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Chapter 11 Section 2
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Describe the size of an atom Name the parts of an atom Describe the relationship between numbers of protons & neutrons and atomic number State how isotopes differ Calculate atomic masses Describe the forces within an atom
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A penny contains 2 x 10²² atoms of copper and zinc (20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) Atoms are very small!!
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An aluminum atom has a diameter of 0.00000003cm
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Protons
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Neutrons
Electrons
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Sm
Judul Asli
The Atom Ch11.2 8th PDF (Information obtained from: Holt Science and Technology: Physical Science. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 2007. Print.)
Chapter 11 Section 2
ï½ ï½ ï½
Describe the size of an atom Name the parts of an atom Describe the relationship between numbers of protons & neutrons and atomic number State how isotopes differ Calculate atomic masses Describe the forces within an atom
ï½ ï½ ï½
ï½
A penny contains 2 x 10²² atoms of copper and zinc (20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) Atoms are very small!!
ï½
ï½
An aluminum atom has a diameter of 0.00000003cm
ï½
Protons
ï½
Neutrons
Electrons
ï½
ï½
Sm
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
Chapter 11 Section 2
ï½ ï½ ï½
Describe the size of an atom Name the parts of an atom Describe the relationship between numbers of protons & neutrons and atomic number State how isotopes differ Calculate atomic masses Describe the forces within an atom
ï½ ï½ ï½
ï½
A penny contains 2 x 10²² atoms of copper and zinc (20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) Atoms are very small!!
ï½
ï½
An aluminum atom has a diameter of 0.00000003cm
ï½
Protons
ï½
Neutrons
Electrons
ï½
ï½
Sm
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
A penny contains 2 x 10²² atoms of copper and zinc (20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)
Atoms are very small!!
An aluminum atom has a diameter of
0.00000003cm Protons
Neutrons
Electrons Small, dense, positively charged center of the atom
Contain most of the atom’s mass
Protons & neutrons are found here
Positively charged particles in the nucleus
Mass of a proton: 1.7 x 10ˉ²4g or
.000000000000000000000017
New unit for particles of atoms: Atomic
Mass Unit (AMU) ◦ SI unit used to express the masses of particles in atoms ◦ Each proton has a mass of about 1 amu Particles in the nucleus that have no electrical charge
A little large than protons
So close in size that they are also considered
1 amu
http://www.phscale.net/atom-model.gif Electrons: negatively charges particles in atoms
Found around the nucleus in electron clouds
Very small compared to neutrons & protons
It takes ~1,800 electrons = 1 proton
Charges of protons & electrons are opposite but equal – charges cancel
An atom is neutral – no overall charge
If # of electrons & protons are not equal,
atom becomes a charged particle = ION ◦ Lose 1 or more electron = positively charged ion ◦ Gain 1 or more electron = negatively charged ion What makes atoms different from each other?
Atoms do not have the same number of
protons, electrons, and neutrons
Build an atom to see:
◦ 1 proton, 1 electron, 0 neutrons = Hydrogen ◦ 2 protons, 2 neutrons, 2 electrons = Helium The number of protons = atomic number
All atoms of an element have the same
atomic number
Hydrogen: atomic number 1, protons 1
Carbon: atomic number 6, protons 6 An atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (different atomic mass)
Ex: Isotopes of Hydrogen
◦ 1 proton, 1 electron ◦ 1 proton, 1 neutron, 1 electron http://www.radiation-scott.org/timeline/isotope_definition_LARGE.jpg Each element has a limited number of isotopes that are found in nature
Some are unstable (nucleus changes over
time) = radioactive
Isotopes of the same element share similar
properties ◦ Ex: Oxygen isotopes: 8,9, or 10 neutrons – all are colorless, odorless gases at room temp. Identified by its mass number (sum of protons & neutrons in an atom)
Why aren’t electrons included in mass #?
Ex: Boron isotope – Fig. 5 pg. 322
◦ Mass number = protons + neutrons
Write the name of the element followed by a hyphen and the mass number
Ex: Hydrogen-1: 1 proton, no neutron
Hydrogen-2: 1 proton, 1 neutron
Ex: Carbon-12: mass number 12, atomic
number 6, neutrons 6 ◦ Mass number - # of protons = # of neutrons Copper used to make the Statue of Liberty
◦ Copper-63
◦ Copper-65
◦ Atomic mass is 63.6amu
Most elements contain a mixture if 2 or more isotopes
Atomic mass: the mass of an atom expressed
in atomic mass units; the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element
Go to math focus pg. 323
What are the forces acting between these particles in an atom?
4 main forces: give atoms their structure &
properties ◦ Gravitational force ◦ Electromagnetic force ◦ Strong force: nucleus stays together because of it ◦ Weak force: important in radioactive atoms What is an atom’s mass number equal to?