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Air Pollution by Sugar Factory.

SECOND YEAR (MECHANICAL)

ATSS

SBGIS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MIRAJ.


TILAK NAGAR, WANLESSWADI. MIRAJ. 416 410
(2010- 2011)

SUBMITTED BY

SARVESH S. VERNEKAR . PRATIK P. PHALLE.


PROJECT GUIDE

N.P.KULKARNI.

SYNOPSIS
1) Na ! "# $%! &$'(!)$*+ SAR,ES- S. ,ERNEKAR . PRATIK P. P-ALLE .) Na ! "# $%! /0a&&*SECOND YEAR 1MEC-ANICAL) 2) Na ! "# $%! /"00!3!*+ ATSS, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MIRAJ. TILAK NAGAR, WANLESSWADI, MIRAJ*+416410 4) Na ! "# $%! /"'4&!*+ MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 5) Na ! "# $%! 3'6(!*+ Mrs. N.P.KULKARNI. 6) T6$0! "# $%! 74"8!/$*+

Air P !!"#i $ %& S"'(r )(*# r&.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that

SAR,ES- S. ,ERNEKAR . PRATIK P. P-ALLE

Air Pollution by Sugar factory.


In fulfillment for the requirement of

Have successfully completed the project entitled,

SECOND YEAR +MECHANICALENGINEERING,


H.O.D Mr.V.T.PATIL. PROJECT GUIDE Mrs.N.P.KULKARNI. PRINCIPAL Mr.N.K.PATIL.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project report NEW TEC-NI9UES FOR BETTER EN,IRONMENT: in Sangli region is reported by us to get objectives of officers to complete accurate and error free work within time. It is partial fulfillment for award of achelor of !ngineering. "e would like to take this opportunity thanks. "e e#press our sincere thanks to $rs.%ulkarni of environmental studies for supporting to complete this project work in time. "e would also like to thank our all friends and teachers& who help and support us for our project.

D(#-. P!(*-.$I'().
Mr. S/ANAND 0OSHI. Mr. PRA1HAT SO2ANI.

DECLARATION
Sir, We, the undersigned, hereby declare that the project entitled&

+AIR POLLUTION 1Y SUGAR 3ACTORY,


is written and submitted by us to, ATSs

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,MIRAJ.


+uring the year 2,-,.2,-- for the subject +

EN2IRONMENTAL

SCIENCE , under the guidance of MrS. N .P. KULKARNI.


The empirical findings in this project are based on the data collected by us only. This project is not copied from any other sources. 3 r4(r5-5 %&/ S('0!S1 S. 0!'2!%('. 3'(TI% 3. 31(44!.

H-(5, D-7#. ) M-*8. E$''. C.O.E.M.


Mr.2.T.PATIL.

Pr 6-*# '"i5-

Pri$*i7(!, R.I.T.

MrS. N.P.KULKARNI.

Mr.N.K.PATIL.

CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
5

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= Pollution is the addition to the ecosystem something which has detrimental effect on it. One of the most important causes of pollution is the high rate of energy usage by modern, growing population. Environmental degradation is the severe & growing problem faced by the modern humanity today the world over. Through there has been gradual increase in the awareness about the causes& impact of environment decline on human life in developed countries, such awareness & resultant action are grossly lacking in the developed countries. One of most important issues of global concern today is environmental degradation &the term is commonly used in the media & most of the public discussions. Any debate related to environment is incomplete without addressing pollution, especially with reference to industrial development. Pollution is defined as any undesirable change in the physical chemical & biological characteristics of natural water, air or soil, which can adversely affect the life or can, create potential health ha!ard to any living organism or can cause damage non"living things, material or property.# $n simple word any, direct or indirect alteration in any of the components in the environment which is harmful to man or any other living organism or living organism or industrial process or property is referred as pollution. The pollution can categori!e depending upon origin & cause of pollutant as natural pollution & man made pollution. The other category includes the pollution is caused by discharge of unhealthy materials due to man made activities. Pollution is generally grouped in to four categories, depending upon nature of pollutants affecting components or media of the environment, as pollution of air, water & soil.

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> Air pollution is the accumulation in the atmosphere of substances that, insufficient concentrations, endanger human health or producer other measured effects on living matter and other materials. Among the ma%or sources of pollution are power and heat generation, the burning of solid wastes, industrial processes, and especially transportation. The si& ma%or types of pollutants are carbon mono&ide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen o&ide, particulates, sulfur o&ide, and photochemical o&idants. Though normally the sources of air pollution are man made at there could be natural sources as well. The ma%or sources of man made air pollution is gasses & particulates related from burning of fossils fuel like coal, petrol, diesel, kerosene used in the domestic & industrial activities. They include vehicle e&haust, agricultural activities, mining, energy generation etc. released from automobile due to in complete combustion of fossil fuel. Effect of air pollution are far reaching & relatively long lasting. These effects can be broadly grouped in to four categories i.e. '( )lobal effect, *( Effects on human being, +( Effects on plants ,( Effects on non"living things. The global effect includes global climate change, stratospheric o!one depletion, global warming. Photochemical smog & acid rains also affect on large areas & transboundry region.

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EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION

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8an affect the cardio.vascular system& e#acter.bating cardiovascular disease symptoms& particularly angina@ may also particularly affect fetuses& sickle cell anemic and young

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children. 8an affect the central nervous system& impairing physical coordination& vision and judgment& creating nausea and headaches& reducing worker productivity and increasing personal discomfort. 2itrogen dio#ide A262B can affect the respiratory system. 2itrogen A262B& where they play a part in 26 and 262 can contribute significantly to acid deposition and other eco.systems such as fertiliDing effect on forests.

mono#ide A26B and nitrogen dio#ide damaging aCuatic eco.systems photochemical some formation& may forests 26# can also have a contribute indirectly to increased susceptibility to infections& pulmonary disease& impairment of lung function and eye& nose and thread irritations. Sulphur dio#ide AS62B can affect lung function. Sulphur o#ides can contribute significantly to acid deposition impairing aCuatic and forest
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ecosystems. Sulphates can affect the perception of the environment by reducing visibility even at low :ine particulate matter may be to#ic in itself or may carry to#ic Aincluding carcinogenicB trace substance& and can alter the immune deep into the respiratory system irritating lung tissue and causing long.term disorders. concentrations. :ine particulate can significantly reduce visibility. 1igh dust and soot levels are associated with a general environment.

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system. :ine particulate can penetrate perception of dirtiness of the -,

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The ma%or pollutants emitted by motor vehicles include -O, .O&, sulphur o&ides, /0O(, 1-, lead /Pb( and suspended particulate matter /0P2(. These pollutants have damaging effects on both human health and ecology. The human health effects of air pollution vary in the degree of severity, covering a range of

minor effects to serious illness, as well as premature death in certain cases. 2ost of the conventional air pollutants are believed to directly affect the respiratory and cardio"vascular systems. $n particular, high levels of 0O* and 0P2 are associated with increased mortality, morbidity and impaired pulmonary function, 3ead prevents hemoglobin synthesis in red blood cells in bone marrow, impairs liver and kidney function and causes neurological damage.

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$nternal combustion engines need a mi&ture of air and fuel to burn and produce energy to move the vehicle. $t is these burnt gases which come out of the e&haust have the potential to cause pollution. $n petrol engines the gases comprise of a mi&ture of unburnt hydrocarbons /1-(, -arbon 2ono&ide /-O(, O&ides of .itrogen /.O&(. $t is a combination of these gases that which result in automobile pollution when they are in e&cess 4uantity. 5ithin a certain range they are acceptable but when the engine is not tuned properly or a vehicle uses obsolete technology or the 4uality of fuel is not good then all these result in a higher level of emission of all the gases. $f the air fuel mi&ture ratio is not correct then it increases the chances of pollution as it leads to inefficient. Also it leads to reduced power and fuel wastage, which in turn means less efficient performance of the engine along with lower fuel economy.

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All motor vehicles release pollutants into the air " mostly through the e&haust fumes that come out of the tailpipe when the engine operates. And it6s not %ust the 6bombs6 leaving a trail of black smoke that are responsible. Often it6s newer cars too " 77.,8 of all pollutant gases are invisible. 9our car also releases emissions even when it6s standing still, as fumes from petrol and lubricants evaporate into the air. Pollutants produced by vehicle e&hausts include: carbon mono&ide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen o&ides, particles, volatile organic compounds and sulfur dio&ide. At high levels these chemicals add to smog and affect human health.

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;esearch has shown that motor vehicles currently contribute around <=8 of 0outh"East >ueensland6s air pollution. ?nless we all start reducing car use and motor vehicle pollution, this level is set to increase dramatically. $ndependent research conducted by >ueensland Transport has identified air 4uality as a ma%or concern among people in 0outh"East >ueensland. An average car in 0outh"East >ueensland contributes almost si& tones of pollutants each year to air pollution. That6s e4uivalent in weight to appro&imately seven small cars.

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@espite this, current air 4uality is relatively good " but that doesn6t mean it will remain that way in the future. 0outh"East >ueensland6s population is predicted to increase to three million over the ne&t 'A years. $f car use continues to rise, researchers predict we will double the number of vehicle kilometers traveled over the same period. That6s an awful lot of traffic congestion and air pollution to look forward to. ;eleasing some emissions /and causing some air pollution( is an unavoidable by"product of using a motor vehicle. But there are simple steps you can take to make sure your vehicle6s emission levels are as low as possible.

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Service your car re u!ar!y keeping your car in tune reduces air pollution. The only ways you will know if your car is releasing pollutants into the air is to have an emissions check when you have your car serviced. According to the Cederal Office of ;oad 0afety6s /CO;0( .ational $n"0ervice Dehicle Emissions 0tudy, if all vehicles were tuned correctly there would be up to:

'E8 less tailpipe hydrocarbon emissionsF *E8 less tailpipe carbon mono&ide emissionsF and 78 less o&ides of nitrogen emissions.

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-9 1ydrocarbons and nitrogen o&ides react with sunlight and warm temperatures to form ground"level o!one. )round"level o!one, a main ingredient in smog, can cause upper respiratory problems and lung damage. The same CO;0 study revealed that, on average, maintenance to polluting vehicles does not re4uire the replacement of ma%or or e&pensive parts. Tuning is mainly limited to the following items:

;eplace points and air filter ;eplace fuel filter /if necessary( ;eplace oil and oil filter -heck spark plug condition and gap, and ad%ust or replace as necessary -heck distributor condition and operation and ad%ust as necessary -heck and ad%ust idle mi& and speed -heck and replace spark plug and distributor leads as necessary -heck and replace hoses and other minor items in fuelGelectricalGemission control system as necessary

E&amine vehicle diagnostics and replace faulty components.

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-learly, through keeping your car regularly tuned you are ensuring that you don6t needlessly pollute the air. 9ou are also helping your car to run more smoothly and reducing your running costs, saving you money. ;egular tuning also reduces the likelihood of your car breaking down or developing ma%or mechanical faults which will save you money in the long"term. To show you %ust how much money you can possibly save by keeping your car in tune, see the Money Saver Meter. All vehicles should be tuned at least twice a year, but you should always take notice of how your vehicle is running. 3isten for unusual engine noises like misfiring and check oil and fluid levels. 5arning lights on your dashboard are a good indication if something is wrong. ;efer to your car6s manual for the manufacturer6s recommended service schedules. 0mall changes make a world of difference to ensuring clean air.

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$n an effort to check automobile pollution in this country, the )overnment of $ndia has made mandatory the use of unleaded petrol for the petrol fuelled engine. But as an owner and user of automobile, we must all do our bit to not only control and reduce pollution but also get the best out of our vehicle.

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'. -hange engine oil at manufacturer recommended intervals or if the vehicle has been lying unused for a long period. *. 5hile changing lubricant, make sure you use the recommended brand and more importantly, the grade of oil e&ample, ,=05 '=. .ever use the wrong grade of oil. +. $f it is a carbureted vehicle, clean and tune the carburetors and ad%ust the speed every +=== kms. ,. -heck and ad%ust tappet clearance. A. $nspect spark"plug clearance, clean and ad%ust gap. ;eplace plugs if necessary. E. -heck the ignition timing and set as per the manufacturer recommendation.

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-? <. -heck tyre pressure regularly because low tyre pressure causes drag which increases fuel consumption. H. $f the vehicle has been parked unused for a long time, have the engine tuned and the engine oil replaced.

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/'( Avoid unnecessary revving or idling of the engine, it not only increases your fuel consumption but also increases pollution. /*( 0witch off the engine at red"lights, or where you are likely to stop for more than two minutes. /+( Try and drive around the speeds of A="E= kmph in top gear. /,( 0peeding increases fuel consumption and this in turn increases pollution.

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CONCLUSION.(fter doing survey on this project we conclude that air pollution which Sr .n o Two!ee"er Fo#r!ee"er $%&y&"e

Department

1. AUTOMOBILE DEPT.
CSTAFFD CSTUDENTSD 1> 1? 0> 00 02 0@

2. MECHANICAL DEPT.
CSTAFFD CSTUDENTSD 2> 2? 0A 00 0> 1@

3. CIVIL DEPT.
CSTAFFD CSTUDENTSD 0> 2B 12 00 0B 11

4. ETC DEPT.
CSTAFFD CSTUDENTSD 0A 0@ 0C 00 02 0B

5. COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT.


CSTAFFD CSTUDENTSD 11 1C 01 00 02 0D

is done by automobile is very dangerous .So an emergency step should be


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taken to minimiDed or to reduced this pollution by implementing various norms& use of alternative fuel which creates less pollution & modification in automobiles in engines and systems. Similarly& a common man should also take some measure to keep their vehicle as a non polluting vehicle

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"e student of our automobile engineering have done one survey regarding the vehicle entering into our college campus which is brought in college campus area by our regular students and staff members. (ccording to our survey number of two.wheelers is -5* and no of four wheelers are 3-comming per day. If number of vehicles in our college campus is ->5 coming per day& this means that our college atmosphere is not pollution free atmosphere So friends this is the time to get unite together to reduce pollution from our campus area by taking some steps in our college campus which are given below/ 2on vehicle day once in a week.
7se of as much bicycle as we can. 0ehicle entering in the college campus should be 378 check

( good e#ample is 1ITS ' B640a I)&$6$'$! "# T!/%)"0"3B) PILLANI@ RA0ISTHAN which is having -,,E pollution free atmosphere due to the reason that& in that college no vehicles are allowed. <ou can only drive bicycles. S" ?! /a) /4!a$! 7"00'$6") #4!! /a 7'& =B $aA6)3 $%! a=";! !)$6")!( &$!7&.

REFRENCES.www.google.com .
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Environment science by Shivaji University

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