MI0041 JAVA AND WEB DESIGN Q1. Explain the browser components and its features. ANSWER.

Main Components of Browser: The Web browser consists of seven main components, each having a specific task to perform and they are: User interface: It consists of an address bar where you can enter the URL, bookmark menu to save the links of your favorite Web pages. Browser engine: It is the interface through which you can ask questions to the browser and manipulate the rendering engine. Rendering engine: It is displays the content you had requested, after obtaining it from the respective Web server. Networking: It is used for calling the network for example, raising an HTTP request for a URL connection through the server. Display backend: It provides drawing tools, user interface widgets, and fonts that help to display text and graphics. Java script interpreter: It is used to parse and execute the codes of written using the Java script Data storage: This enables the browser to save all the data on the hard disk and acts as the database of the browser. Web Browser and its Features: Address field: This is the area on the browser window where you enter the Web page address or URL. Back and forward buttons: The back button is used to go back to the previous page that you have opened in a particular browser window. The forward button allows you to view pages that you have previously viewed in that browser window. Home button: When you click this button you will be able to view the page that you have set as home page. Refresh or reload: When you click the refresh or reload button, the page is updated. Security indicators:

At the left corner of the window, a lock icon appears when you use a browser and this is called padlock. If the padlock is in a lock position then you can say that your server connection is secure. Status bar: This is a bar at the bottom of the browser window which indicates the URL of the Web page currently being loaded into the browser window. Stop button: This button is used to stop the browser from loading the Web page on to the browsing window. Q2. Describe in detail the building of webpage. Ans. Building a Web Page: We understood the basic concepts of HTML. Now let us study how to organize the content on a Web page. Building a Web page involves great planning and design. Before you design the Webpage it is very important to plan the structure of the Web page and also decide the kind of content that you insert in to the Web page. While doing so, you need to understand the requirements of the audience who use the Web page clearly. Therefore, you need to define the objectives of your design clearly before gathering the content. While gathering the content, you must ensure that you do not include any content that does not define the objectives. Once you have gathered, organized, and structure the next part is deciding upon the placement of the content on the Web page. A plan that describes how to organize the various elements of content like text, graphics and so on, on the Web page is known as the Web layout. While designing the Web layout, you first need to decide the position and placement of every element of the content.

Some of the basic aspects of Web layout that you need to keep in mind while designing a Webpage are: Space and white space: Try to use the entire space available on the Web page. However, make sure you do not overcrowd the page with too much information. You need to keep the screen resolution in mind so that your text does not look too small or too large. Images and graphics: Images and graphics are a major part of your Web layout. You need to make sure that you check the image size and position before you put it on the Web page. Since, images have large impact on the audience than the text Text width: Often referred to as scan length this defines the number of words you can display on one line. Most

designers prefer to have seven to eleven words in a line just to make sure that the user is able to read it without any difficult. Since, most people are not comfortable reading lengthy sentences. Once you finalize the Web layout you can easily build the Web pages. With the Web layout, more than one designer can work on the same page and still maintain uniformity.

Q3.How to use forms? Explain with an example ANSWER. We have learnt about multimedia files and how to insert multimedia files on the Web page. Let us now discuss about HTML forms. You might have signed up to Gmail, Yahoo! or any of the other online communities. When you visit the page, it asks you to fill and submit an online form. We can use the HTML tags to create such forms on Web page. Usually, forms contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radiobuttons, submit buttons so on.
<form> Input elements </form>

Let us learn how to create some of the input elements that we use in a Web page form; Text fields: This is a single line input filed where you can enter the text. The example code shows how to create it using the tag <input type="text"/>
First name: <input type=text name=Name/> Last name: <input type=type name=Name/>

In the above code, the type attribute is used to specify the type of element you want to create. In our example we are creating a text field and the value that we pass to "type" attribute is "text". T h e a t t r i b u t e " n a m e " i s u s e d t o d e f i n e t h e v a r i a b l e w h e r e y o u r i n p u t w i l l b e s a v e d . I n o u r example we have defined "Name1" as the variable. In all the elements that we will discuss below contain these two attributes. The text "First name" and "Last name" is displayed in the beginning of the text field as shown below:

First name: Last name: The rectangular boxes are the text fields where you enter the text. Password field: This field is similar to text field and the only difference is that you can view the text you enter in the text field. However, in password field you cannot see the text that you enter, for every character that you enter you see either an asterisks (*) or dot (.). You can use the same tag that you used to create text field except that the value that you pass to the attribute "type" will be "password". This signifies that the field is a password field. Using the attribute "name" you can define a variable to store the password that you enter. The example code for the pas sword field is given below,
Password: <input type= password name=Password>

The password field that we have defined in the above code appears as shown below: Password:
***************************

Q4. Give an example for cascade style sheets and explain editing with cascade style sheets in detail. ANSWER. Web Page Editing with CSS Creating styles in a style sheet and incorporate it in the HTML document. is achieved using the CSS class selector. So, what is this CSS class selector?Using this you can specify a particular style for any HTML element. Below is an example that helps you understand how to use the class selector.

<html> <head> <style type=text/css .center { text-align : center; } < / style > </head> <body> <h1 class=center>Center-aligned heading</h1> P class=center>Center-aligned Paragraph .</p> </body> </html>

This example uses internal method to apply style to the HTML document. All the CSS class selectors will start with a ".", followed by the name of the class selector. In our example, the name given to the class selector is ".center". The "text-align" attribute is used for aligning the text, in our example, we are passing the value "center" to the attribute "text-align" i.e. the text for which the s t y l e is applied will be aligned at the centre of the Web page. Now we h a v e c r e a t e d . " < h 1 class="center">Center-aligned heading</h1>" this line shows how you can call the class defined in the <head> element to apply style. Note, you can choose any name you like for the class. In this case, we have chosen to call the class as centre, since it is being used to centre text. As you can see in the code line we are calling the class "center" using the attribute "class" inside the opening tag <h1>. Similarly, in the above code we are calling the class "center" inside the opening tag <p>. Once you call the class, the style will be applied to the content that you define using the HTML element. We have called the class "center" in the header element and the content that is present in the <h1> element will be aligned at the centre of the Web page. You can also restrict the class to a particular HTML tag. Say for example, you want to create a class only for the paragraph tag <p>, and the style defined by a class will not be applicable to any other tags. Let us modify the previous code example for better understanding.
<head> <style type=text/ css> p. center { text-align : center; } </style> </head>

Q5. Describe the working of search engine. What are the different types of search engine? Explain with its application. ANSWER. Working of a Search Engine: You have now learnt the meaning and origin of a search engine. Let us now study about the working of a search engine. How do we search for a Web page using any search engine? We open the search engine Website for example, www.google.com or www.bing.com and then in the text box provided we type the keywords of our choice and press enter key or click the search button. This process will provide a list of Websites based on the keyword entered. Search engines today are indexing and responding to billions of Web pages in a single day. TYPES OF SEARCH ENGINE: 1. Crawler based search engines: In this type of search engines the spiders crawl through the We band create a listing or index of words. Whenever a user enters a query or a keyword using a search engine, the word is searched for against these listings or index. The index consists of acopy of all the Web pages that is found by the spider. Google and Yahoo use a crawler based search engines. 2. Human powered directories : I n t h i s t yp e o f s e a r c h e n g i n e t h e r e i s a d i r e c t o r y w h i c h g e t s information from short descriptions about the websites along with the address and title of the Web pages that are submitted by the webmasters. Earlier Yahoo! was a human powered directory. However, today it uses a crawler based search engine.

3. Hybrid or mixed search engine: It is a combination or mixture of crawler based search engines and human powered directories. The basic idea behind a hybrid search engine is to provide the users with a combination of results including speeder results and directory results. Google and Yahoo are today using hybrid search engines. Google calls this Universal Search. The advantage of this type of a search engine is that the multiple types of results complement each other, and ultimately offer the users with more complete and relevant search results.

Importance of search engine friendly website: Search engine friendly refers to the design of a Website that includes

images, videos, menus, c o n t e n t m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m a n d v a r i o u s o t h e r e l e m e n t s t h a t h e l p a s e a r c h e n g i n e t o g e t t h e maximum information about the Website for the purpose of search engine exposure.

Q6. What is BAPI? Why BIAP is considered as commanding tool in the SAP consultants toolkit? ANSWER. A company's business model is usually referred as revenue architecture that consists of major value creation principles. This business model describes revenue sources and the way the company organizes its activities to profitably exploit these sources. With the current business model, companies can achieve the better business results which includes lower the amount of waste, reduce errors, increase delivery speeds and so on. The change in current business model provides new ways to fulfill orders, create products and service customers. BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface) is a set of interfaces to objectoriented programming methods that enable a programmer to integrate third-party software into the proprietary R/3 product from SAP. For specific business tasks such as uploading transactional data, BAPIs are implemented and stored in the R/3 system as remote function call (RFC) modules BAPI is the most dominant tool in the SAP consultants toolkit. It is one of a set of tools for interfacing with an SAP R/3 system. The priority of BAPI is calling data in and out of SAP. For the SAP consultant BAPIs are the small, powerful ships that keep these barges of data moving. SAP's R/3 system is now open by releasing the specifications for some 170 business application programming interfaces (BAPIs). This helped third-party applications interact with R/3 directly. BAPIs can be called as sets of methods that allow external applications to collaborate with specific R/3 business objects such as customers, accounts, or employees. As R/3 data is addressable through callable methods, BAPIs gives flexibility to the third party application vendors to build supporting applications for the R/3 system. In similar way, Baan offers OrgWare which is based on integrated business-modeling tool, combined with business-specific templates that automate the configuration of the software to suit specific operational needs. Baan is in the process of advancing this tool with new setup wizards to accelerate software implementation on the Windows NT platform.