various means of communication

Communication is the sending and receiving of spoken or written messages between people and places. Letters are the most common means of communication. Other means are telegram, telephone, telex, fax, e-mail, radio, television, newspapers, etc. Every city and nearly all the villages of our country have post offices. We can buy postcards, inland letters, envelopes and stamps from the post office. We can also send parcels and money through money orders to our frinds and relatives. This method of communication costs very little. Quick Mail Service and speed post have also been started in some big cities. India has one of the largest postal Service networks in the world. We can send or receive messages more quickly by means of a telegram. We do it through the telegraphs office. The telegraphic message should be very brief. Telephone is the fastest means of communication. Today, we can talk to people in far-off cities or even in different countries through the STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialing) and ISD (International Subscriber Dialing). Telephone facilities are available in all cities, towns and most of the villages these days. India has made great strides in the telecommunication sector in recent years. Telephone services are better and much cheaper than before. Cellular phones are also being increasingly used. We can also send message by electronic-mail (e-mail) and the internet to any part of the world on the computers. The internet is a worldwide computer network, by which a user can connect his computer to another computer in any part of the world. E-mail is a very inexpensive means of communication. The letter, telephone and e-mail are personal means of communication i.e. they are used as means of communication between individuals. When we have to communicate with a big group of people, or many people at one time, we have to use means of mass communication Newspaper, radio or television, etc., are means of mass communication. A newspaper has something for everybody. It gives opinions, information and news of interest from every corner of the world. In India, newspaper and magazines are published in English and regional languages. Those who cannot read or write listen to the radio or watch programmes on television. These two means of mass communication have revolutionized our everyday life. Now we can listen to news, discussions and enjoy the different programmes of entertainment without leaving home. On radio and television, there are programmes for students and farmers. Now we can see films at home with our family. We can even watch events as they are happening in any part of the world sitting at home. We can also learn about the habits and culture of the people of different parts of the world. Every means of communication is useful in its own way. Together, they help us keep in touch with our friends, relatives and the world.

Newspapers

Newspapers are the oldest kind of communication but we can say that they are today quite old-fashioned. They are not flexible because when something happens you cant read about it until the next day. You can read some newspapers on the Internet too. Newspapers still have their own magic. People are weary of looking in a box and it is very nice to buy newspapers, have a cup of coffee and a breakfast in the garden. Nobody is disturbing you. Everything is calm. Its like magic. 3 main kinds of newspaper: Broad sheets (a quality newspaper) very big pages, hardly any colour pages, not too much photos, more difficult language, it focuses on some topic more details and facts, longer articles, more tidy-looking, nearly about everything (policy, culture, money...) people who read it are businessmen, people with higher education, people who dont like blabs (kecy) The Independent, The Daily Telegraph, MF, Lidov noviny, Svoboda

Tabloids smaller pages, dramatic headlines, lots of colour pages, plenty of photos, short articles, human interests stories and sensations, simple language, many blabs they more popular than broad sheets, in GB the circulation is about 3 mil per day, it is read by all society ranks The Sun, The Mirror, Blesk, Hrom (both are shits)

Special interests magazines they are issued weekly or monthly, they intent on special things (gardening, computers, food...) they are much more expensive than daily newspapers but they are printed in better paper, you should be more educated in a special things to understand it

Radio

Radio is the second oldest kind of media. Although we nowadays have TV radio is still very popular. It has lots of advantages: you can take it nearly where you want (very popular in a car) because it is mostly used for listening to music it is very good for relaxing just to lie down and listen to it (watching TV became tiring) it is very often used for a background sound; it can notify about events quicker than a TV at present the radio is very well developed so if you have a good receiver you are able to choose which kind of programs you like to listen to (PTY) you can also notify people about traffic jams and other events but not is spoken way but in words (RDS)

There are also some disadvantages to a TV you cant see the moving pictures Kinds of programs: childrens, current affairs, discussion, pop music, gardening, arts, natural, history, film review, customer affairs, language-learning, human interest, fashion, light entertainment, variety; documentaries, the news (is), soap operas, quiz shows, game shows, breakfast TV, costume dramas, the National Lottery draw, film, action series, weather forecast, sci-fi series...

Broadcasting in BG and CZ GB 5 channels: BBC 1, BBC 2 (these two dont have adverts), ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, + satellite programs CZ T 1, T 2, Nova, Prima, + satellite programs

The Internet

Very huge, world-wide, very fast, lots of information more than in TV, it costs a lot of money to have Internet today because you have to pay the provider (he has the entrance to Internet) and you have to pay the telephone if you use modem, hard link costs at least 10 000 crowns a month... But you can find there everything if you know how to find it.