Descriptive Statistics - General

1. Fill in the missing words to the quote: "Statistical methods may be described as methods for drawing conclusions about _______________ based on ________________ computed from the _______________." a. statistics, samples, populations b. populations, parameters, samples c. statistics, parameters, samples d. parameters, statistics, populations e. populations, statistics, samples

2.

onsider the following statement concerned with the collection of data, and determine the best selection of terms to complete the statement: "!he entire group of ob"ects or people about which information is wanted is called the ____________. #ndi$idual members are called _______. !he ________ is the part that is actually e%amined in order to gather information." a. population, e%planatory $ariables, subgroup b. whole, items of interest, stratum c. response group, respondents, nonresponse group d. sample, units, target population e. population, units, sample

Descriptive Statistics - Histograms and other plots

1. onsider the following output from &ata&es' when analy(ing the p) $alues of the 1*+, data collected on precipitation e$ents. 2.
Summary stats for 1986 NumNumeric = 55 NumNonNumeric = 0 NumCases = 55 Mean = 6.0673 Median = 6.1000 Std Deviation = 0. 7339 !an"e = #. 000 Minimum = .6000 Ma$imum = 7 75%t& 'i(e = 6. 000

-hich of the following is ./!

/001 !2 a. !he 23th percentile is about 3.*. b. Some outliers appear to be present below a p) of 3.4.

c. 5bout *36 of the obser$ations ha$e p) $alues in the appro%imate range ,71. d. 5bout 186 of the $alues are in the range 3.+ to ,.8. e. 5bout 936 of the $alues are less than ,.4.

:. !he following is a histogram showing the actual frequency of the closing prices on the .ew ;or' e%change of a particular stoc'.

<ased on the abo$e frequency histogram for .ew ;or' Stoc' e%change, the class that contains the +8th percentile is: a. 28=:8 b. 18=28 c. 48=38 d. 38=,8 e. :8=48

4. 5 histogram of the heights of :* plants is as follows:

!he 93th percentile of the height distribution is appro%imately: a. *.4 b. *.9 c. 9.9 d. 9.3 e. 18.8

3. !he weights of the male and female students in a class are summari(ed in the following bo%plots:

-hich of the following is ./! correct2 a. 5bout 386 of the male students ha$e weights between 138 and 1+3 lbs. b. 5bout 236 of female students ha$e weights more than 1:8 lbs. c. !he median weight of male students is about 1,2 lbs. d. !he mean weight of female students is about 128 because of symmetry. e. !he male students ha$e less $ariability than the female students.

,.

onsider the following bo% plots of the grades in a course in statistics for each se% drawn according to the con$ention that the whis'ers reach the 18th and *8th percentiles.

-hich of the following is correct2 a. !he mean grade of the female students is about 92. b. !he median grade for the male students is about ,+. c. 5bout 236 of female students get grades abo$e 92. d. 5bout 186 of male students get grades below ,8. e. 5bout 386 of female students get grades between ,2 and +2.

9.

onsider the following bo%=plot of the yield of barley drawn using the con$ention that the wis'ers reach the 18 and *8th percentiles.

-hich of the following is ./! correct2 a. !he mean is about 288 g>488 m2. b. the median is about 1+8 g>488 m2. c. 5bout 386 of the yields are between 1,8 and 228 g>488 m2. d. 5bout 236 of the yields are below 228 g>488 m2. e. 5bout 186 of the yields are below 1:8 g>488 m2.

+.

onsider the following ogi$e of the scores of students in an introductory statistics course:

5 grade of or ? is assigned to a student who scores between 33 and 98. !he percentage of students that obtained a grade of or ? is: a. 236 b. :86 c. 286 d. 386 e. 136

*. -hich of the following is ./! correct about constructing histograms2 a. !he appro%imate number of classes is 1?:.:log@nA. b. 5ll class inter$als should be of equal width. c. !he bars of the histogram are centred o$er the class mar' @midpointA. d. !he first and last classes should be open=ended to account for e%treme points. e. !here should be no spaces between bars.

18. Forest companies routinely ta'e samples from tracts that ha$e been replanted to monitor the growth of the trees. Suppose that in a recent sample of two tracts, the diameter of the trees was measured with the following results:
11. 1#. 13. )ract )rees !an"e * + 75 #10 #3#%315 #15%#50 ,mm-

)istograms to compare the two groups are to be constructed. -hich of the following is not recommended. a. !he number of classes in Broup 5 and Broup < should be around 9 or +. b. !he class width of both groups will be 18 mm. c. !he class bounds will be 2:2=242 mm, 242=232 mm, etc. for Broup 5 and 213= 223 mm, 223=2:3 mm, etc for Broup <. d. !he $ertical scale for both groups should be relati$e frequency @6A. e. !he two histograms will be stac'ed and alligned so that the $ertical a%es are the same and the hori(ontal a%es are identical.

14. onsider the following S5S procedure to construct a histogram.

15. 16. 17. .!/C C0*!) D*)*=+*!1234 5+*! 3621D7 )3.2=.2!C2N) M6D./6N)S=90 )/ 300 +3 304

-hich of the following statements is correct2 a. b. c. d. e. !he first bar will contain only $alues from 93 to 183. 5ll yields below *8 will not be used. !he $ertical a%is will be labelled with the actual frequency in each class. Se$eral charts will be produced, one for each distinct year. !he last class will include $alues abo$e :13.

1+. For each student in a class, the se% and weight @in 'ilogramsA are recorded onsider the following S5S program:
19. #0. #1. ##. #3. # . #5. #6. #7. #8. #9. 30. D*)* S)8D2N)S4 6N.8) S29 : ;26<0)4 D*)*16N2S4 = 6# . . ,>%% more data &ere. M 78 4 .!/C S/!) D*)*=S)8D2N)S4 +3 S294 .!/C C0*!) D*)*=S)8D2N)S4

31. 3#.

5+*! ;26<0)7)3.2=.2!C2N) M6D./6N)S=55 )/ 95 +3 104 +3 S294

-hich of the following statements is correct2 a. !he first class will contain weights from 33 to ,3 'g. b. 5ll weights below 33 'ilograms will be discarded. c. /ne $ertical bar chart will be producedC it will contain the weights of all of the students, and the males and females will be indistinguishable. d. !he $ertical a%is will be labelled "frequency". e. !wo separate $ertical bar charts will be produced == one for males and one for females.

::. 5 single stem=and=leaf plot is a useful tool because: a. it includes the a$erage and the standard de$iation. b. it shows the percentage distribution of the data $alues. c. it enables us to e%amine the data $alues for the presence of trends, cycles, and seasonal $ariation. d. it enables us to locate the centre of the data, see the o$erall shape of the distribution, and loo' to mar'ed de$iations from the o$erall shape. e. it enables us to compare this dataset against others of a similar 'ind.

:4. Forty students wrote a Statistics e%amination ha$ing a ma%imum of 38 mar's. !he mar' distribution is gi$en in the following stem=and=leaf plot:
35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 0. 0?#8 1?## 5 #?01333358889 3?001356679 ?## 66788 5?000

!he third quartile of the mar' distribution is equal to: a. b. c. d. e. 93 44 :2 :9.3 :8

41. !hirty students wrote a statistics e%amination ha$ing a ma%imum of 38 mar's. !he mar' distribution is gi$en in the following stem=and=leaf plot:

#. 3. . 5. 6. 7.

0?9 1?##5 #?013335889 3?00136679 ?0## 78 5?0

!he median mar' is equal to: a. b. c. d. e. :8.3 :8.8 23.8 2+.3 44.8

4+. 0ainwater was collected in water collectors at thirty different sites near an industrial basin and the amount of acidity @p) le$elA was measured. !he following stem=and= leaf diagram shows the p) $alues that ranged from 2., to ,.:.
9. 50. 51. 5#. 53. 5 . Stems # 3 5 6 1eaves 679 #37789 1### 6899 0556788 0#33

!he median acidity is: a. b. c. d. e. 4.2 4.4 4.3 4., 5$erage of 13 and 1,.

33. 0efer to the pre$ious question. -hich of the following bo%=plots is correct:

3,. 0efer to the pre$ious question. !he interquartile range is: a. 9.93 b. 2:.23 c. 3.,23 d. :.99 e. 1.+33

39. !he following is a stem=plot of the birth weights of male babies born to the smo'ing group. !he stems are in units of 'g.
58. 59. 60. 61. 6#. Stems # 3 5 1eaves 3@ @6@7@7@8@8@8@9 #@#@3@ @6@7@8@9 1@#@#@3@ 3@5@5@6

!he median birth weight is: a. b. c. d. e. 1:.3 :.2 :.3 :.9 5$erage of 1: and 14.

,:. 0efer to the pre$ious question. !he first quartile @23thA percentile of the weights is a. 2.: b. 2.9 c. .23

d. ,.3 e. 2.+

,4. -hich one of the following statements is FALSE2 a. Die charts are better than bar graphs for comparing relati$e si(es. b. &ata that are nominal scale are presented using frequency tables. c. Eeans and standard de$iation of ordinal data are meaningless. d. !he scatter=plot is the basic graphic tool for in$estigating relationships between two inter$al or ratio scaled $ariables. e. <o%=plots are a good choice for comparing the distribution of $alues among groups.

,3. -hich of the following is NOT CORRECT2 a. !he scatterplot is the basic graphical tool for in$estigating relationships between two continuous inter$al or ratio scaled $ariables. b. !he frequency table is useful for summari(ing data from a nominal scaled $ariable. c. Eeans and standard de$iations of nominal or ordinal scaled $ariables are useful summary measures. d. Die charts donFt perform well because people ha$e difficulty in accurately quantifying angles. e. <o%plots perform well for comparing groups because it is relati$ely straightforward to see how the mean and median change o$er the groups.

,,. !he following is a display comparing the fa$orite !G shows selected from a specified set by gender. 1ach person had to select one preferred show from the three shows gi$en below:
67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 7#. 73. 7 . >%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% .ercent %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%A SamB(e 10 #0 30 0 50 60 70 80 90 100 SiCe ?%%%%?%%%%?%%%%?%%%%?%%%%?%%%%?%%%%?%%%%?%%%%?%%%%? Ma(eD sssssssssssssssssssssfffffffffffffffEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE =ema(eDsssssssssssffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffEEEEEEEEEE Star )reF4 ffff= =riends4 EEEE = +ayGatc&4 300

100

-hich of the following is FALSE:

a. 5 greater percentage of males ha$e Star!re' as their fa$orite show than females. b. Eore females @in absolute numberA selected <aywatch as their fa$orite show than males. c. 5bout 1>3 of females sur$eyed selected Star!re' as their fa$orite show from the three gi$en. d. !he modal fa$orite show @from the three specifiedA for males is Star!re'. e. 5bout twice as many females @in relati$e numbersA en"oy Star !re' than males.