Lecture 5 Moment of Inertia of Non-symmetric Shapes

In general, most cross-sectional shapes of structural members are symmetric (i.e., mirror image on both sides of both neutral axes). The determination of section properties for these symmetric shapes involves plugging in numbers into the formulas as discussed in Lecture 4. Non-symmetric shapes are those that are NOT mirror image on both sides of one or both of the neutral axes. Examples of non-symmetric shapes are as follows:

Angles

T-Sections

Channels

Sections w/ unsymmetric holes

The procedure for determining the moment of inertia of these non-symmetric shapes involves two steps: 1) Determine location of centroid of entire shape, y and x

y=

( A piece y piece ) A piece ( A piece x piece ) A piece

where: Apiece = area of the individual piece

ypiece = dist. to centroid of the individual piece x=

2) Determine the transformed moment of inertia, It by using the Parallel Axis Theorem

I t = ( I + Ad 2 ) piece

where: I = moment of inertia of the piece

A = area of the piece d = y ypiece

Lecture 5 - Page 1 of 8

Example 1 GIVEN: A T shaped beam using a nominal wood 2x8 web with a 2x4 top flange REQUIRED: Determine a) The location of the neutral axis y b) The transformed moment of inertia about the strong axis c) The moment of inertia about the weak axis Piece B 3 1

yB y

Piece A (centered under piece B)

yA
Datum 1

a) Location of neutral axis y: Piece Area (1.5)(7.25) = 10.88 in2 A B (1.5)(3.5) = 5.25 in2 16.13 in2 Totals: y (7.25) = 3.625
7.25 + (1.5) = 8

(Area)y
(10.88)(3.625) = 39.44 in3

(5.25 in2)(8) = 42 in3 81.44 in3

y=

( A piece y piece ) A piece

= 81.44 in3 16.13 in2 y = 5.05 in.

Lecture 5 - Page 2 of 8

b) Determine transformed moment of inertia about the strong x axis: Piece A B Area
10.88 in
2

y
3.625

(Area)y
39.44 in
3

I
(1.5" )(7.25" ) 3 = 47.63in 4 12

d = y-ypiece 3.625 - 5.05 = -1.425

8 - 5.05 = 2.95

Ad2
(10.88)(-1.425)2 = 22.09 in4

5.25 in2

42 in3
81.44 in3

(3.5" )(1.5" ) 3 = 0.98in 4 12

(5.25)(2.95)2 = 45.69 in4 67.78 in4

Totals:

16.13 in2

48.61 in4

I x = ( I + Ad 2 ) piece
= 48.61 in4 + 67.78 in4 Ix= 116.39 in4 c) Determine the moment of inertia about the weak y axis: 3 1 Piece B

Neutral axis of piece A and B

Piece A (centered under piece B)

1 Since the neutral axis of both pieces lineup over each other, the total moment of inertia is the sum of the moment of inertias of the pieces.

Iy = IA + IB Iy =
(7.25)(1.5) 3 (1.5)(3.5) 3 + = Iy = 7.4 in4 12 12

Lecture 5 - Page 3 of 8

Example 2 GIVEN: A steel W18x35 I beam reinforced with a x 8 steel plate welded to the bottom flange of the beam as shown below REQUIRED: Determine: a) The location of the neutral axis y b) The transformed moment of inertia about the strong axis c) The moment of inertia about the weak axis d) The section modulus about the strong axis e) The radius of gyration about the strong axis Piece 2

8.85 17.70 8.85

W18x35 steel beam (Area = 10.3 in2) (Ix = 510 in4) (Iy =15.3 in4)

From textbook

Y2 Datum

Piece 1

0.5

Y1 = 0.25

x 8 steel plate welded to center of bottom flange of beam Make a Table as shown below: Piece 1 Area 4 in2 y
0.25

(Area)y 1 in3

I (8" )(0.5" ) 3 = 0.08in 4 12 510 in4 510.08 in4

d = y-ypiece
6.80-0.25 = 6.55

Ad2
(4)(6.55)2 = 171.6 in4 (10.3)(-2.55)2 = 66.98 in4

2
Totals:

10.3 in2 14.3 in2

9.35

96.3 in3 97.3 in3

6.809.35 = -2.55

238.58 in4

a) Determine location of neutral axis y:

y=

( A piece y piece ) A piece

97.3in 3 14.3in 2

y = 6.80

Lecture 5 - Page 4 of 8

b) Determine Transformed Moment of Inertia about Strong Axis:

I x = ( I + Ad 2 ) piece
= 510.08 in4 + 238.58 in4 Ix= 748.66 in4 c) Determine Moment of Inertia about Weak Axis:

W18x35 steel beam (Area = 10.3 in2) (Ix = 510 in4) (Iy =15.3 in4)

4 8

Since the neutral axis of both pieces lineup over each other, the total moment of inertia is the sum of the moment of inertias of the pieces.

Iy = I1 + I2 (0.5" )(8" ) 3 Iy = + 15.3in 4 12

Iy = 36.63 in4

Lecture 5 - Page 5 of 8

d) Determine the Section Modulus about Strong Axis:

S strong =

I strong y strong 748.66in 4 6.80"

Sstrong = 110.1 in3 e) Determine Radius of Gyration about Strong Axis:

rstrong =

I s trong Atot

rstrong =

748.66in 4 14.3in 2

rstrong = 7.24

Lecture 5 - Page 6 of 8

Example 3 GIVEN: Repeat Example 1, using a 2x4 top flange and a 2x8 web. REQUIRED: Using AutoCAD, determine the following: a) The location of the neutral axis y b) The transformed moment of inertia about the strong axis d) The moment of inertia about the weak axis Piece B 3 1

yB y

Piece A (centered under piece B)

yA
Datum 1

Lecture 5 - Page 7 of 8

Using AutoCAD, draw the shape shown and make a REGION out of it:

Results are exactly the same as in Example 1

Lecture 5 - Page 8 of 8