Radio Frequency Identification

By Mohammad Ghufran Deccan College of Engg. & Tech.

What is R.F.I.D.?

A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. Basically consists of a tag, a reader, and some sort of data processing equipment, such as a computer. RFID is a wireless system used to identify tags. These tags may be carried by people or animals or mounted on objects or vehicles. They may even be embedded under the skin. Construction has three blocks

An antenna or coil A transceiver (with a decoder) A transponder

RFID Vs Barcodes

No line of sight requirement The tag can stand a harsh environment Long read range Portable data base Multiple Tag read/write Tracking people, items, and equipment in real time.

Transreciver

Com

C o m Dec p

Amp.

Transponder
RF TAG

R.F.I.D. Chips

RFID chips are being developed to replace barcode completely Chips are cheaper, miniature that can be attached, often without the notice, to all sorts of products, like clothing, books, etc. Can store much more information than barcodes Read/write technology, so more information can be added to them when needed Dont require line of sight proximity More robust Specifications 2.5x2.5mm typical range 10 to 20 mts Available with memory sizes of 1,2, and 4kb Can be used for more than 100,000 write cycles Retains data for at least 10 years Operating frequency 13.56 MHz

R.F.I.D. Tags & Labels

Tags contain a silicon microchip which is programmed with specific information. Can of any shape or size to meet the requirement in tracking a person, item or an animal. The transceivers receive the information within the tags, and relay the data to a central computer. Tags come in many forms, labels that are stuck on boxes, smart cards, key chains, or a box that you can stick it on ur wind shield to enable to pay toll with out stopping Labels when used with the luggages checked in airlines can save time avoiding long and repeated process of checking, thus resulting in time departure and arrivals of planes Tags are of two types Active tags passive tags

RFID Antennas

Antenna activates the RFID tag and transfers the data by emitting wireless pulses. Use radio waves to communicate thus the name Size and structure varies depending on the communication distance required for a given systems performance New ink is printed for RFID Antennas... may take decade or more from now This would bring a revolution in the world of RFID technology Lower cost Environment friendly Greater antenna flexibility Even for 900MHz the performance of printed antenna is equal to traditional copper etched antennas

Software & Hardware

RFID Software are available in the market differing in their cost, coverage and complexities RSI ID Technologies is a web based application that can run in the internet or an intranet How? Each item is tagged with a label with an integrated RFID transponder. Each RFID transponder is preprogrammed with a static information which is associated with an item, and is assigned a location, the RFID continually queries and reads each tag to verify that the RFID label is still present at the assigned location and when an item is removed from the shelf, the system can trigger any type of external equipment, for ex. Camera or an anti theft alarm, or lock the doors. Etc.. Giit Software: Enables to manage your assets more efficiently and with reduced information error and data loss. And hardware part comprises of Readers and Transponders ? Readers and Transponders Previously the transponders ( tags ) were of size of hockey puck fastened to the bottom of his rig.. And now togs are so small that can easily sit on dashboard, and trigger the toll gate 70 miles away.

Merits & Demerits

Larger Memoy capacities wider reading ranges Faster processing Multiple tag read/write Loger life Environmetally friendly Greater Antenna flexibilty No line of sight requirement Can be relayed to a computer and the data can be processed to higher degrees Tracking in real time Animal tagging and tracking Optional GPS integration

Applications

Supply chain Management Parcel & Post Garment transponders Library and rental sectors Baggage Tagging Access control Mass transit ticketing

Questions ? please

Thank you