Noble gases

INFORMATIVE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

Alkaline metals 18

Groups

Name : ..
ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES
K Co F CO3 2+ SO4 MnO4 Na Ni2+ 22+ 2+ NO3 CrO4 Ca Mn 22+ 3+ Cl Cr2O7 Mg Cr 33+ Br PO4 Al 2+ I Zn 2+ (/ 3+) OH Fe 2+ Sn 2+ Pb + H 2+ Cu + Ag + Tendency to discharge ions Au
increases
+

Class :
Halogens
Direction of electron movement in Electrolytic cell Voltaic cell and Redox cell

7 P er I od s
Period 3

1 H2H 1 1
+

Earthalkaline metals

Proton no. = no. of proton in nucleus of an atom Nucleon no. = no. of proton + no. of neutron In Atom : no. of proton = no. of electron (neutral) In Cation : no. of proton > no. of electron In Anion : no. of proton < no. of electron Atom All metal elements & member of group 18. Molecular compound comb. of non-metal atoms. Ionic compound metal ions + non-metal ions.

duplet

+ve ions (cation)

2+

-ve ions (anion)

2-

3 LiLi+ 7 2.1 Be
H is not the member of group 1. Mercury, Hg is a liquid metal. Si can be used to produce semiconductor. - Going down groups ; - size of atoms increase. - electropositivity of elements increase. - Across periods to the right ;

B 13 Al 27 2.8.3

anode

e cathode
-

2 He 4 2

6 C 12 2.4 14 Si 28 2.8.4

11 12 + NaNa MgMg2+ 23 24 2.8.1 2.8.2

- size of atoms decrease.

- electronegativity of elements increase.

8 9 10 O2O2 F2F Ne 16 19 2.8 2.6 2.7 16 17 15 18 2 P SS Cl2Cl Ar 31 32 35.5 2.8.8 2.8.5 2.8.6 2.8.7 7 N2 14 2.5 Non-metals Acidic oxides Inert As Br2Br 80 Te Po
Mass

octet

Metaloid Metals Basic oxides Transition elements Amphoteric 19 20 K K+ CaCa2+ Fe Cu Zn Cr Mn Co Ni Ge 39 40 56 64 65 2.8.8.1 2.8.8.2 Ag Rb Cd Sn 108 Cs Hg(l) Pb Pt Au 207

Kr

Sb

I2I 127 At2

Xe Rn
Avogadro No., NA = 6.02 x 1023

Formation of chemical bond in..

A Ionic bond (in the ionic compound). metal atom (release e) + nonmetal atom (accept e) (concept of transferring e) B Covalent bond (in the molecule compound). nazmymo@yahoo.com :+ Jadual Perkalaan Unsur e Berinformasi nonmetal atom nonmetal atom (share ) (concept of sharing e)

Special features of Transition Metals 1. Form coloured ions / compounds / solutions. 2. Varying oxidation numbers. (eg: Fe : +2,+3 ; Cu : +1,+2) 3. Show catalytic properties. 4. Form complex (coloured) ions.

x Molar mass x NA No. of particles NA

Molar mass 24 dm3 (rc) @ 22.4 dm3 (stp) Gas volume

No. of Mole x 24 dm3 (rc) @ 22.4 dm3 (stp)

Noble gases

INFORMATIVE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

Alkaline metals 18

Halogen

Groups
Proton no. = no. of proton Nucleon no. = no. of proton + no. of neutron Atom : no. of proton = no. of electron (neutral) Cation : no. of proton > no. of electron Anion : no. proton < no. of electron Atom : All metal elements & member of group 18. Molecule compound : comb. of non-metal atoms. Ionic compound : metal ions + non-metal ions.

7 P er I od

1 H2H+ 1 1 3 LiLi+ 7 2.1

Earthalkaline metals

ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES
K + Na 2+ Ca 2+ Mg 3+ Al 2+ Zn 2+/3+ Fe 2+ Sn 2+ Pb + H 2+ Cu + Ag + Au
+

+ve ions (cation)

Co

2+

Ni

2+ 2+

Mn 3+ Cr

H is not the member of group 1. Mercury, Hg is a liquid metal. Si can be used to produce semiconductor.

8 9 6 7 10 C N2 O2O2 F2F Be B Ne s 12 14 16 19 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 - Going down groups ; - size of atoms increase. 16 17 12 13 14 15 11 - electropositivity of element increase. 18 Tendency to discharge ions 2 P Al S i NaNa+ MgMg2+ - Across periods to the right; S S Cl Cl 2 increases Ar 24 27 28 31 23 32 35.5 - size of atoms decrease. 2.8.8 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.8.5 2.8.6 2.8.1 2.8.7 - electronegativity of elements increase. Metaloid Metals Non-metals Basic oxides Acidic oxides Inert Transition elements Amphoteric 19 20 K K+ CaCa2+ Fe Cu Zn Br2Br Cr Mn Co Ni Ge As Kr 39 40 56 64 65 80 2.8.8.1 2.8.8.2 Ag I2I Rb Cd Sn Sb Te Xe 108 127 Cs Hg(l) Pb At2 Pt Au Po Rn 207
Mass

F 2SO4 NO3 Cl Br I OH

-ve ions (anion)

Direction of electron movement in Electrolytic cell Voltaic cell and Redox cell anode e cathode
-

duplet

CO3 MnO4 2CrO4 2Cr2O7 3PO4

2-

2 He 4 2

A Ionic bond (in the ionic compound). nazmymo@yahoo.com : Jadual Berinformasi metal atom (release e) +Perkalaan nonmetalUnsur atom (accept e) (concept of transferring e) B Covalent bond (in the molecule compound). nonmetal atom + nonmetal atom (share e)

Period 3

octet
Avogadro No., NA = 6.02 x 1

Formation of chemical bond in..

Special features of Transition Metals 1. Form coloured ions / compounds / solutions. 2. Varying oxidation numbers. (eg: Fe +2,+3 ; Cu +1,+2) 3. Show catalytic properties. 4. Form complex coloured ions.

x Molar mass x NA No. of NA

Molar mass 24 dm3 (rc) @ 22.4 dm3 (stp)

3

No. of Mole x 24 dm3 (rc) @

Gas

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IONIC FORMULAE
CATIONS Sodium ion Potassium ion Silver ion Hydrogen ion Ammonium ion Copper(II) ion Calcium ion Barium ion Na+ K+ Ag+ H+ NH4+ Cu2+ Ca2+ Ba2+ Zinc ion Iron(II) ion Iron(III) ion Lead(II) ion Aluminium ion Chromium(III) ion Magnesium ion Mercury(I) ion Zn2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Pb2+ Al3+ Cr3+ Mg2+ Hg+ ANIONS Chloride ion Bromide ion Iodide ion Hydroxide ion Nitrate ion Hydride ion Chlorate(V) ion Ethanoate ion Cl Br I OH NO3 H ClO3 CH3COO Manganate(VII) ion Oxide ion Phosphate ion Sulphide ion Sulphate ion Carbonate ion Chromate(VI) ion Dichromate(VI) ion MnO4 O2 PO43 S2 SO42 CO32 CrO42 Cr2O72

Charges in the positive ions (cations) Most of the metal ions have charges +2. You are only have to memorize the ions that have charges +1 and +3!. (a) Metal ions charged +1 are came from GROUP 1 which are Li +, Na+ and K+. Some others are Ag+, NH4+, and H+. (b) Metal ions charged +3 are Al3+and Cr3+. (c) Roman numerals in brackets after the metal formulae to denote represent their charges. E.g.;, iron(II) = Fe 2+ and ion chromium(III) = Cr3+. Charges in the negative ions (anions) Most of the anions have charges -1. You are only have to memorize the ions that have charges -2 and -3!. (a) Some of the negative ions with -2 charged are O2-, SO42-, CO32-, CrO42-, and Cr2O72-. (b) The commonly -3 charged ion is PO43-

CHEMICAL FORMULAE
Acids
Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Ethanoic acid HCl H2SO4 HNO3 H3PO4 CH3COOH NaOH KOH Ba(OH)2 NH4OH Ca(OH)2

Gases
Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ammonia Nitrogen Hydrogen sulphide Nitrogen dioxide Sulphur dioxide Chlorine Hydrogen chloride O2 H2 CO2 CO NH3 N2 H2S NO2 SO2 Cl2 HCl

Organic Compounds
Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Hexane Hexene Benzene Methane Ethane Ethene Ethanol Ethanoic acid Glucose CCl4 CHCl3 C6H14 C6H12 C6H6 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H5OH CH3COOH C6H12O6

Alkalis
Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Barium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide

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IONIC FORMULAE
CATIONS Sodium ion Potassium ion Silver ion Hydrogen ion Ammonium ion Copper(II) ion Calcium ion Barium ion Na+ K+ Ag+ H+ NH4+ Cu2+ Ca2+ Ba2+ Zinc ion Iron(II) ion Iron(III) ion Lead(II) ion Aluminium ion Chromium(III) ion Magnesium ion Mercury(I) ion Zn2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Pb2+ Al3+ Cr3+ Mg2+ Hg+ ANIONS Chloride ion Bromide ion Iodide ion Hydroxide ion Nitrate ion Hydride ion Chlorate(V) ion Ethanoate ion Cl Br I OH NO3 H ClO3 CH3COO Manganate(VII) ion Oxide ion Phosphate ion Sulphide ion Sulphate ion Carbonate ion Chromate(VI) ion Dichromate(VI) ion MnO4 O2 PO43 S2 SO42 CO32 CrO42 Cr2O72

Charges in the positive ions (cations) Most of the metal ions have charges +2. You are only have to memorize the ions that have charges +1 and +3!. (d) Metal ions charged +1 are came from GROUP 1 which are Li+, Na+ and K+. Some others are Ag+, NH4+, and H+. (e) Metal ions charged +3 are Al3+and Cr3+. (f) Roman numerals in brackets after the metal formulae to denote represent their charges. E.g.;, iron(II) = Fe 2+ and ion chromium(III) = Cr3+. Charges in the negative ions (anions) Most of the anions have charges -1. You are only have to memorize the ions that have charges -2 and -3!. (c) Some of the negative ions with -2 charged are O2-, SO42-, CO32-, CrO42-, and Cr2O72-. (d) The commonly -3 charged ion is PO43-

CHEMICAL FORMULAE
Acids
Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Ethanoic acid HCl H2SO4 HNO3 H3PO4 CH3COOH NaOH KOH Ba(OH)2 NH4OH Ca(OH)2

Gases
Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ammonia Nitrogen Hydrogen sulphide Nitrogen dioxide Sulphur dioxide Chlorine Hydrogen chloride O2 H2 CO2 CO NH3 N2 H2S NO2 SO2 Cl2 HCl

Organic Compounds
Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Hexane Hexene Benzene Methane Ethane Ethene Ethanol Ethanoic acid Glucose CCl4 CHCl3 C6H14 C6H12 C6H6 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H5OH CH3COOH C6H12O6

Alkalis
Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Barium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide

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PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 H Hydrogen 1 3 Li Lithium 7 11 Na Sodium 23 19 K Potassium 39 37 Rb Rubidium 86 55 Cs Caesium 133 87 Fr Francium 223

18 Groups

18
11 Na Sodium 23

2
4 Be Beryllium 9 12 Mg Magnesium 24 20 Ca Calcium 40 38 Sr

Proton number Symbol of element Name of element Relative atomic mass

13
5 B Boron 11 13 Al Aluminium 27 31 Ga Gallium 49 In

14
6 C Carbon 12 14 Si Silicone 28 32 Ge Germanium 50 Sn Tin 119 82 Pb Lead 207

15
7 N Nitrogen 14 15 P 31

16
8 O Oxygen 16 16 S Sulphur 32 34 Se Selenium 52 Te

17
9 F Fluorine 19 17 Cl Chlorine 35.5 35 Br Bromine 80 53 I Iodine 127 85 At Astatine 210

2 He Helium 4 10 Ne Neon 20 18 Ar Argon 40 36 Kr Krypton 84 54 Xe Xenon 131 86 Rn Radon 222

IONIC FORMULAE
CATIONS (positive ions)
Sodium ion Potassium ion Hydrogen ion Ammonium ion Copper(II) ion Zinc ion Iron(II) ion Lead(II) ion Magnesium ion Na+ K+ H+ NH4+ Cu2+ Zn2+ Fe
2+ 2+

Charges in the positive ions (cations) Most of the metal ions have charges +2. You are only have to memorize the ions that have charges +1 and +3!. (g) Metal ions charged +1 are came from GROUP 1 which are Li +, Na+ and K+. Some others are Ag+, NH4+, and H+. (h) Metal ions charged +3 are Al3+and Cr3+. (i) Roman numerals in brackets after the metal formulae to denote represent their charges. E.g.;, iron(II) = Fe2+ and ion chromium(III) = Cr3+. Charges in the negative ions (anions) Most of the anions have charges -1. You are only have to memorize the ions that have charges -2 and -3!. (e) Some of the negative ions with -2 charged are O2-, SO42-, CO32-, CrO42-, and Cr2O72-. (f) The common -3 charged ion is PO43-

CHEMICAL FORMULAE
Acids Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Ethanoic acid Alkalis Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Barium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide NaOH KOH Ba(OH)2 NH4OH HCl H2SO4 HNO3 H3PO4 CH3COOH Gases Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ammonia Nitrogen Hydrogen sulphide Nitrogen dioxide Sulphur dioxide Chlorine O2 H2 CO2 CO NH3 N2 H2S NO2 SO2 Cl2 Organic Compounds Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Hexane Hexene Benzene Methane Ethane Ethene Ethanol Ethanoic acid CCl4 CHCl3 C6H14 C6H12 C6H6 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H5OH CH3COOH

nazmymo@yahoo.com : Periodic Table + Chemical Formulae

7 Periods

TRANSITION METALS

3
21 Sc Scandium 39 Y

4
22 Ti Titanium 40 Zr

5
23 V Vanadium 51 41 Nb

6
24 Cr Chromium 52 42 Mo

7
25 Mn Manganese 55 43 Tc

8
26 Fe Iron 56 44 Ru

9
27 Co Cobalt 59 45 Rh

10
28 Ni Nickel 59 46 Pd

11
29 Cu Copper 64 47 Ag Silver 108 79 Au Gold 197 111 Uuu

12
30 Zn Zinc 65 48 Cd Cadmium 112 80 Hg Mercury 201 112 Nam

Phosphorus

33 As Arsenic 75 51 Sb Antimony 83 Bi

56 Ba Barium 137 88 Ra

57 La

72 Hf

73 Ta

74 W

75 Re

76 Os

77 Ir

78 Pt Platinum 195 110 Unn

81 Ti

84 Po

89 Ac

104 Rf

105 Db

106 Sg

107 Bh

108 Hs

109 Mt

LANTHANIDES
58 Ce Cerium 140 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu Lutetium 175

ACTINIDES
90 Th Thorium 232 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No
Lawrencium

103 Lr 260

ANIONS (negative ions)

Al3+ Ag+ Ca2+ Ba Fe
2+ 3+

Aluminium ion Silver ion Calcium ion Barium ion Iron(III) ion Chromium(III) ion Mercury(I) ion

Chloride ion Bromide ion Oxide ion Hydroxide ion Nitrate ion Sulphate ion Carbonate ion Manganate(VII) ion Iodide ion

Cl Br O2 OH NO3 SO42 CO32 MnO4 I

Hydride ion Chlorate(V) ion Ethanoate ion Phosphate ion Sulphide ion Chromate(VI) ion Dichromate(VI) ion

H ClO3 CH3COO PO43 S2 CrO42 Cr2O72

Cr3+ Hg
+

Pb

Mg2+

Calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2

Hydrogen chloride

HCl

Glucose

C6H12O6

nazmymo@yahoo.com : Periodic Table + Chemical Formulae

Noble gases

INFORMATIVE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

Alkaline metals 18

Halogen

Groups
Proton no. = no. of proton Nucleon no. = no. of proton + no. of neutron Atom : no. of proton = no. of electron (neutral) Cation : no. of proton > no. of electron Anion : no. proton < no. of electron

7 P er I od

1 H2H+ 1 1
Earthalkaline metals

ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES
+

+ve ions (cation)

3 LiLi+ Be s 7 2.1 11 12 NaNa+ MgMg2+ 23 24 2.8.1 2.8.2

8 9 10 O2O2 F2F B Ne 16 19 2.8 2.6 2.7 16 17 13 14 15 18 Tendency to discharge ions 2 P Al S i S S Cl Cl 2 increase - Across periods to the right; Ar 27 28 31 32 35.5 - size of atoms decrease. 2.8.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.8.5 2.8.6 2.8.7 - electronegativity of elements increase. Metaloid Metals Non-metals Oxide bases Oxide acids Inert Transition elements Amphoteric 19 20 K K+ CaCa2+ Fe Cu Zn Br2Br Cr Mn Co Ni Ge As Kr 39 40 56 64 65 80 2.8.8.1 2.8.8.2 Ag I2I Rb Cd Sn Sb Te Xe 108 127 Cs Hg(l) Pb At2 Pt Au Po Rn 207 6 C 12 2.4 7 N2 14 2.5
Mass

K + Na 2+ Atom All metal elements & member of group 18. Ca 2+ Molecule compound comb. of non-metal atoms. Mg 3+ Ionic compound metal ions + non-metal ions. Al 2+ Zn 2+/3+ Fe 2+ H is not the member of group 1. Sn 2+ Mercury, Hg is a liquid metal. Pb Si can be used to produce semiconductor. + H 2+ - Going down groups ; Cu - size of atoms increase. + Ag - electropositivity of element increase. + Au

Co

2+

Ni

2+ 2+

Mn 3+ Cr

F 2SO4 NO3 Cl Br I OH

-ve ions (anion)

Direction of electron movement in Electrolytic cell Voltaic cell and Redox cell anode e cathode
-

duplet

CO3 MnO4 2CrO4 2Cr2O7 3PO4

2-

2 He 4 2

A Ionic bond (in the ionic compound). metal atom (release e) + nonmetal atom (accept e) (concept of transferring e) B Covalent bond (in the molecule compound). nonmetal atom + nonmetal atom (share e) (concept of sharing e) nazmymo@yahoo.com : Periodic Table + Chemical Formulae

Period 3

octet
Avogadro No., NA = 6.02 x 1023

Formation of chemical bond in..

Special features of Transition Metals 5. Form coloured ions / compounds / solutions. 6. Varying oxidation numbers. (eg: Fe +2,+3 ; Cu +1,+2) 7. Show catalytic properties. 8. Form complex coloured ions.

x Molar mass x NA No. of particles NA

Molar mass 24 dm3 (rc) @ 22.4 dm3 (stp)

No. of Mole

x 24 dm3 (rc) @ Gas 22.4 dm3 (stp) volume kimia itu mudah! Dengan berusaha gigih, pastinya

IONIC FORMULAE
CATIONs Sodium ion Potassium ion Silver ion Hydrogen ion Ammonium ion Copper(II) ion Calcium ion Barium ion Na+ K+ Ag+ H+ NH4+ Cu2+ Ca2+ Ba2+ Zinc ion Iron(II) ion Iron(III) ion Lead(II) ion Aluminium ion Chromium(III) ion Magnesium ion Mercury(I) ion Zn2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Pb2+ Al3+ Cr3+ Mg2+ Hg+ ANIONs Chloride ion Bromide ion Iodide ion Hydroxide ion Nitrate ion Hydride ion Chlorate(V) ion Ethanoate ion Cl Br I OH NO3 H ClO3 CH3COO Manganate(VII) ion Oxide ion Phosphate ion Sulphide ion Sulphate ion Carbonate ion Chromate(VI) ion Dichromate(VI) ion MnO4 O2 PO43 S2 SO42 CO32 CrO42 Cr2O72

Charges in the positive ions (cations) Most of the metal ions have charges +2. You are only have to memorize the ions that have charges +1 and +3!. (j) Metal ions charged +1 are came from GROUP 1 which are Li+, Na+ and K+. Some others are Ag+, NH4+, and H+. (k) Metal ions charged +3 are Al3+and Cr3+. (l) Roman numerals in brackets after the metal formulae to denote represent their charges. E.g.;, iron(II) = Fe2+ and ion chromium(III) = Cr3+. Charges in the negative ions (anions) Most of the anions have charges -1. You are only have to memorize the ions that have charges -2 and -3!. (g) Some of the negative ions with -2 charged are O2-, SO42-, CO32-, CrO42-, and Cr2O72-. (h) The commonly -3 charged ion is PO43-

CHEMICAL FORMULAE
Acids Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Ethanoic acid Alkalis Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Barium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide HCl H2SO4 HNO3 H3PO4 CH3COOH NaOH KOH Ba(OH)2 NH4OH Gases Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ammonia Nitrogen Hydrogen sulphide Nitrogen dioxide Sulphur dioxide Chlorine O2 H2 CO2 CO NH3 N2 H2S NO2 SO2 Cl2 Organic Compounds Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Hexane Hexene Benzene Methane Ethane Ethene Ethanol Ethanoic acid CCl4 CHCl3 C6H14 C6H12 C6H6 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H5OH CH3COOH

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Calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2

Hydrogen chloride

HCl

Glucose

C6H12O6

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1 1

Ion +ve (kation)

+ 2+

Ion -ve (anion)

-

4 OH

2H2O + O2 e-

+ 4e

H2
1

3 Li
2.1

Be 12 Mg
2.8.2

11 Na
2.8.1

K Co F CO3 2+ Na Ni2+ SO4 - MnO4 22+ 2+ NO3 CrO4 Ca Mn 22+ 3+ Cl Cr 2O7 Mg Cr 33+ Br PO4 Al 2+ I Zn 2+/3+ OH Fe 2+ Sn 2+ Pb + H 2+ Cu + Ag + Au Semakin mudah dinyahcaskan

2-

18 2 He
2

Terminal ve

Terminal +ve

13

14 6 C
2.4

15 7

16 8

17 9

Duplet

B 13 Al
2.8.3

N2
2.5

O2
2.6

F2
2.7

10 Ne
2.8

14 Si
2.8.4 spara logam <

15 P
2.8.5

16 S
2.8.6

17

Cl2
2.8.7

18 Ar
2.8.8 Oktet

<Oksida Bes>

Logam Unsur Peralihan Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Ag Pt Au Zn Cd Hg(ce)

Bukan logam
Oksida Asid > Lengai

<Amfoterik>

19 K
2.8.8.1

20 Ca
2.8.8.2

Br2
Sn Pb Asid Alkali NaOH KOH NH3 - lemah

Kr Xe Rn

Rb Cs

I2
At

1. 2. 3. 4.

Membentuk sebatian bewarna Lebih dari satu no. pengoksidaan ( eg: Fe +2,+3 ; Cu +1,+2 ) Sebagai mangkin Membentuk ion kompleks

HCl H2SO4 -dwibes HNO3 CH3COOH-lemah

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