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AAiT

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Addis Ababa University

Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

By Fitsum Mergia Advisor Tizazu


A Thesis proposal Submitted to Ato Tizazu in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course Research methodology

January 10, 2014

Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Statement of the problem .................................................................................................................... 6 Scope of the work ................................................................................................................................... 7 Objective of the present work ............................................................................................................. 7 General objective ............................................................................................................................... 7 Specific objective ................................................................................................................................ 7 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Literature review....................................................................................................................................... 8 Work Schedule........................................................................................................................................ 11 Required budget ................................................................................................................................... 12 Works Cited ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Proposal Submission format ................................................................................................................ 14

2 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

List of Abbreviations
3G 2G QoS UMTS UE WCDMA RRC 3GPP UTRA FDD TDD Mcps Cell_PCH Cell_FACH Cell_DCH Third generation mobile communication technology Second generation mobile communication technology Quality of service Universal Mobile Telecommunications System User Equipment Wideband Code division multiple access Radio resource control Third generation partnership project Universal terrestrial radio access Frequency division duplex Time division duplex Mega chips per second Cell Paging channel Cell Forward access channel Cell Dedicated channel

3 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

List of Figures
Figure : 1 RRC Connection states ................................................................................................... 10 Figure: 2 Work Schedule ................................................................................................................... 11

List of Tables
Table: 1 required budget..................................................................................................................... 12

4 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

Introduction
The advent of 3G mobile technologies in Ethiopia provides a wide range of alternatives for mobile data users. And now a day 3G has become the connection option of choice in a lot of instances. Even for the areas where 2G network quality is poor 3G has become the first choice of the subscriber for Voice service. Yet there is quality of service issues that needs to be addressed in the course of network optimization. And in this research I will focus on one of the QoS issue that ethio telecom is currently working on to improve the smartphone users experience on 3G network. Beginning from year 2012 ethio telecom has received many complaints from smartphone users regarding their short battery life while using 3G data services. And until recently the extent of the problem was not well understood among the optimization engineers of the company. There have been lots of researches [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]on optimizing the power usage of smartphone and most of the researches point out that the 3G radio communication is a significant contributor to battery drain on smartphones [3] [6] [2].That being the case the root cause for this significant radio energy consumption is mainly due to the energy wasted during a special interval ,known as the tail time [3].The tail time refers to the time interval after a packet transmission is completed. Since re-establishing a radio connection after releasing the radio resource incurs a long delay and a high signaling overhead, radio connection between the UE (User equipment) and the network is maintained in the tail time, expecting that a subsequent transmission is very likely to happen in the tail time [3]. However, a large amount of radio energy would be wasted if the expected transmission does not occur in the tail time [3]. In UMTS 3G networks, multiple timers are used to control the radio resource [7] .And if the timeout value for releasing the resource is not configured based on

5 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

the data transmission pattern it will results in prolonged tail time which in turn leads to unnecessary radio energy consumption. So in this research the statistical data transmission pattern on the existing ethio telecom 3G network would be modeled based on empirical data obtained from network performance statistics. Afterwards network parameter optimization would be done on selected network timers in such a way that the smartphone power usage is minimized.

Statement of the problem


In 3G network, the timers that control when the radio resources have to be release must be configured based on the actual data transmission pattern. And the actual data transmission patter has its own dynamics since the pattern very much depends on the users data usage experience. Hence the timers value should track the dynamics in the data transmission. Otherwise there would be unnecessary energy consumption in the smartphones or cell phones in general.
Specifically, there are two challenges when doing an optimization on these timers. First and for most this research is bounded within the frame work of the industrial standards and protocols that are already in place. So any change introduced to improve the smartphones power consumption must not affect any other network policies. If the values for this timer are made very short the smartphones batter life would be improved very much but it has its own downside. As we reduce the timers value there would be frequent breaking and making of signaling connection between the smartphones and the network and this by itself put signaling processing overhead on the network side and also there would be delay in the data transmissions which in turn create bad customer experience.

6 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

Scope of the work


The scope of this research is to do parameter optimization based on the data transmission model which will be drawn based on the ethio telecom 3G network performance statistics analysis. The research also includes network simulation to see the effect of the parameter optimization both in smartphone power reduction aspect and on data transmission delay time aspect. The research doesnt include actual implementation of the proposed action on the live network. But the power consumption analysis would be done based on the existing parameter configuration to get further insight into the existing problem.

Objective of the present work


General objective The main goal of this research is to explore different optimization solutions to reduce smartphone power usage on 3G network while keeping the delay in data transmission within reasonable range. Specific objective To address ethio telecom 3G customers complaint in regard to battery power drain in their smartphone. To study the statistical nature of the data transmission pattern in the existing 3G network. To do parameter optimization on the RRC state transition timers based on data transmission model.

Methodology
Prepare experimental setup to study the power consumption of the smartphone in the existing ethio telecom 3G network. Make performance statistics analysis to understand the different variables that contribute to the network data transmission pattern. Select appropriate network statistics index and counter.

7 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

If the measurement task for the selected counter is not started yet start the measurement task. Identify the variable parameters and chose the sample size and duration for the network statistics. Make in-depth analysis on the statistical nature of the user data transmission pattern. After identifying the appropriate statistical characteristics make proposal on appropriate value of T1, T2 and T3 timers. Create simulation environment to see the effect of the new parameter values.

Literature review
In order to fame this research in the right context and to enrich the formulation of the research idea I have selected five research papers [1] [2] [3] [7] [8], two white papers [4] [6] and one 3GPP technical specification document for review. Almost all the literatures selected for review, one way or the other, have touched the issue of smartphone power conservation. For instance the white paper [6] prepared by signals research Group, titled Smartphones and A 3G Network mainly focus on the effects of smartphones on 3G network in regard to signaling load. Yet this literature also discussed the result of the experiment made on two different 3G networks, to determine if an operator and its infrastructure partner can limit the amount of signaling traffic that is being generated while not decreasing the life of the cellphone battery. To this end the literature shows the two variables that we need to tradeoff while we do research in the area of power conservation in smartphones. Furthermore this particular experimental setup would be the starting point for my research hypotheses that says data transmission pattern varies from operator to operator

8 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

and from country to country and it has statistical signature that can be used for optimization . To see the big picture in to which this research fit in, it is essential to have recap on 3G WCDMA radio network technology with special focus on the radio resource protocol. Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) is one of the third-generation (3G) wireless standards that evolve through time under the standardization group of 3GPP. The 3GPP is an organization that develops specifications for a 3G system based on the UTRA radio interface and on the enhanced GSM core network. The UTRA system encompasses two modes: frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). In the FDD mode the uplink and downlink use separate frequency bands. These carriers have bandwidth of 5MHz. Each carrier is divided in to 10 ms radio frames, and each frame further divided into 15 time slots .The UTRAN chip1 rate is 3.84 Mcps. Every second, 3.84 million chips are sent over the radio interface. However, the number of data bits transmitted during the same time period is much smaller. The ratio between the chip rate and the data bit rate is called the spreading factor (J. Korhonen, 2003, p.14). There are four primary RRC (Radio Resource control) states in a 3G network: Idle, Cell_PCH , Cell_FACH and Cell_DCH. Of these four states ,the last three states indicate various level of being connected to the network .When a device is connected to the network it is generally consuming at least some network resources. The RRC state has an impact on the battery life with some states requiring considerable more current consumption than other states. There are also three inactivity timers that are used to determine when a handset or smartphones should move to a lower state following a specified period of inactivity. The T1 timer refers to the period of inactivity within the cell_DCH state
1

A chip is a bit in a code word, which is used to modulate the information signal .Since they represent no information by themselves, they are called chips rather than bits

9 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

before the 3G device is sent to a lower state. The T2 timer is associated with the Cell_FACH state and it is used in a similar fashion for determining how long the 3G device should remain in the cell_FACH state without any activity .Finally, the T3 timer determines how long the handset should remain in cell_PCH before returning to the idle state. (Signal Research group, 2010, p.12)

Figure : 1 RRC Connection states

Regarding the problem of smartphones battery drain while using 3G data service, many researches [1] [2] [3] [5] [7] [8] have been made to seek more efficient solution. By way of example we can consider one novel approach proposed by three researchers , B.Zhao , Q.Zheng ,G.Cao , from Pennsylvania state university [7]. Basically this approach made a predication on user webpage reading time and based on this predication it will let the smartphones to switch to low power state when the reading time is longer than a threshold [7]. One downside for this approach is that it put additional computation overhead to smartphones .But still the experimental result of this approach is promising [7]. In a like manner the other research paper [1] selected for review also introduce another approach which is somewhat static. In this approach the researchers

10 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

tries to model the power consumption of 3G radio link based on several measurement results and based on this model the researchers made parameter selection for 3GPP transition state machine .But regarding its scope the research only consider data transmission with constant bit rate which of Couse will not be the typical case scenario for WCDMA network. So to this end the approach is not generic. In summary, this literature review section highlights the following two key points in regard to conservation of power in smartphones. The first key point is regarding the tradeoff that exists between the network signaling load and the smartphone battery life. And the other key point is regarding the two typical approaches that researchers used to reduce the smartphone power usage while keeping the delay of data transmission within reasonable range.

Work Schedule

Figure: 2 Work Schedule

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Required budget
Category Type of Currency Unit Quantity Total In Unit price Eth. Birr

1 Stationery 1.1 Cartridge paper 1.2 Correction fluid 1.3 Eraser 1.4 File folder 1.5 Highlighter 1.6 Notebook 1.7 Marker pen 1.8 Pen 1.9 pencil 2 Software/Computer 2.1 MapInfo 2.2 Laptop Computer with high capacity

BIRR BIRR BIRR BIRR BIRR BIRR BIRR BIRR BIRR BIRR BIRR

pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs Licens e pcs

4000 2 4 10 10 5 5 10 10 1 1

0.3 10 5 10 15 10 10 5 3 2,000 15,000 Total

1200 20 20 100 150 50 50 50 30 2000 15000 18605

Table: 1 required budget

12 | PROPOSAL: Smart phone power usage optimization for the case of Addis Ababa 3G network

Works Cited
[1] L. Wang, A. Ukhanova, and E. Belyaev, "Power consumption analysis of constant bit rate data transmission over 3G mobile wireless networkds," in 11 th international conference on ITS Telecommunications, 2011. [2] S. D. a. H. Balakrishnan, "Traffic-Aware Techniques to Reduce 3G/LTE Wireless Energy Consumption," in Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2012, p. 12. [3] Y. K. a. J. Kim, "Personalized Diapause : Reducing Radio Energy Consumption of Smartphones by Network-Context Aware Dormancy Predictions," in Seoul National University, Seoul, p. 5. [4] Nokia Siemens Networks Smart Labs, "Understanding Smart Phone Behavior in the Network ," Nokia Siemens networks Smart Labs, no. C401-00686-WP-201101-1-EN, pp. 1-12, 2011. [5] P. N. L. M. Zheng, Smart phone and next generation mobile computing. Amsterdam; Boston; San Francisco; Oxford, Netherlands ;US;UK: Elsevier ; Morgan Kaufmann ; Elsevier Science [distributor], 2006. [6] Signals Research Group ,LLC, "Smartphones and A 3G Network," Nokia Siemens Periodic Research Paper, May May 2010. [7] Q. Z. ,. C. a. S. A. Bo Zhao, "Energy -Aware Web Browsing in 3G Based smartphones," in 2013 IEEE 33rd international conference on Distributed Computing systems, Pennsylvania State University, 2013, pp. 165-175. [8] Y. L. T. M. R. C. L. J. Y. Z. Q. L. Fengyuan Xu, "Optimizing Background Email Sync on Smartphones," in Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China ;Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA, Beijing, China :USA, 2013, p. 14. [9] J. Korhonen, Introduction to 3G mobile Communication, Second Edition ed. Boston london, UK: Artech House , 2003. [10] 3GPP, "UMTS Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol specification," 3GPP ; ETSI TSTechnical Specification 3GPP TS 25.331 version 7.23.0 Release 7, 2013.

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Proposal Submission format

Submitted by:
Fitsum Mergia Aknaw Student __________________ Signature ___________________ Date

Approved by: 1. Tizazu Advisor 2. ___________________ Chairman, Dept.s Graduate Committee __________________ Signature _________________ Signature ___________________ Date ___________________ Date

3.

____________________ Chairman, Facultys Graduate Committee

_________________ Signature

___________________ Date

4.

____________________ Dean, Graduate school

_________________ Signature

_________________ Date

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