, majority of
voluntary donors are replacement donors who donate blood for their friends, relatives
and other alternative is paid donors which have a significant risk of transfusion
transmitted infections. 10
Nursing institutions across India house lacks of potential blood donors in the
form of young and healthy students, which can meet the safe blood requirements of our
country. Role of health care institutions and its students in voluntary blood donation are
pivotal .They should lead from the front to donate blood voluntarily and take all
necessary steps to create more awareness program on blood donations among entire
student community. (11, 12)
WHO recommends developing strategies for 100% voluntary blood donation and states
in India achieved more than 80% by voluntary blood donation. More than 38,000 blood
donations are needed every day. A total of 30 million blood components are transfused
each year .It is believed that if 2% of Indias population donates blood once a year, the
blood requirements of the country can be easily met. 10
In Karnataka every year there is a blood shortage by 4 lakh units. The city alone
needs 2500 units every day. For the last 5 years the shortage of blood in blood banks is
highlighted.9
Escalating demand for safe blood and its availability in our country can only
assured through enhancing voluntary blood donation. Role of youngsters in voluntary
blood donation is crucial to meet the demand for safe blood and moreover youngsters
have a better understanding on healthcare requirements of our country should come in
forefront. Therefore understanding the various factors contributing to knowledge and
attitude of voluntary blood donation among nursing students is important. (14, 15)
dependent variable .Moral obligations showed the greatest impact on participants intent
to perform the behavior.18
A study was carried out to assess the attitudes and beliefs about blood donation
among the population of Mwanza region Tanzania in order to target better the voluntary
blood donor recruitment and retention .A random sampling of 1141 adults, 743
residents of Mwanza town and 398 from Mwanza rural areas were interviewed on
aspects related to blood donation. A high proportion (26.4%) of interviewers had
already given blood but only 3.8% had donated voluntarily. They noted a positive
attitude towards voluntary blood donation although the majority of people would do so
only for an incentive in the form of remunerations. They suggest that donor recruitment
campaigns should focus on clearing wrong concepts about blood donations through
providing information on all aspects related to blood donation. Based on the findings, a
scheme for blood donor recruitment and retention proposed.20
A descriptive study was conducted in University Of West Indies, to assess the
attitude towards blood donation in Trinidad and Tobago to determine the factors that
influence blood donation in different demographic groups in a multi-ethnic, multicultural community. The major (87%) of blood donations are replacement
donations.70% of the countrys transfusion needs are not met .An observeradministered questionnaire was completed by 1423 respondents. A total of 1146
(81.2%) respondents had never donated blood. Of the 277 (18.8%) who had previously
donated, replacement for a family member or friend was the most common reason
(86.9%). The prevalence of donation was low in all races, religions, gender and
educational and age groups. However, there were significant demographic variables.
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The majority (71.3%) of non-donors if cited a lack of information as major reasons for
non donation and expressed a willingness to donate if access to information and
donation facilities were improved.21
A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Thailand to study the
attitude towards blood donation among the people in rural district. Data from self
administered questionnaires were collected and statistical analysis was performed. They
found that people in that area had a rather good attitude but was found in less than 50%
and the attitude of the subjects only significantly correlated with the level of education.
They concluded that improving the peoples attitude on blood donation is important.
They suggest that knowledge on blood donation should be repeatedly taught at any
educational level including the school system.22
SECTION-C: LITERATURE RELATED TO MOTIVATIONAL ASPECTS AND
PRACTICE OF BLOOD DONATION
A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 410 health science
students from different streams in a university campus of South India to understand
knowledge, attitude and practice about blood donation through a structured survey
questionnaire in the year 2009.The result revealed that the overall knowledge on blood
donation was good, but majority (62%) of students never donated blood. Knowledge
level was found highest among allied health sciences (53.1%) and lowest among
pharmacy students (20.7%). Feeling of medically unfit and never thought of blood
donation were the reasons for not donating blood. This study elicits the importance of
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adopting effective measure in our campuses to motivate about voluntary blood donation
among students.16
A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge and
behavior towards voluntary blood donation among students of tertiary institutions in
Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed in selecting the participants for
the study. A semi- structured self administered questionnaire was used to collect
information. Result shows that less than two-thirds (61%) of total respondents had good
knowledge of blood donations. More than (85%) of the respondents had never donated
blood. Of the 15% that had donated, only 3% donated voluntarily. Among those that
had ever donated, males (57%) were more than females. Many of the donors donated
for friends (57%).The majority of the respondents were compelled to donate because of
emergency situation (75%). The reasons why many did not donate were lack of
opportunity (45%) due to tight lecture schedule and inadequate knowledge (24%). They
suggested that the university authorities, the university health service centre and the
voluntary blood donation among the students.23
A sample survey was conducted among the population of Lome to assess the
knowledge, attitude and practices about blood donation.300 persons filled a
questionnaire. In the sample 183 (61%) were males. Their age ranged from 18 to 67
years with 2/3 of young people between 18 and 37 years, pupils were 24.33%, wage
earners 55% and the unemployed, 17.67%. More than half of the investigated persons
were married (54.67%) and 96.33% persons were literate. Nearly all people 96.33%
know about blood donation, 61% of the investigated where blood is donated. Only 95
people were donors. The reason for non donation were mainly related to the fear of
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catching diseases (37.71%) especially HIV (9, 76%), the lack of information (25.37%),
the lack of information (25.37%), the religious beliefs (19.5%). 277 people (92.33%)
said that blood should be donated without remuneration.24
A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the level knowledge, attitude
and practice regarding blood donation in the city of Yazd, Iran.1394 cases aged between
20 and 60 years were selected by cluster sampling method and asked to fill a specially
formatted questionnaire. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, Sheffe test and ttest. Less than half of the population under study was aware about the appropriate age
for blood donation and certain deferral criteria. Only 98% of them believed that blood
donation is a moral duty with a spiritual reward and 38% of the population understudy
(60% of men and 16% of women) had donated at least once in the past.25
A previously validated survey was administered to evaluate the knowledge and
attitudes of students, professors and other staff at the University Of Talca, Chile.
Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Among survey participants 487 only
14% had donated blood in the past, and most of the (43.3%) were professors or other
academics. Of the participants who were planning to donate blood in the future, students
were majority (88.1%). When the males in the group who were planning to donate were
compared to the females, the difference was not statistically significant (90.0% vs 84.2%
respectively of the deterrents to blood donation, 73.4% said the collection instruments
might not sterile. An informative and motivating campaign could successfully convert the
87.3% potential donors into actual volunteer blood donors.26
A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and
practices regarding voluntary blood donation among medical and paramedical personal in
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should be maintained. This will allow people to be well informed, turning the positive
attitude of saving life through blood donation to a regular practice.28
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on
knowledge regarding blood donation among nursing students studying at selected
institution in Bangalore.
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the pre-test knowledge of nursing students regarding knowledge of blood
donation.
2. To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding
knowledge of blood donation.
3. To assess the post-test knowledge of nursing students regarding knowledge of blood
donation.
4. To associate the post-test knowledge of nursing students regarding blood donation
with selected demographic variables.
6.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H 1 There will be significant difference in the pre and post test knowledge of
nursing students regarding blood donation.
H 2 There will be significant association between selected demographic
variables and knowledge of nursing students regarding blood donation.
6.6. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
1. Effectiveness:
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The study will reveal the prevailing knowledge of nursing students regarding blood
donation and also it improves their knowledge through a structured teaching programme
regarding blood donation.
7.0. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Independent variable
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100 nursing students will be taken for the study through stratified sampling technique.
The collected data will be entered in a large data sheet or to the computer.
Mean, median and mode will be used to analyze the level of knowledge regarding
blood donation.
Chi-square test will be used to analyze the association between post test score and
selected demographic variables.
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Ms. JineeshaVamachan
Prof. Paulraj S
Ethical committee
Approved
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9. Study on knowledge, belief and perception of blood donation among health science
students in a university campus South India. Available from http://www.healtrh
net.org.na/documents/reports/KAR% 20STUDY (I) pdf.
10. Singh B, Pandey RM, Dsouza N et.al. Knowledge, attitudes and socio-demographic
factors differentiating blood donors from non-donors in an urban slum of Delhi. Indian
Journal of Community Medicine. 2002; 27(3):118-123.
11. World Health Organization, Word Blood Donor Day. Nightingale Nursing Times. 2007;
7(3):3.
12. Shortage of blood in blood banks.Available from http://sankalpindia.net/drupal/node/320.
13. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Available from
http://www.jcde.net/articles/PDF/1589//3826/-3115-E(C)-R(V)-F(J)-PF(-)-P(f).
14. Shaz BH, Demmons DG, Crittenden CP et.al. Motivating and barriers to blood donation
in African American College Students. Transfuse Apher Sci. 2009; 41(3):191-197.
15. Shega N, Pal, Sengupta S. Behavior disparities towards blood donation in Skkim, India.
Asian J Transfus Sci.2008; 2(2):56-60.
16. Cunha BG, Dias MR. Persuasive communications and regular blood donation:an
experimental study.Cad. Saude Publica.2008; 24(6):1407-1418.
17. Sabu KM, Remya A, Binu VS, Vivek R, Knowledge attitude and practice about blood
donation among Health Science students in a university campus of South India. OJHAS.
2011; 10(2).
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18. Allen J, Butler DD. Assessing the effects of donor knowledge and perceived risk on
intentions to donate blood. Available from
http://www.healtrhnet.org.na/documents/donor/KAR% 20STUDY (I) pdf.
19. Hossaine GM, Anisuzzaman M, Begum A. Knowledge and attitude towards blood
donation Dhaka University Students in Bangladesh.East Afr Med J.1997; 74(9):549-553.
20. Jacobs B,Berege ZA. Attitudes and beliefs about blood donation among Mwanza
region,Tanzania.East Afr MED J.1995;72: 345-348.
21. Sampath S, Ramsaran V, Parasram S, Charles KS. Et.al. Attitude towards blood donation
in Trinidad and Tobago. Transfus Med. 2007; 17(2): 83-87.
22. Wiwanitkit V. Knowledge and attitude about blood donation among a sample of Thai
university students. Vox Sang. 2002; 97-99.
23. Salaudeen AG, Odeh E. Knowledge and behaviour towards voluntary blood donation
among students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. 2011; 14(3):303-307.
24. Aqbovi KK, Kolou M, Feteke L. Knowledge, attitudes and practices about blood
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27. Gilani I, Kayani ZA, Atique M. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding blood
donation prevalent in medical and paramedical personnel. JCPSP. 2007; 17(8): 473-476.
28. Olaiya MA, Alakija W, Ajala A, Olatunji RO. Knowledge, attitudes, belives and
motivation among blood donors in Lagos, Nigeria.Transfusion Med.2004;14:13-17.
29. Polit & Hungler. Nursing Research. 6th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott publishers;
2003.114-116, 289-311
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Prof. Paulraj S
11.2 Signature
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11.4 Signature
Prof. Paulraj S
11.6 Signature
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12.2 Signature
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