CHAPTER 60 SCREENING, GRIT REMOVAL, AND FLOW EQUALIZATION 61. SCREENING DEVICES 61.1 Coars S!r "s 61.

11 W# r R $%&r ' Protection for pumps and other equipment shall be provided by trash racks, coarse bar racks, or coarse screens. 61.1( D s&)" a"' I"s*a++a*&o" 61.1(1 ,ar S-a!&") Clear openings between bars should be no less than 1 inch (2 mm! for manually cleaned screens. Clear openings for mechanically cleaned screens may be smaller. "a#imum clear openings should be 1$ inches (% mm!. 61.1(( S+o- a"' V +o!&*. "anually cleaned screens should be placed on a slope of &' to % degrees from the hori(ontal. )t design average flow conditions, approach velocities should be no less than 1.2 feet per second ('.% m*s!, to prevent settling+ and no greater than &.' fps ('., m*s! to prevent forcing material through the openings. 61.1(/ C#a"" +s -ual channels shall be provided and equipped with the necessary gates to isolate flow from any screening unit. Provisions shall also be made to facilitate dewatering each unit. .he channel preceding and following the screen shall be shaped to eliminate stranding and settling of solids. 61.1(0 A%1&+&ar. S!r "s /here a single mechanically cleaned screen is used, an au#iliary manually cleaned screen shall be provided. /here two or more mechanically cleaned screens are used, the design shall provide for taking any unit out of service without sacrificing the capability to handle the design peak instantaneous flows. 61.1(2 I"3 r* .he screen channel invert should be & to 0 inches (1 mm to 1 ' mm! below the invert of the incoming sewer. 0'21

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61.1(6

F+o4 D&s*r&5%*&o" 3ntrance channels should be designed to provide equal and uniform distribution of flow to the screens.

61.1(6

,a!74a* r E88 !* o" F+o4 M * r&") 4low measurement devices should be selected for reliability and accuracy. .he effect of changes in backwater elevation, due to intermittent cleaning of screens, should be considered in locations of flow measurement equipment.

61.1(9

Fr : Pro* !*&o" 5creening devices and screening storage areas shall be protected from free(ing.

61.1(;

S!r "&")s R <o3a+ a"' D&s-osa+ ) convenient and adequate means for removing screenings shall be provided. 6oisting or lifting equipment may be necessary depending on the depth of pit and amount of screenings or equipment to be lifted. 4acilities must be provided for handling, storage, and disposal of screenings in a manner acceptable to the regulatory agency. 5eparate grinding of screenings and return to the wastewater flow is unacceptable. "anually cleaned screening facilities shall include an accessible platform from which the operator may rake screenings easily and safely. 5uitable drainage facilities shall be provided for both the platform and the storage area.

61.1/ A!! ss a"' V "*&+a*&o" 5creens located in pits more than % feet (1.2 m! deep shall be provided with stairway access. )ccess ladders are acceptable for pits less than % feet (1.2 m! deep, in lieu of stairways. 5creening devices, installed in a building where other equipment or offices are located, shall be isolated from the rest of the building, be provided with separate outside entrances, and be provided with separate and independent fresh air supply. 4resh air shall be forced into enclosed screening device areas or into open pits more than % feet (1.2 m! deep. -ampers should not be used on e#haust or fresh air ducts and fine screens or other obstructions should be avoided to prevent clogging. /here continuous ventilation is required at least 12 complete air changes per hour shall be provided. /here continuous ventilation would 0'22

SCREENING, GRIT REMOVAL, AND FLOW EQUALIZATION

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cause e#cessive heat loss, intermittent ventilation of at least &' complete air changes per hour shall be provided when personnel enter the area. .he air change requirements shall be based on 1'' percent fresh air. 5witches for operation of ventilation equipment should be marked and located conveniently. )ll intermittently operated ventilation equipment shall be interconnected with the respective pit lighting system. .he fan wheel shall be fabricated from non2sparking material. 3#plosion proof gas detectors shall be provided in accordance with 5ection 1. 61.10 Sa8 *. a"' S#& +'s 61.101 Ra&+&")s a"' Gra*&")s "anually cleaned screen channels shall be protected by guard railings and deck gratings, with adequate provisions for removal or opening to facilitate raking. "echanically cleaned screen channels shall be protected by guard railings and deck gratings. Consideration should also be given to temporary access arrangements to facilitate maintenance and repair. 61.10( M !#a"&!a+ D 3&! s "echanical screening equipment shall have adequate removable enclosures to protect personnel against accidental contact with moving parts and to prevent dripping in multi2level installations. ) positive means of locking out each mechanical device and temporary access for use during maintenance shall be provided. 61.10/ Dra&"a) 4loor design and drainage shall be provided to prevent slippery areas. 61.100 L&)#*&") 5uitable lighting shall be provided in all work and access areas. 7efer to Paragraph 01.1 2. 61.12 E+ !*r&!a+ E$%&-< "* a"' Co"*ro+ S.s* <s 61.121 T&<&") D 3&! s )ll mechanical units which are operated by timing devices shall be provided with au#iliary controls which will set the cleaning mechanism in operation at a preset

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high water elevation. 8f the cleaning mechanism fails to lower the high water, a warning should be signaled. 61.12( E+ !*r&!a+ E$%&-< "*, F&1*%r s a"' Co"*ro+s 3lectrical equipment, fi#tures and controls in the screening area where ha(ardous gases may accumulate shall meet the requirements of the 9ational 3lectrical Code for Class 8, -ivision 1, :roup - locations. 61.12/ Ma"%a+ O3 rr&' )utomatic controls shall be supplemented by a manual override. 61.( F&" S!r "s 61.(1 G " ra+ 4ine screens as discussed here have openings of appro#imately 1*10 inch (2 mm!. .he amount of material removed by fine screens is dependent on the waste stream being treated and screen opening si(e. 4ine screens should not be considered equivalent to primary sedimentation but may be used in lieu of primary sedimentation where subsequent treatment units are designed on the basis of anticipated screen performance. 5election of screen capacity should consider flow restriction due to retained solids, gummy materials, frequency of cleaning, and e#tent of cleaning. /here fine screens are used, additional provision for removal of floatable oils and greases shall be considered. 61.(( D s&)" .ests should be conducted to determine ;<- and suspended solids removal efficiencies at the design ma#imum day flow and design ma#imum day ;<- loadings. Pilot testing for an e#tended time is preferred. ) minimum of two fine screens shall be provided, each unit being capable of independent operation. Capacity shall be provided to treat design peak instantaneous flow with one unit out of service. 4ine screens shall be preceded by a coarse bar screening device. 4ine screens shall be protected from free(ing and located to facilitate maintenance. 61.(/ E+ !*r&!a+ E$%&-< "*, F&1*%r s a"' Co"*ro+ 3lectrical equipment, fi#tures and controls in the screening area where ha(ardous gases may accumulate shall meet the requirements of the 9ational 3lectrical Code for Class 8, -ivision 1, :roup - locations. 0'2%

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61.(0 S r3&!&") 6osing equipment shall be provided to facilitate cleaning. Provision shall be made for isolating and removing units from their location for servicing. 6(. COMMINUTORS 6(.1 G " ra+ Provisions for access, ventilation, shields, and safety shall be in accordance with Paragraphs 01.1&, 01.1%, and 01.1 . 6(.( W# " Us ' Comminutors may be used in lieu of screening devices to protect equipment where stringy substance accumulation on downstream equipment will not be a substantial problem. 6(./ D s&)" Co"s&' ra*&o"s 6(./1 Lo!a*&o" Comminutors should be located downstream of grit removal equipment and be protected by a coarse screening device. Comminutors not preceded by grit removal equipment shall be protected by a 0.' inch (1 ' mm! deep gravel trap. 6(./( S&: Comminutor capacity shall be adequate to handle design peak hourly flow. 6(.// I"s*a++a*&o" ) screened bypass channel shall be provided. .he use of the bypass channel should be automatic for all comminutor failures. :ates shall be provided in accordance with Paragraphs 01.12& and 01.12%. 6(./0 S r3&!&") Provision shall be made to facilitate servicing units in place and removing units from their location for servicing. 6(./2 E+ !*r&!a+ Co"*ro+s a"' Mo*ors 3lectrical equipment in comminutor chambers where ha(ardous gases may accumulate shall meet the requirements of the 9ational 3lectrical Code for Class 8, -ivision 1, :roup - locations. "otors shall be protected against accidental submergence.

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6/

GRIT REMOVAL FACILITIES 6/.1 W# " R $%&r ' :rit removal facilities should be provided for all wastewater treatment plants, and are required for plants receiving wastewater from combined sewers or from sewer systems receiving substantial amounts of grit. 8f a plant serving a separate sewer system is designed without grit removal facilities, the design shall include provision for future installation. Consideration shall be given to possible damaging effects on pumps, comminutors, and other preceding equipment, and the need for additional storage capacity in treatment units where grit is likely to accumulate. 6/.( Lo!a*&o" 6/.(1 G " ra+ :rit removal facilities should be located ahead of pumps and comminuting devices. Coarse bar racks should be placed ahead of grit removal facilities. 6/.(( Ho%s ' Fa!&+&*& s 6/.((1 V "*&+a*&o" 7efer to Paragraph 01.1&. 4resh air shall be introduced continuously at a rate of at least 12 air changes per hour, or intermittently at a rate of at least &' air changes per hour. <dor control facilities may also be warranted. 6/.((( A!! ss )dequate stairway access to above or below grade facilities shall be provided. 6/.((/ E+ !*r&!a+ )ll electrical work in enclosed grit removal areas where ha(ardous gases may accumulate shall meet the requirements of the 9ational 3lectrical Code for Class 8, -ivision 1, :roup - locations. 3#plosion proof gas detectors shall be provided in accordance with 5ection 1. 6/.(/ O%*s&' Fa!&+&*& s :rit removal facilities located outside shall be protected from free(ing. 6/./ T.- a"' N%<5 r o8 U"&*s Plants treating waste from combined sewers should have at least two mechanically cleaned grit removal units, with provisions for bypassing. ) single manually cleaned or mechanically cleaned grit chamber with bypass 0'20

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is acceptable for small wastewater treatment plants serving separate sanitary sewer systems. "inimum facilities for larger plants serving separate sanitary sewers should be at least one mechanically cleaned unit with a bypass. 4acilities other than channel2type shall be provided with adequate and fle#ible controls for velocity and*or air supply devices and with grit collection and removal equipment. )erated grit chambers should have air rates ad=ustable in the range of & to > cubic feet per minute per foot ?%.1 @* (mAs! to 12.% @*(mAs!B of tank length. -etention time in the tank should be in the range of & to minutes at design peak hourly flows. 6/.0 D s&)" Fa!*ors 6/.01 G " ra+ .he design effectiveness of a grit removal system shall be commensurate with the requirements of the subsequent process units. 6/.0( I"+ * 8nlet turbulence shall be minimi(ed in channel type units. 6/.0/ V +o!&*. a"' D * "*&o" Channel2type chambers shall be designed to control velocities during normal variations in flow as close as possible to 1 foot per second ('.& m*s!. .he detention period shall be based on the si(e of particle to be removed. )ll aerated grit removal facilities should be provided with adequate control devices to regulate air supply and agitation. 6/.00 Gr&* Was#&") .he need for grit washing should be determined by the method of grit handling and final disposal. 6/.02 D 4a* r&") Provision shall be made for isolating and dewatering each unit. .he design shall provide for complete draining and cleaning by means of a sloped bottom equipped with a drain sump. 6/.06 Wa* r )n adequate supply of water under pressure shall be provided for cleanup. 6/.06 Gr&* Ha"'+&") :rit removal facilities located in deep pits should be provided with mechanical equipment for hoisting or transporting grit to ground level. 8mpervious, non2slip, working surfaces with adequate 0'21

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drainage shall be provided for grit handling areas. :rit transporting facilities shall be provided with protection against free(ing and loss of material. 60. PREAERATION Preaeration of wastewater to reduce septicity may be required in special cases. 62. FLOW EQUALIZATION 62.1 G " ra+ Cse of flow equali(ation should be considered where significant variations in organic and hydraulic loadings can be e#pected. 62.( Lo!a*&o" 3quali(ation basins should be located downstream of pretreatment facilities such as bar screens, comminutors, and grit chambers. 62./ T.4low equali(ation can be provided by using separate basins or on2line treatment units, such as aeration tanks. 3quali(ation basins may be designed as either in2line or side2line units. Cnused treatment units, such as sedimentation or aeration tanks, may be utili(ed as equali(ation basins during the early period of design life. 62.0 S&: 3quali(ation basin capacity should be sufficient to effectively reduce e#pected flow and load variations to the e#tent deemed to be economically advantageous. /ith a diurnal flow pattern, the volume required to achieve the desired degree of equali(ation can be determined from a cumulative flow plot over a representative 2%2hour period. 62.2 O- ra*&o" 62.21 M&1&") )eration or mechanical equipment shall be provided to maintain adequate mi#ing. Corner fillets and hopper bottoms with draw2 offs should be provided to alleviate the accumulation of sludge and grit. 62.2( A ra*&o" )eration equipment shall be sufficient to maintain a minimum of 1.' mg*@ of dissolved o#ygen in the mi#ed basin contents at all times. )ir supply rates should be a minimum of 1.2 cfm*1''' gal ?'.10 @*(m&As!B of storage capacity. .he air supply should be isolated from other treatment plant aeration requirements to facilitate process aeration control, although process air supply equipment may be utili(ed as a source of standby aeration. 0'2>

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62.2/ Co"*ro+s 8nlets and outlets for all basin compartments shall be suitably equipped with accessible e#ternal valves, stop plates, weirs, or other devices to permit flow control and the removal of an individual unit from service. 4acilities shall also be provided to measure and indicate liquid levels and flow rates. 62.6 E+ !*r&!a+ )ll electrical work in housed equali(ation basins, where ha(ardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapors may accumulate, shall meet the requirements of the 9ational 3lectrical Code for Class 8, -ivision 1, :roup - locations. 62.6 A!! ss 5uitable access shall be provided to facilitate cleaning and the maintenance of equipment.

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