Specific Question Paper on Liquid Penetrant Examination Time : 1 Hour Name of the Candidate : 1 Date :

If the surface of the part has een machined! sanded or "rit #asted: The part may also require etching It can be immersed in penetrant for its entire dwell time It will require a shorter dwell time It will need to be heated in order to open any cracks that have been peened over %hich #e&e# of penetrant is the most sensiti&e' Level I Level II Level III Level IV )enera##*! there is no harm in usin" a #on"er penetrant d+e## time as #on" as the penetrant: Is not allowed to dry Stays viscous Does not form clumps on the surface of the part Is mixed with emulsifier %hich of the fo##o+in" is an ad&anta"e to LPI' Large areas can be inspected arts with complex shapes can be inspected It is portable !ll of the above is an advantage

LPI can e used to test most materia#s pro&ided the surface of the part is: "eated to a temperature above #$$o % Is not extremely rough or porous Smooth and uniform &leaned with number $$' grit %hich t*pe of penetrant is a &isi #e penetrant' Type I Type II Type III Type IV The pentrants that are used to detect the sma##est defects: Should only be used on aerospace parts (ill also produce the largest amount of irrelevant indications &an only be used on small parts less than #$ inches in surface area Should not be used in the field

The performance of a penetrant: (ill remain consistent as long is it is stored in a temperature range of '$ to #$$ o % (ill only degrade of the temperature exceeds #)$ o % &an be affected by contamination and aging &an be ad*usted with the dwell time P1D stands for: roduct of discontinuities robability of defects robability of detection

ersonnel over distributor 12 The tota# time that the penetrant is in contact +ith the part surface is ca##ed the: Soak time +aking time Dwell time Immersion time 11 De&e#opers are used to: ,ake the penetrant fluoresce -educe the dwell time ull trapped penetrant material out of the defect !ll of the above 1$ Surface contaminants can #ead to: ! shift in the fluorescent wavelength to a lower angstrom level The part needing to be redipped in order to produce good results "igher background fluorescence !ll of the above 1( %hich t*pe of penetrant is a f#uorescent penetrant' Type I Type II Type III Type IV 1, 3or 45 #i"hts used in LPI! the accepted intensit* is 6666666 micro+atts per square centimeter7 #$$ '$$ .$$ #$$$ 18 %hich of the fo##o+in" +i## produce hi"her sensiti&it* of a penetrant test' Leaving the part immersed in the penetrant for the entire dwell time Leaving the part immersed in the wet developer for the entire developer time

/sing a nonaqueous wet developer !llowing the specimen to drain0dwell during its dwell time 1- Contamination of the penetrant: (ill only take place if the part has not been cleaned (ill occur because of the crossover between the penetrant and developer (ill occur if the tank is not covered during the dwell time (ill change the surface tension and contact angle 1. %hen f#uorescent penetrant inspection is performed! the penetrant materia#s are formu#ated to "#o+ ri"ht#* and to "i&e off #i"ht at a +a&e#en"th: &lose to infrared light &lose to the wavelength of x0rays That the eye is most sensitive to under dim lighting conditions In the red spectrum 1/ 9inimum penetrant d+e## times are usua##*: #0' minutes #01$ minutes '02$ minutes 2$0#$$ minutes 10 De&e#oper is required to: Draw out the penetrant from the discontinuity rovide contrast between the penetrant and the parts background color Increase the pentrants fluorescence +oth ! and + $2 %hite #i"ht intensit* at the surface of the part +hen usin" a &isi #e d*e penetrant shou#d e: ! minimum of '$ foot0candles ! maximum of '$ foot0candles ! maximum of #$$ foot0candles ! minimum of #$$ foot0candles $1 %et de&e#opers are app#ied: !fter the part has been dryed Immediately after the excess penetrant has been removed from the parts surface !fter the emulsifer dwell time !fter the part has been dipped in cleaner3remover $$ %hich of the fo##o+in" shou#d e remo&ed in order to o tain a "ood penetrant test' Varnish 4xides lating !ll of the above

$( %hite #i"ht intensit* at the surface of the part +hen usin" f#uorescent penetrant shou#d e: ! minimum of #$$ foot0candles ! maximum of #$$ foot0candles ! minimum of '$ foot0candles ! maximum of ) foot0candles $, : "ood c#eanin" procedure +i##: -emove all contamination from the part and not leave any reside that may interfere with the inspection process -emove a small amount of metal from the surface of the part Should leave the part slightly flourescent in order to identify any discontinuities Should etch the part slightly only if it is made from 5$5# aluminum $8 %hich penetrant method is easiest to use in the fie#d' %luorescent6 post0emulsifiable Visible dye6 water washable Visible dye6 solvent removable %luorescent6 water washable