University Of Al-Qadisiya Engineering College Civil Department Examiner: Dr.Thulfikar R.

ALHusseini

:\astilt.:i*a!.

tage: Fourth

Subject: Hydrology Time:3.0 Hours Date: I /2013 Note: Attempt five questions (includingQ3 & Q4)

lfil$rwl 2012-2013 tinal Enmination

humidity. A- Explain how to measure B- Explain by sketch\he hydrologic cycle and what are its basicphases.

Flood frequency computations for a river given the following results by using Gumbel'smethod: Retum period (years) Peakflood (m3/sec)

100 50

435 395

Estimatethe flood magnitudein this river with a return period of 500 years.

Paiameters Lc L A

CatchrnentA 81 Km

Caic.
55 Km 1 1 0K m

,B

Km 155 2000Km'

Km' 1400

.^*
4'"t\ I

A has a unit hydrographof 6 -hrs durationand peak flow 1!-0m'lsec after Catchment 27 hrs from the beginning of rainfall storm. Assume the two caichments are B. meteorologicallysimilar. Find the 6 - hrs unit hydrographfor catchment

O reservoir of a spillway structure with crest elevation 250 44 are .oniid"r.d for the Routing problem. relationships + Z0x 10'y S,: 40 x 103

following

rzY.^ . 9: Where ifl is the

height above the crest ir _n,, Tt^t" inflow hydrograph can be {: uppro*i*ated by trianlle of base 24hrs and qo iZ ^tltec at 8 hrs. Routethe outflow assumingthe reservoir elevation is at 250 m when t : 0. Use time step equals2 hrs. (Hint: find outflow from 01 to 05 only). 1

Two wells have a diameters (50 cm) for each one and penetrate a confined aquifer completelywhich yield betweentwo impermeablelayers past (30 m). Water pumped from the iwo wells foi a long period at a mean rate of (3.5 m'/hr;. If the coefficient of permeabilityfor soil is (1 m lday),the minimum drawdown betweenwells is (3 m) due to interferenceeffect and drawdown in each well is (5 m) without interferenceeffect, find the distancebetweenthe two wells. (Allqw 0.5 m for screenand pack losses).

Find the mean precipitation for the area sketchedbelow by Thiessen method. Rainfall readingin mm at the three stationsare given below' Station A

B 15

T2

t8

''i'

'

. , r t B o 1OKm
2:::' o

o A

'.5Km5Km

%%
t{ea[ of rDepartment

t-/

,.--

t'-fz

Y,-/

/ ) ,/)
/,/

-^

"l-..-

(E4aminer

cDr, lakttaqiSfiafur

cDr tfiuffifrarR" nL-I[usseini

t
Class : Forthyear Subject: Hydrology Time Date : 1.5 hour : / / 2013 , \ q o : _g e: \ ... Universify of At_eadissiya College of Engineering @,,. clvil Engineering Department F l_ n' - 2013) Examiner:-Thulfikar FirstTermExamination (2012 R. Al-Husseini

Q 1 / Answer the following (20 Marks). A- Define: 1- Reflectivity 5- Psychrometer. B- What arethe instrumentswhich usedto measure precipitation?Explain them. Q 2 / (45Marks) A- An air mass is at a temperatureof 28 C0 with relative humidity of 70 %. Determine a) Saturation vapor pressureb) Saturationdeficit b) Actual vapor pressurein mbar and mm Hg d) Dew point, and e) Wet - bulb temperature. B- Computethe potential evapotranspirationaccordingto Thornthwaite.Q.Lt*o locationsA pe' and B wherethe local climate yields the foilowing data \" Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Temp.
CO

2- Evapotranspiration 3- Rain

4- Double Mass Curve

-5
a

0 2

5
a J

l?

I7 15

t9 I6

t7

l3

9 8

5
a J

0 0

10

t4

l0

a) at A for April (meantemperature10 Co)and November(meantemperature 3 Co), b) at B for June((meantemperature 20 C") and October(meantemperature 8 Co) At A the averagenumber of hours between sunrise and sunsetis 13 for April and 9 for November.At B the figures are 14 for Juneand 10 for October.Use the Serrasimplification z for A andthe nomogram for B. \ , o'olLbl Q 3 / (35Marks) Determinethe total hydrographfor a (4, 8, and 6) cm rain stormswith a 6 -hr durationfor eachother.Baseflow: 20 m3/sec at the beginning and increase by (2 m3lsec)each12-hr.The : 1 cm) followingtablegives6-hr U.H. (hint: losses
a J

T2

15

18
t6
tbP

24

27 k14
lo

30

36 ffi
IL

39

42

25

&

r)1

w w tlo

w6 W tlo

t{

.&
a

q.

Class":Fortlryear

: I{ydrotogy suhjecr
Tim; Date : 1.5 hours : / /20L2

fiet^* #"/"-L//-j-d l#"r/""L

2ndTerm Exarnination (2011 -2012)

,,

!t

UniversifyofAl-Qadissiya

of Engineering cotlege
Civil Engineering Departrnent Examiner : Thulfikar R.A.

Q 1 i Answer one of the followins (A or B) (30 Marks). A- Determineby calculationthe mean daily dischargeof a certainriver with a_30years the annualseriesis normally distributedfor the following data:returnperiod, assuming 4 : 1.855,andthe valuesof discharges are:

400| 37s/l 4s0ll 3s0-ll +zs'll 400rll 400. ll .47s ll -rzs'll ll 42s'll 'l'' rl-------------ll-------_llll -------ll-------: l----11---------.ll----------ll l----ll-'
I

I 4s0,)l a25zn

deviation can be calculatedfrom the foilowing (as general):And the standard

qt

i 1 1. -

't
L

I tr-

I i=t -

-;;'l n(Yi \'^' : A )-

B- 1- Explain the effect of close streamflow on pumping lvells. 2- Define 1- Flood routing Z-Yadoze zane 3- Aquiclude 4- Confined aquifer 5- Return
--

penoo.

Q 2 I (35Marks) , Perform the respectivef1o9d routing of a cerlain river using Muskinggl! gigthq4 for routing period 4 1rr',X : 0.15,and the inflow hydrographwas tabulatedbelow for that river, the u r AS ;* :7*10 -t, andthe initial outflow is 25 m3lsec. la

T(hr) I (m3lsec)

0 25

.a

12
150
/'z,q

w)
200

20 175

^ ^

28 100

a.) 1 ,/.

50

100
i1'o1

r65

25

.'^

25, ,)1, L5

l "

Q 3 / {35Marks)

A tullvpenetrating well

atarateof(0.025m3/sec)nshavebeenreached.observationwe11s at variousdistances from well show the following resuits:-

"|l'H#q'.l

@has

been testpumped

,'' using these results, determine the formation constantg for the aquifer (T, Z*, R.o)and from them, the maximum constant yield (Q ; the well ir trr" ldiawdown ln 4ie well is not exceed(3 m), w[en allowing 0.5 m for screenand pack losses.

:.f orth year : Hvdrolog:y : 1.5 hours : 6/2 12812

/ a ' j Ek'1 \ iz t \, ,r,/)

H*"/*/-

j4

Universify of At- Qadissiya Collegeof Engineering Civil En gineering Department Examiner : Thulfikar R.A.

First Terrn Examination (2011 - Z0lZ\

Q 1 /Ansryer one of the following (30 Marks). A- Determinethe evaporation from a free surfaceusing the Penmanequationfor a cerfain ci1o accordingthe following data:Relative humidity(h) Cloudiness ratio (nlD) Velocity at 2 m heig;htV2 (m/s) (47" N)

Locality

Month

r (c)
A -?

January

0.8

0.3

1.5

H:RA(0.18+9.55 n/D)(1-0.06)-(1 17.4* 10(-e))Ta1(0.47-0.a71 Ji11o.z+0.s niD) Where: RA: Angots value of solarradiation arriving at the atmosphere (g cal/cmzlday) H: Net amountof energyfinally remainingat a free r,vater surface(cal/cm2/day) ts- i- Explainthe methods that usedto measure river stage . 2- Define 1- Frequency 2- Runoff 3- dew point 4- Mist 5- Tipping bucket gage. Q 2 I {35Manks) A storm of 2 hr occuned over a catchment's area ( 115 Kqil-Jhc-base U.H using Summationcurye (S-curve). Table(1) Q, (m3/sec) t (hr)
1 n 1 0 0 1 5 0 140 1,20 9 0

flow r.vas

(10 m3/sec), whiie the total rainfall was indicated in Table(1) beiow.Deriveandcheckthe 4 hr

6 0 40 2 0
6
-

10 10
9

.,
J

.'?

i0

Q 3 / (35Marks) A circular catchments areaof (10 Km) diameter,rain gagesreadingare shownin Fig.(1) below.Find the average precipitation overthe basinby Thiessen method..
t

n
ti

./

--.1

Ca'rr
(' i'(,,

r( rri

C t-a
i I I -"-'.--i_-.---'--

/ / - ) ^

Fig.(1)

.....GoodLuck ""'

J.:*. )
t-<

aL

r3
{=" I = 4

o3

s (ro'.. {'"[' [e 2-l

-+

o-? =

'+ *,

e = L/'8 8 ,n.- 43
?
4 .

o - 3 5 ( o - 5 - r u - 5 7 - L l z )[ e s - e ) ^- i l ( 6 - i - ? - ? E ) = o ' 5 5 9 (o-5 + o-SYI o.-35 l-o'^ -tqbie 3 -t

Uy i', 'lelc,,lc.'i-"ot -)
\?6- g
,?1rn i.Lr=.\

/ .^v c, lo{/ ; )r'rj' ,\ tr'.\ r y\,F

8e
5a

^ - n

a't,- ;a

( ),{
, -

2 'i\4-8

).lJ" / , tl,'u4Y . ct/

lG 3.C." \ l-W
9 -c*\ { 5"*^Ar)

o/./ \u./'

zqLi-!',- 3 6
f, - .1 a . q + L T J ')17 + . t t

'ffi =$=o-Z
2

.64'D

\ c i :

o-55 fl \ ( /-o -.6 ) Pl= trF){.-tx+ r1

l r O ^ t A
V

- 1 l l + . L i ^ GJ l -d (o-LG"'/

L r ' ; + 7 i eJ ( r - z t
zez^&

o-8^*)
"-g
'-5-M

= 3 3 _ o - 8 . ( " -+ 1o 8 - 5 5 * o . 3 ) ( l - o - " 6 ) . - ( i t 7 . v . . . iJ o^ 2 a 1 ( o l i ? o - o l f , l - 4 - 3 g )( o . z - + o . g ^ s 3 ) Cinve.v-i+- - , , - n / J o 7- + Ll= = i6.o* ("t|-/-t -hr

,,

cai /.6;<.J*_1)

,Lnr6"6.5_o_675{

Vn= 6'o6--5- o,6?9^'{_ :;f ;3-U

r: Li = I ^':'rGr:J) "
.':-utl.tn

c*-l / 3
-o^on1

= o.z 6 6z

.o ,-l Jy1

| ^ 6842

\27+7
LLI t'237-5)

( t1'z+fLtt t i=a*l ^ c_

: o*qzc{

2 -/

- t . '7'L

-,.-, r"4

i-j (i

.-o -o1t

f=l-L-i +Y5"A+Y

* o--662 = o-Lizcl

-lo.-L{85ag^5?

o -\ZQ .i- o -u1t I

.)\ ':'_)-

..' - _ ,
t)

0 l
A

I " r,

!" .-1
I n '\o !t''

jr-!'a,.

I
6{

i '

f e.c,(

r
(

45-5zz^A:
lao

\,3l?d

r A A F{ r -- ,f)3 =

l-3\1YI
YCtC\

-9"2 ) = S i * z^15 .L

z6'231 ic*''

\t^

C -4 Y

&= Y-&
\ A

Z,

'-

1_ q,

\ _ 3 \ ? L {= 3 2 _ q 3 5 l c ^ ; ' 5l^? 5-5Zt- =

r
-t

it1-o*Y

)tvl

()

-J

X= q-8ql 3,)q Y"n-

1("^

A
F \ t

,t
-

./

'r

r' 'r)-

- J uI i z 2 e . 3 5_ \ - L 6 ^ L 1
a1

= Lb'

o { --

z o \
'-zr ( <1, , \ W J J
'a

CL:

32-q35 lc*

A,= A==
'S -fc" -:
)
n?

3 " - q 3 5- \ 2 5 ^
Ycc'*l

q - ? u r \: z ( ' ,E2\
n \

\c*-

/\LV*"t --"'-

P*g
I

z5
?.
i1

z4-?.s\
-rr *1,oa

/'1 n \ {Q< L' '

L\-

a) "

,L 65" 6q-

-)
t-)

L/v

z6-20u
+6* )

<"ft-b+ s-7,i
-.X4 -"1
U 'L".'Y : , ^ f

= 9"a5-tt

38

Lrr'1

+g.s

t,sac

Cr:i."a_?_:

'ilr-F

DE
o 4o

U - H Z ; < r r> W

r r

,,

/^,A\014r)

t/
\ i

>2-

(n
v
l v

-1
J

-- 5r -.52 C

c,-utte-yt i 1'l
F lL - ( '" t

,ttn

I 1
1 L

//
l v -

q5

{1'"v

Ll>
-'1 A -tv

L-1 5

150 lYo
lo r't | [/u

ivo
t a ^ l l v

3
t4 I

12>

a>
'rv

i r /

l l v

1-"
-7

tL/

,)J)
h L

I \

l f "

lje
t./ /1 0 v

tr<
r t n

\L2

\L5
Li5
< 4 ^

/ o d AL-J q

Gn
l"

a v

llo
l^r( l(-/

i 5o
\ n

to3 8o

) a-/
J t a 1 v

G -

o
-'l

$o

\"\ ,4

+v fio
l.^/'

9 q o

,,/

+
I

4o
(rO
f/

_-

5o
,
t\J

i \

t ) v

i A-r l v '

55
J-v

m1

LT.

"

t >
(1- )
,.1

t.a

(-

I J v

I 5'2
I I A--l v J

lL)

"lI

lo lo

/;/

It

-\

I5o t50

\ )
"J

to

L-2

l>)
.> bt!\C l o )
i \ \

)>"
l v /

\-/

,*5 t6
{155 < |oo = ;-h^

,-

'?r .-.

(./v'

' D.R- DT
t

Ort"^ \^*:o

A\,

I I 2 . <t C

,_ T

D-?-. 5t CLegL'.'^5= .=--

3 Z , a ^ i - 3 b o o * - I o o -- | c'*
tl5^ to-'
6,

-:C-K

{l}ass

: F'orf.hveer

University of Al- QadissiS'a Coilegeof Engineering -Engineeriag D eparfment . -C"-iinl 2ndTerm examination (2010 - ZATU

$ubject : Elydrologl' Timc Date' : 1.5hours :281412A71

Q1/(30 }{arl.si. of groundu'aterby sketcha- expiu-* the occurrence B- Fefine: l Specific yiei! { Flou'irig \teiis

P u m p i n g te stu 'a sp e ri o rmedioder ennine]theper m eabiiifyof- .@|:' \+,aier level in the rvell before pumpiitg :L3&lJn, r..i3r'h.,
I t \ -

ftom the q.611:200 otw"UJiQg-ry!, discharge Folloiving obsenationrvererecorded:adianieler --'-tt:'Jezs'-' a-"'-.r--'

rvater level h the well at constant

:133 .2 n,leyel of ir::pervicus strataat the boffom of the q'ell:l08.3 m, yraterievel in p,uirrping

:13J.6 rn, ,:adia-l well from the test rveLl: tQE of the obserVation distance an obse.rvaiibh,..ve1l Caiculatethe coefficientof permeability(K) *d the radiusof chcleof influence(R;, . S{ h | (35l\{arks}
ffrJ infloq' hydrograph observed'at ihe start of river reach rvas tabulaie.d as below. perfoi-nr *ihe respective routing of tire .flood using the L4uskiil.guql iaethod for ic.uting peiiod / ' 1 "\ / - . _ ''/\r'''n cl rrra xi n t,l ra l l ur vableiAS:5*106r tt,ir liiiul outflowO:50r n3 i s ec ) . atIU I fl llI l. I ,\-(r. i.f AIILl JIlil\lllIUIIl

Iruck ..,"- GGCd.

Eeaminer :- -[ikulfiksr.Raszak

ls

. -+1sL
/r1
t -

a\

-1 ,1 lt-

- -17=

/ (

'al ft(rt'

.-\-----b ao > =
z . r / -

D \r.r
N\

As.?t'

' / f u ^ - _ - b E ) n

,-------'--4
----E)

6 9
r\
L4

,/

?
r

ffS t- |Yn*\

A r '' l

. .1.r'

z
Class Forth year Subject ElyirologS' Time
])ale

StWaitt
Liniversifi 'rf AI- QadissiS'a Engi:ieering College'-'f artm e-n1 Civil Engi:reering D eP

L.5 hours I I ZATL First Term Examir'ation

-10r1)

Q 1 / Answerthe follov'ing (3S Marks). L- Define: 1- H],drologic

fl

t pl??ipitutiou5- Cycioni

,1 '1 L/ :, "
a

&-,What are the manual gages rathichused to measure l:I\/er slaqe'/ Bxnlai:aUrem.

Q 2 / (3Sh{arks)
A cfnrm
i , \

"^L-J "ffil

hr occun'ed ovet a catchmgnt's area ( 1-15 Kli- r

'Ihe

baseflow was

th. 6,b1Q5) Derive and clreci: b'elora,. (j! in /sec),\vnirethe totai rainfall rvasindicated
1 ' 1

+
DK-'

- -oL'sG

(35N{arks) areaof (10 Km) lengthfor eachside. r a i n catchments A square

^-^ ^ L ^ '\^r'rr -'g Jllu oacre re d i r - i1l -a *---Ig - s-

meanmethod2over the basin b1' 1- Arith.metic in Fig,(1) beloiv. Find the average.prec'ipitation method Thiessen
^ \
t t -

'+

f.1

t""

A f \ l U
,Ci I -l 14 t'V.

'r,-,i 't

i.-_----l->-l]

I
I

Good Luek
r r a m i n r : r : Thuliiknr ll_e_zzr i k -{I -E{ussein

=.::,:.:,=.:=:-_-r:i:::+:==+=+:-

Qs/(20ilIarlis)
A well is penetratea confined aciuir,:i' cdmpletely r.r'hich yield betr,veen_tr.vo j impermeablc
l

la1-ers as shoi,vnbelo,,v.-Water pr-irnped fiom the r.vell for a.iong per-iodat a mean rate ofl (15 m'/hr). If the coefficient of permeability for the soil is (1 n/day), find ihe maxiinum drar,','down in the pumpedlvell making Lrsefr-il from the iirformaiionshoivnthe Fig. (2) beicr.v.
n
I

Ro=600m 3 0 0m

75m T
I

\I

zl

n - r \J.|-.L

I I

1.0 m

ww
t a. l l

.. a. t.

Bi'

0 . 5m 0.5nr
.>:

2.50 rn

Prrmnorl
, s , , , | J e . J

rrrcll
Y v v ' l

r,veli Cbservation

O b s e r v a i i o nw e l i

Figure (2)

:'::::-_-:-:.:::-:.__::':!:::_.;':

,a'=."

br ia;_== .\a

._.-.::,.-..

'/

l,

For-r.it'i'ear
rl-.ri -,-,{i\--

i-.iniversiryof Al- Qa'iis-*i-r-a

rtr

:/

{-n]1oci .rf I no;:relrir,.

u L r . : - ; e

'1

i\::

-Q

i- j.--ii F.n -; r - -:i-,:'

' r : ' l : l r l q

f, :t;.ti,t-'

:.-ii

. i .

; 1 j . i 1 i i

ir

}.iaris i folloii i;rg (-1{-i ^.'.- Drfinel iP.e:-le:ti''ii,'

l. -. ! . a - \ h l l , =

; 1 _ t ' . 1 , - ; - . ' * , . - . . ^r : i 3 l

the ins;-iltm-ilrs \\;nicli us-i ro il- \,i-e:-t :r.L-e

'il'r " '':i{.\ ---:,.. } t {I: i \,f :; rirq)

i,-jiU

r i-llr

- 'lill-' i,\-/

- .3ichlrents

, i l l ine il aiea shclvii in Fig.(i') lias rair qa-q3sreading as sho\Iill belcitu" Fin'-i
tii

iii

^V , .I^ . .+ L^ 1-^^:- L ., 2- Thiesse:l lll3thod' L , - V 1 _ A i - i i h i r i e t i c nfean rne'rli.od LII.(j UA}IIT . precipjiation U f i=fu rnwt

ili
lil ;;
ll!

iil

F5'25 m

P2=15 t'i{ill

ili

f+=36 nm . :

?^, -- ---*Kn

I tl

am ?3a.73

areaqiith streamflow (Ct: catchments Fig.(Z), find the dischaigeof unit hydrograph.

in 1.80,Cp:0.55) shcra;n

S ire a n-r flo w

. . " .G o o q L i uck

l:'-\-u

\ )

1 dJ,

L-:-

-Z-

.J
J / *

J.\

._: tr ;: r- 'it ',;, -'-:-,

a\

---:I

.!

!\

r.Y, 1.', i ! i

-\

(,.

j-

,r-.

.-L..

i
. J J

; l
l : : i
.i:: . ;) t ,, l ,-,i-<

\ ' - - , . . i l - + L

' - -

i.;

- i - ' * ' l i I

. :

j.!

Ji

),:i.

!- -

:-

i ,,". i ,.{ l'-,.t

,
,'' i

\-rr.:t, cr1_i''-'' ' P''

t^t

Z*

f.';cr-;.:ir i-r".,".-c ir'f.Uh

- :i^-.-?i.

...,

t \

os-\ -._'

:! r ^+

i\

I .-1-'i^a

!i.--.,,'...."'-,{:-.'r.

: 'r:

t,!

;. -,'..-*J-, t-,,i:,,;f

i rr-i-^.-i p) j frci-ir

i'

i,

C,^ . i
, l

I
i rJ i l

L.Cr-r 5 t.\'--; .)

./,

.-t'

.-

.'

[:<t.+ic't I

I Lql-\-

<\C.'r-

i l --l !rG-r\

44l/

D-*-b\a

l"{.o-ss C*rt.e-)- 1s

c'-

ytlt'{<'
CiJ a ,'f vr> t C-:*t

,,N
i l -t-v-(-

'th'c{'c t.-'-.. <-i "\'

fl

'{tk.
<'" C{ctr'r

'tsr{- g , * - c . ' [ . - ' / a r , ' r * +

, \
*{ r'-i

J" 1 (
S c-^'r

$,.-l-.*-

dI

,r

*-<-\

It

.t)
ljj.r'

} er'-rf

eL'\

u1.r.'.'^.b'.-i- t4

i t.C\c"t'i ; l !iL!ji\

. l? 1

c- c1 -fQ iJ tl

,
o-,"^

i\eJ'fYr"'t'refl

.rJc---t

.-L

e^St',!-,*rr

/'c-:,;t- i (U

t\

, : -

l-'1
\J

,-, l,'t, CI-

ft,rJ'i'5'f s

ot

i r c!-S!!5.--_--5 etf'- : r*ahk{

t I . ,

,fs

b''it"
bi

C<iu

L,/ ftr'Yl i Lrl

,-J

I'i
t | ( rf";,t'

t,1
rJu{ F-er^ 1

' I

.{E
!-<

-f.,

,^-

'-l'"r

--

/j'
,' 7' '- :-:;t .-.-. i

--.

.t

\ '\
i l-1

r-{. .-:i :t d - ,-.1 ,l

f)
'41?

4-

>-

$)

-T\.is

bf=

[, ,r-t

!i..<--'.,-:

.-., l JL o.*-.

Jo,:)* [.,,- Ji't

li.i

r'

+l-q

. \

E*I LUlt: 'fAr c-tle c.t-ar--

.-i-

rn ri

-. :"lrt

^Ct

.:

'+ i\ q \ \ iv'Vr. C l,t-\ I S

I \

.'o*.Lc cL t,.c ke*" -

S g-f

4!1\ 4\

iJ ,-i ett 'ltr^ )- t

l I a I9rj-(-t*L

!i1'
I I-r.1 L

i)
'

dr
r /) e-f

sPrl:)
.-l f rJ-

c.r-

!.r*"-

L-;ctlo-.r'.Lg-

f\,il

i\urci-..ir

cl-rr_

C" ,, '1r,'. 1-S ,Y

*

i' {-.',' .t8 1

q7,r cJ1

j l"-r:-r t'

a -\

| -.-{

-r- Cc.:J- i*1

c1 ct-cis--f

--Tr.r
h

it se I

Ul-

f [*.*f

-*-':+t i"^c.i.-os'i> G-.-.ie l.. .,'{

:'=+*J*iL- r.

*'",";U

",-

&''i -

7't:'.

i-j i , ,

. r -

- )

J-r-:"

-_)

.'-:-= | {. 'j - tS1.

L.\

t-

t '

z5a

\r;7

nt

. [ , 'n'U-

{4/'

\d, i I t . / F.-

.reY ' > \ '\ ; i )-

t,- r{<
--ir

| t-

ii

\i.-

Ci,L
..

a-J

zi.6s (\Z-5
"L

I C - _ ) .(

? Z+r1 3
:,.)
,r . - ll (

.a A'i ,F- r': /.i l \ v l : J l r , r

= .3.i S+J
-Y
.-t .--4-''
L ! ' \ *

(-t

= \ 5 fi'.zS
L
i. F ;c't
a t \ .t tr's /

Cr'{

(-U"Y

\ , --$\

Q ^| <--=t ^ ac

Q -) r c -J
(*-

5-ec\-gic-'-a} -

rer.i--l; & rc
E l ; t

, ' {} g )
1 ^

"--lL:
' j l - ' - l

'-t: Jt'
! ,.-

t)- i

d-cl (-) j

t '- ' f ( + u' Qt+

c t ! ' v t v r r

?? 4 Z > i S a L L r - 1

- : . =-.o1 t-- z5i 8-q5-i3 t'L-s d',?J"&)

ot5o +
--*/'-7lP L 'n 'n
!-

a,:{z,* "-29
J

.:e, 7 ]_
/',

a"/"I '1
j

. ) p4

t'
i /

\,
) Q

ql-""

,r)/

.--;{l--i
.".-:, +=2-=r.

-)

-j

._ '1- i

a ! .

,' ('i -id-lT !

:i

- -.=--'t:r{l

.-_

1 4 F;<r

,i

---l -

'i n
l i

(,s-z I {s:-=
-

'db .- ^,o -1
, r"J

ln I t

-?- |

tg L 1 + ' . 1c ^
< A_ . J v \ L1 J,, rn /)tJ*F J*

'

4 i < u , \ - ' - !

i-

c 'l-. '''r

..-

--i

--

.:

\-

r ;\it.

i -t

"

: ii nlro

.,'eit l-

l-:liversitl of .-\.1 - a d r s s i ta Q
,t

;' iri., . r . . - ' , J ' i- ..i

: Hvdrolosi' : 1.5 hour': :18/ 2l?009

l ^ o l 'e l o e o . fE n o i n l e r i n g g ll elrartnr enL L-ivil En cln cel-in

llinrr, ::. Dal.e

F i r s t" l ' e r mE r a m i , - ' l f i o r i n' '2 0 08 1009

ij
d

] : {) i, il '/ il
/ t .

A n s r + , eth r e i 'o l l o n 'i n g(.*1iU \'i a il( s) "

il il
til
lil

t@rlefine:t@

2-

O\,\,'.pOint

ru

\llnr rh ie ir.,la sr Clnr',t t1"-,.'.

il th
H IH

$l

p i i a ti o n . c i : r gci i5 - C v , . : l o in ' *' h a t . a r - e '';" l ri clr qia g e s g , Bt h e n ri tn L ra useci io ir e.asur e r iver sia.ge? Er plair i ihe.r n. |/ t 4 7

ili IJ
H
[|

tT zl rea n rl l ra l ra i rrl' ail figur esfbr four statr or r s

n31-it|l'l

The arierai-e

firr t.he s t" a ti o nB s a i -rcl D l ri rven oi k) ,ieti establi:;ir ed. f i', alu e r
I

lil

til..___.

1i'::*-

A n n u a lr a i n f ' a l( J2 0 0 7 ) llAnnLralrainfall (20ilE)

t!

iii li
lit
i i ii

trt ) \.LLL

u
H
$I fi

._--_, 4 g,0 4a a

/?

il

" . !1

./l

'-.}

fi
ft tl

i3 o
I

1!,
two \iear-sof r-ecorcl

iii til :t
ffi

,:1. ,

Forr:cast the z n n t

i a I 2 \ , / r a r -o rP ' r ol" slal"i *. at staiion lhe on"(: fi-orri)hat .-\ Lr\,,er " :__: .-: _-_"., r_____r. _/,, I : . _i. _: .__="
z\/F1-2oc 1:nr

I.i i Forecas

suL Lj onsG)andiD'.r-rsinq' both Siari'rirsA r_-J

C ciara.

fii it, *t H
EI HI
kt

fil $l
Itl

F i n d al so ti n ,e L ..l sc.

> {)lj [.rr[^r-l'tetat Direatr*noPf

ifl
FJ
FI

m3/sec)

f;{
lit

r thr) t*iu ti il I-,Llrii , " . ..

ffi

Class
; il r r h i p n +

: liorth lcar Hr drologr

Linilersiq, of Al- Qactis:i:Tii'.1rir

L0llege (rIt nglneertng C i i , i l E n g i n e e r i n g D e p a r t m e nt

Ii'"..-.,"'. i iT i r n p
lt:

1.5 hours
)i t ?00q

D..ric

1R -;"

'2 009) I i r l n ri na t i o n . ( 2 0 0-8

t h e f o i l o n ' i * g/\ *?t ! i\' Q i i Ansn'er

A - I J e f i n e : I - f{"r 6lr-rrl ,' "'i r 5 - C i i g l 6 n l .p r e c r p rta trctl r. B- What ai"e L h em a n u e i

i\ i a i-ii-sJ. Ci:, 1-

..\llredn

?- D"ra,

4-

DOpble

\,4;a..c Cr4r.'p

h r-rscil LOlt.tC:r:iLll-e riVer stage'/ Explain them

Q 2 I (351\(ar-li.s) Tli e f o l l o u , i n ga i 'e a *n n L ra l i rrl 'a .l ra l fistirc.s lor [orrr.statiotls at a cerl.ain \"al u e s f b r t h e s t a h on sl : n rtdf) l ra ,,e n o r b e e re r s t a .ib slh e d .
The : r r o i - : ro o

r
[

il

tion -Qta

Annual at/el':r<re

il il

A n n u a lr ; r i n f a l l Q}An
(nrin)

l lA n n u a l r a i n f a l l( 2 0 0 8 )
ii (nlin)

l]li t.ni

A1 <

42.0 3 30

s4a

a l

F o re c a s i i r e a n n u a la ve ra g e ttf sl a ti o nC l}cm ihat at station A over the two years of record. Forecastannualavet-aEe for st.rLjc:-rs B a nd D Lr sinrht- r tlr Stations A and C clxa. 3 / (3 5 I \ { a r l i s ) Detern-line the totai iiydrograplrlil- the rrvo stonns of 5 hr and 2 hr ciLr r alions Lr s i ns

'rl

r e f o llo ra , i r ' g 2 h r U.l -i . rvi th Ll i j ri -rl i r/ l i i ') anci ( 12 m r n/hr )

:i:.lrr-=;t::: -.i:.-t i.-::-: i-,., ., :. .. ', -:: -i .. :

j/se c ihr. F i l c l a l s c r in i c b a s,:,

m3/sec)

+ {.hr)
.t:t,.'--.tn VULA

7 il I
,..rli ' t ! ( ' ! r

l0

.'r ii ill i il C I-: -

-)

'---)tr;i'\

==-L*'z-.-'

'

! '_ : , r ' .
r-+

''

-, r^.:''
I

t ,'t'l 'T
-t r.'it:

i: \

.'\ ,- ra r-l,\ <.

..L

-- .- .

*c '\

l ^

".
I I

, l ,(:i.-]:tr-t

L'

^/'-) A ( 1 ,''" ', - t

l,

, , I
I i \ L \ .

I
il.

- i I

\,

J i

i ;

t i:'

. -

-, .-.t

f
t i';

'

t - . . r ' : \ q , -

r
, i , ;

.{_
I !

.,

:--

,1-a.:

i
I

, t
i

-'..i''
' l'. *' l rl l "l

I '1'

.i , , -.rt"i. - i \-

+r.\'

r i.

r.. l L,.r

-i'-,.. i'i:
:-l-,'-,.' I

, .*-*" .'
:---. |''(ilj,

I _\.

.. I

:-.

-'

-'t,'tc.-{j
l 1 Ia ...

C"r ii'tlr' Ci}

njt

t i

{.--

.r''

\
/

Jt' ':-J j

r)\

.L - 'i{'?*(

>

r..

r'

i'

. .

,<t,

, i!+ ,
-2 . i,r,.^, ' r + r ,-r. -J
! !.'

t'rl- r-

--'"i-j*'

.l

t-1.\ i."..- +lsts-cti-r'

l'-r

--

'I

i-)'""'i' 5' i,,-+'G;-;i'r

i2

t.,!, \,

u
:!.1 l'

,l

l : _ \

l; i' --..{--, -l'll -,, \ -.. t t

,l *- 'j: I i'rt, .l'S

t-. )r-...'-;i-

. ) 1l a - ;i '/ ) 'i ' ' t p

. l

'

-'r'r-r

,?

:-

.?-, q, [:gEd:L

t'

L .'J:!L,.

i-.

:
.

4 .1:,:r ,
L.r

'

t' J i

il-i1iti.. J _

, , r.'-. 1 / '

L a' ":_
I

L'\

.i._.,''5;ir$-'-:--l

r *i-

a:'*

l l1;r'r'g''{.;, ;
I

;-i.i .
. l

l ' l a

! =

- ' I

\:.'.f f L,.

- :

r . ,t . i '

, .

:
l. r,'r 'i- --r

rt.{

I i

,,

i *' L--

{' "TI

li ! ,

. I -1 l',. ta

I , .,.,, ::i 'i-,',.

. , : ; , +- ' - - , \ -;. Y
. l

.,1 h ":l i-

'+ F.

t - '

'1,--{t.
l

/ - . ! \

(.

ii:/

r t , '

'\
a ) r

1". ,... . i
I r . *

r r.; .- .rr_,,

.-.'l v t

i
:.i.* i_!L.*
! i '

I
I

' .i

\.*.

rr*

-*'t,
\

v\-.-

,- rr

t i

J . ' * ; 1 g - , i : , C i a S Sr h [ E

-- -

i -\ r/v\ ;
_r l

i ' -

^ ,

--:

-r - -{:J

.!i

.j >

\ .. r!-L

l\i_ -

k=
fn
->= 3?
2'1

/vA
-t..'/ie ^--u a co
Nut 3*4 rel*^

A Jtt&"\a)' ,i :------dsrng st-cn-*,i.n

fs fa
3t
?

---?

teB

Na
+
,4

Fn=\3rF.f
, ,fel L

qT1- = $\'r"'-rn

N6
?5-9
33 -1- :i-i
L-. , l ^

Xf N&= 79-T'o^{\r'

n ,'"'

3+
t- -

I r . i

'i-5''--- -'' = -i

'[.-.a

i..i

=
l' L-<'

] , j f 9 l * Y

iV'H ! " t

. t t

-.:.(-

-..1-* +.'-.,,-. O ',{'--!*'

t
l

i-

4;'rtT*
BI
---i;

..-:'

.) (--

.1

VLY-

a-41

=-

t l i t

, !

' \ -- , i r ' r /\..^ |

J l ' l

Vl cr"V :

. { l

:1

'1

. )i

i
j

l-'

-)
9 r -

LI C."

@
'1" r',. --t ''

:
.r

i + l

"
E'

.,1
I i

-i

o
. t

i f
: .'. i l ' *

;l-

-t

(v{

i{,
.' '.,1

'L-"

--- \,

.". :' : - '

- r
t t 1

[ ,-

'"1

r i ' d -

t
" r , 'l t't tl ; '

i.-'.r
.

i ; . ? -: !"-i -

I
I i i ,

t , 'v7 - | l

- - - . !

- t '- .'ii- \.1 L1.-.r':r t

a !

i J

; t"->
i

f
; l

't '-/
''i

;) ---1
L.- ir -'\ -r.

: /:

. L.

; \ - .
, l i

x I
'I
I

----

l ( i ) t"':

I I

I
i i.-.->
; t '

L-*:

'-2

.:;

.-

' 'i

"1,- T'

.: '(:'
J L '

,i :L
>

l-'b-r
i
t

'

, ' l - i t

''-

I n-'

i rF
' !

I *-}
: .'3' ! , !
:.r \
4

D- 7-

Lit
v

L -.!?
1 9

V-c.

rii cd

It'

'.

:-:
i

LJ

: - 1

;-tt
,F: I !-.+

, .ft&
-I

zit'-,#'
,ii-i\'-'e 1 l t

'do,--\i
---i ' L - ,li \

'' -'a., .

bi.,i
3 ,'\ Lrl.L-'t 'r ;t

:'.

'1 L

o
A-

L-i? |

Ll

-?-\-i

';') - -'1 9:5

-t' \''AZi^',' i
{Y
i *.:lrSiri' i I i't-r

t-

,Lr--

?.vrv

It ") . |

c;- t" g--1 t L i

I L

-i- .
Ir

r t I l

/ L.t

? l

-)

i l . {{ -- a

? _ .ii,. l L .

,'-

; i I 'l-

i
---l

| ; :

:-

t .J .

Li-1
)

L- ...I..

5*Lr,

c:-&
l.-Q:

'l-\
L -

F
c1
l

-1

r -

- - 1 1

:,-

, L .r , i '?t-"

t*l

\---]
I
a: - . -

iI \ - ' It

:
i

r-i

.:-I

4-l
-, t3

'-,,,

.i

,.L,"L

1 r, ?"1-?'5! - 3

l "lC
-.r

L.j

j i c
'| V

-Y

];

1 {-:-i':

-i A

i!__

,-

i ?-5 I -,-c 5 i r
i 3_t

<(7

' -.r

i.

t,t i n tl 4

i-f
t -(
' t

'l t.; i ,, ,
|

j + t c " i a l3 Y - ? L s
:

i ;;'4.'

i-84 ilr=btglELi=s-?'ti
l-18 |
',i I t,--;i i ! i C' I c - i a .l b ' t. i8 ii

I - a r e ' , f: T ]i--i -i i i = S " f i S

-,

ci- F
G- J

f 1

t ' 1

'

r\-' 4L . t - ;'* | i -t 'e ?,-.fii o-G1 1 ,. .+(;I | "- -i-'l- ,'ll F L'-

u"t I rry-ts s-i;4]g"as| .+ | q-zti

Li i^

.*

' , . - - r ,i - i t L t,,.- i ! t-'!-rat l

i
U ' -l

| .-ib
i b
i . -r;

Ltv,*
L iL":
---.i-.^

'q TS,*'Y

i-,.-.qe' =?s'l-"'-:

..-{'e,rlh
.1^

t ' avq 4\

: i{;zdrolory
: 3 nours
, . / | lanna | LVV>

'i ' i)l

,/ --^ O

l"iT n ^i 'v "e ' rsifv nf

Af Qad.issira.

'c !\ .Q

College of E nErrneertng Civil Engineeri oJl.o"*-.o, Final nxaminafion (1't try) (2008-2A09)

Al,Define'i-$y41,]ogII-W3-EvapotranspiIatio{Aquic1ude5-Pr B Explain thegpes of humiciiiy and?.3*ro measure them.

i {hat are the methods
1^i- rL^* 1c1!-I Ll1('l1.l.

h ^

uclur.t1Lj/.

h -

l - + .

/A '*

Q 7/ (20Marks)
xplain the occun'ence of moisturein tire vadozezone. R. A trianeularcatclments alea of (50 l(in) length fol ea,:hside,rain gages.-uJing at co*ers 4 : 9 shownin Fig.(1) beloiv.Find the averageprecipitation over the basinh), 1- A-irllteti $arc 2- Thiessenmethod. flrnethod I

i!

? 1 = 2 5m n

p3='r5 .^ /--IAp2=2o

/ >'\

7 \

Figure (1

mm

' (20 '^-^-.*1 \ - . - -Marks\ /23 / : I)etenrung

-'

)r-y lL {;r-$, J ."

htr4.n--o-L f 6 1 the : ..to f r l \,JsLv6LapL!,,br f h e trrio f r u n rain r e i n storms cfnmo n {l I " - and.'J - - s . ' ' . ' r i , - -our +i^-^ ,.^i- ^ J,u\ o{Ch, LIurl.D

,i..
i . , .

.t h g

bllorving 3 hr u.FI
LI]I menis
i

''vith (i5 mm/ hr) and (tg yt^kr;)

i i z '-.:1.'t

\-' nr ' \+4inrensity, respectir,.e.J.

Llb.Ll-LB
Ul .

' :'

:14.5 I{m-. I c,sse-s :3

r'-Ll. qjd i,

A -^^

^rlt
I

:1.2 rni/sec wirh increase:0. ;n_r-ji,il-u-, base flor,-,,

m-isec/h-r. i
{l

l:1

.T

H:t

I'
0.3 1 . 0 2 . 9 5 . 6 7.3 6 . 7 4 , 8
L
J.O
a / '

\l /lq.*ili
dl U,O
v._l

Eg.+: 0 ic-it;
,*+1\

2.8 2.4 i . 5 i . 0
9 10 i 1 I2

0 15

13

1 ^
1 T

tt

h")

.,-::=:: .

:1:i]

':

'" r';:',t1,,.,'.'i: i.;;'filt:1-;:,"ir';,;i;t;1{;,,,'ii:iij'1:-'1i-;,1':t:.1,.,1 i, .;'.r.1-',..ij.:1iiir=j,,'#i::.:*,:j:.

---':j:j.

' , . : ; : ' r ? . rJ: :

:. .: "-

.t-

i | ..
I i

r::

outflorvhvdro 'aph are tabulated below.

.:' f i n o i n l storagecoefficient (K) by using Muskingum meihod if X:0.1, the irflc \t-. anc i
1 J ,r a
i

ryf

.'

:.-.'

;1'

:"

''
: . ! ' : : .

=t

'.

. s
:

i:

*:tIfii

0 5
J

t2
50
1')
L L I

18 50

')^

30
))

36 15 29

AL

Aa

/o +o

.J:

<,4

60 5
r\

:aa

00

${s:/s.

20 6

32 38

10
aa LJ

7 17

5
1J
1.)

35

i7

ffi
A rveli is

.l l I

,,i
:

a confined aquifer completely which- yie)d, befween two impernea.bie JPenetrate ayers as shorvr] belo'uv.Water pumped from the weil for a- long period at a mean rate ,of
- l

.t 1 5 lrl rr',3 /ht) T f tL{te d r . uuurrluleirL rnpfinion+ ^F ^^*.^^Lir!+. r]^,, L1/1 | 1 LJ /LIJ')' rL or perffleabilify for the soil is Q n/day), 't , 1 , . , l 1 . -

find the maxrmirml

< _ , J

rarvdorvntn thelpumpedwell making usefui from the infbrmation\hoiro the Fig. (2) belorv. , j

I |
| r

o
| , -

, \z(l\ /\i-r

t-..l--i-

'', l# J
a^=600, /

I I

I lson I t s ^ ;+-_--_]]'-J

_
i i=

,i
I

r I ,

# i l

f 'l ';fl

Prrm

nar{

r_,

\r
! -

- !,,Figure(2)

G o o dl l u c k . . . . .
Ela m inei::= -Th uifi kap Razza k*AL-Huss eini

is +L="e:;f
ii L-6-p'iLLa'v 1 1 v J

*'.Jen'
_ t4, A't
. 15
4q

_f) fri^ 3t

, t 4+3 t
^

4 #ne
(bp;ttql I
r l - t /

o t o..rr 'iLl \ J

i.ro*.*

+*tt*

cr-/,

fk

inois'l-a"'e r"-ist/

[" s"
i l -i"6-{

3 "i{

,/4Ot--4

e v-&{la+ i bo?

6t!^'z-+'-

u,nie,n {--bk

ls -1..f

' G+--}4b

u -

* #'e I,

/ \ '

g t

. . '

'eq ie n' U

i"

t r

,./b{

'

, i .

.--</'/t

A t./

" .

-- 'Y/
L'l

. f Y

, 1

,;..:

:1"'

\) e = z-r-:l-:
v v / / -

5c

n t

ts;'.t

2-6'>
e J

l :
- z'

-\--t ) v

,/
-

.:

-' -

,i*
,
\.)

4..-

tr.

"J

?,1t,6/tW^^ '
-

.. . rAfl

75o35

{Jo

/<' A,o

/,/'

1 . \
l /

2*'Ro \ *\tL=!:-""-i/ "q z U v t L" t o l''r'Ou .-(n-

r-7

..-5'\

* Qta +Oo

l)o
c o { -(-J

-.1

(^

?'l ) l

L , )

_ / 6 e xOo

c J l

i 5
r be l <19 -.i

z'K.,-t^3- CZ:::)
r -LqL.6o-bo f

V J

- -'<-''a ---.

6oo
1

FJ -a--

QLc Se
r -l ln'.^.-t\
t

-' \Taz2"-

(Y\ +o

J P rgve-t"" t

J -"l -, L , ''(,r - ) ) n q /l
l v

,1 ,

J\ .-*l/ " .f-

t\ er'Ll n;\
V

' .a | 1 , . : ,

\i
\

i,t /.:.' 'a{r''

.
i r \

.
l

T.=*- D i i F"",* *ob tg 2- I r

t \ 1r -l*-./

oB
-f- / " = s t, t4 I

o3

-7S-ry'J) -' -' 1^J*)-< d-/i't-:s; ?

, o < - - t.C' )i - l \-:>--------!3qttgti+. '\ (

' 'ft' ',r ,t' 1 ' : ] t*1.ff, hii*.....,.

b

$:
5,

e_ __ Ll - B g 'n_- 43

\w

<

J-{l

tt ' /'J 4"t

,N
? ' ,..

a'
Lq! -

o-35( o-5r-

( E - . . L

t-^ (-<

--

o--35 Lu-5 +
l/A F-l

= o-55t

fr1,aid-=\

4 b r jr\-,0/"
+r",- {qrrlg
' \ 4 ) -

^v1* ,>
''/,/'/ /
| '_-/

8e
4o
6c

?42
'Lo
- A

2
_-_:_

, <)

2 -

--

\+6 -8 ? 'i\i-8

lrt\ "

Al''

{'

/
.t

,{ t3
L ' U

u4Y , rl, ' .()tt

zYV -r-3 6
--1-

\/ 5>u-O

: f f i j

3-c'{ I u* /'I'* g -C*-\ i C".*-A"r)

4att:
l

'= c-r.T<

-'-t11

Ll I t -

uf

- i t - o - " 6 ) - C l l + , L i n r ' . ' jI c r o- 5 5 - N ) KAC.-i+

l

t , u

(o-U.F-

..'

r t ' c - ? 7 , l E j ( o - z r o - 8^ 4Lr )

= :i"la ("-rgJ-o 5s".o.3) . 6 ) . - ( i i ? . y ^ i * j^ 2 a - l r r - \ . + { J-o-> q_cl 71

zb z-Z

o-o17,l ,{:83)to-L+o-8^o-3J = l6.ot r

i Hi - / o ^ F l -l'* -h,

LaJ /r.6],

. '

t. r *t*X )

E
:

i , hv.: {o6.5-r-695$

r io"- = 6o6--5* "-6gg^ Ll = 5o 3-72 -5-q+1

<-,-t // 3

*: Li= 1o^,1w:]' = ;:&

I ^68lz

-n.-tJy

L'f r ?3j-5)' =

.(
-t-; .-

-ri

:>

i
U \

*9-\:n(

ocl

^ Lizct ^ o-n-66-t o _Lt?9 *

-f o -Lt85r,?-58
o .-tl? I

,,',.;j,i1,

a+Y

,n-n !ly

yj'

,.\'l

= .-?-ar'

--\

,i',
I
t

)79-

'^rrrru u4 See*rv'-6{

iiu* i
I
l

.,."

r}

I J
r i. j: '., !-, r. l .t.

i '

\oY"'

(oS e

= \32
5
'-'
.

:- t-31?Y uq/
/4'
l

( ' +s.szz^A --\ -31?d

lto

A'
Cr\
4

A-

IC'-311Y,-l

)=z6-2aq ic,-'
1- i

a-= Y-&
? \

= 5-i \-3i"q = 32-q35

i i :

l{^^\
q-:ql t(+*.

)in

()

:-)
rl .l-1 3 =

5i^?

5-5zz_ =

--+ X=

A _-H..r. l

6 {
z-

+5.5LL''?-

\?o
/ \ -= /-\t /\3 . t ,
,\ r t,

2 6 -EBtt
't \

\c**

'C -*c. -:

l- Crr^t ------

*\Lv"^- t
^ A d t I

--

P*6'
642'\
! '

i
n3

z5 s5 -w

26''d:-l
+ r r

L\-

A o a

T) *

S 65" 6<'
.

z6-22q
--=:- .-1
t-oc) q,

(,r;+-b+ :7r,
- nA4 -a
(.r"

\--

Yt-\

2 na <-Ll v _ t e
4 , - 1 4

a-6..{3g C,

tb.>

'-,

't

z-i./i ?

2'c

I_i.hv)

A . i

\l/

-i:

-A-( L),
t

n /F D v.

t vl- L l Z L ,

\ i

io

l n v

o
Y U
'J t t r-n

i
t-

Inr,
{ v -

, (

4 2

9 i a -

J't'"v
-1 't

Lt>
n tr

150

-1- v
I

3
q

lY"
tw cjo $o

13o lJc
O"r 0 "

"1)

i('

l r v

1, J"q )
-f'd

l l , n 1 , "

2> uto

+-v
l l u

\L2

L:J

t1< toj Z!a

Llq
) J v

) v

l"<
l(-/

1 I Ll ,-) I J v

a -r n r/

,+
I

i r -

4o
'7.o

l l't

fio
| -/' lL2
,-1

5o

lo

t5o
L2

t>5
t i 1
I v J

3t-r

\50 150
tLc

lo lo

UJ

l>>

lv

Ea'"
/

lo)
i 1 \
I

l v . /

ffi'
t6

,va
n55

= > lJ-F"

,^rt

C{

$Llot

^ 3 b a o , r -l s o

,(t - _

"-

/.\,'r

A
I k t ol E i , r $
^ t i .

31}t = zz*^t-3e'
. l -

* -l o o

= { ( ^ n \t' F

F,
lO

I | )...

__

c_,t

' ili :t:t ,,4 " )--'

..':

:'rri:'

i.iQi ';.nt,
;

er^-tr', u .,f.tiie fr,iiori ine (20 ,il:iI;i:).

: 1

P e-b i l i t l , ' 3- E'".t1'c';;'aii;ir:i'r:i'^.,-.-.\qLLiclLL crrc -b :5 ,-,-Lr.:-i]'r:l- I{ldlolcg} 2- Lap-i iil'Le

; I

aud hou ic tx:i,,:..;:'iile1l]. the tvpesof itr-rniidiri\/ B- E:rp-,lain (E,,), explainthetrr. rrl,.rci c\/apot:ation to measure C- What arethe |re-uhods

.-ti A.,diti-' i#SJ+r#lO i

' , ,1 , -1 i n the vadcze zone. o f i rL o i stu t'e A- E: :p l a i ni l r e o ccl l rre n ce gages reaclinqat c()rl-lel*''i of (50 iim) length ior each side, rz'Lin E- A.triangrilar catchments:aiea jii over Lhebasinbl" 1- Ar ithm eti c r nean pr ecipitation F i rrcirh e a velar gc i n i r i g . (i ) b e i l o u ,'. e re s ho \ r , , n rleilirrd 2- Thiesseitrttethoci.
P 1 = 2 5m m
.9

i'.s,t Q 2 I (lJ -'11:,'

F i g u r e( 1 )

P3=15 nrm qi

o ?2=20mnr

Q3/(20N1arks) tising,ii 3 hr durratiorrs of 4 hr ar-rd trvo rail-r,storms .-Deternrine fot'tl-le the totai hycirogrzrpir
tii

i n t e u s i t y 'r,e s l : e c t i v e l r r{.i e a o r i i l hi 5 p i L l / h r ) a r i d ( i [ ] r n i n , h r ' ) r i r e t b l l o 6 i p s 3 5 r - U . H . r . r , i 1(

ill

j i.j r.vlih increase:0.i u3/sec/hL / L r rb , a s ef l o i , r r : 1 . 2r n l / s e c l(mr, Losses:3 mn.r catcllments:14.5 i:inci aisc ti.mebase

iii
lii
i". o

3hrLI.FI.
I'ill
rlll illii

0 3 1.0
j i r

2.0

0.6

(m3isec) t (hr)
\:= .:-rL.::

iiiir-

.rili

6 t 7 ,, E i g, ",, i r i
,-!- - -=---.=1=:-:-+1-.

"sr.ry:;+o
:l';']'I!;.'
.r.r/t_l. 4. , ;iiJL,': .i : ii::s:.:.. 1,., ;.t-lj..

' :ir'ilr . , ',j+'l::

Zo oq -Zoo E

-)t/

\ ;-;)

/ <-3

rpJ '

i-E-

r:1, . ', ' i .l \ .Y\\t--\Y

f l. \ I . ^ r I .),'\ V-'f, I v \ \C..-.j--.'

I

*",js

'

r,

..' .ji,ri,1fajri:;,r:.

..:

-::.,;ii>1:!.+t,t,

a;F;r-;>1:!"+1'

, -',.:,"..

,..,

i.;:j::i"'.a.L.i4.i;j:.:,;-:

:#1.1!:.itig.idlrfj,r,::,::ilf:;irj+.it:

'if i'.::-i

:::':lr;'''i'i i'
!:;

i :l

j']':t:';l:j3jr:j'lli::''..;1''.-l:.'.i.-'.,:;l'li''ij*|i.1:i.'il+lF'j.;.T!:'i':f$:1}

rffiTi,

.iatffilrl,:;:,

'J -r

P- r f +iDL/-

/ t/

: l I*-/

'()

I v

- , ' \ a , \-cr..t -L)?-,:uvE)

,r'7'

-.

./.
A I L/n1

/),,-"n:*

A-. t e Circ-ulo")
t?

r'--ia-ss A

i Closf ,A =

llr-rlaDrt
J t

i ) -r -._l

- r j A /\ r \ t r 'r - Y h r * f

l . -Fr C

-l z^
t4'
- ( i ' i / . - ; - i " 1 c'u. \ L)'-r t2,
Ur y-1 r'

l i

--\-\,.ie 2-t.

sse,1

I A ^

( I

U -

/vtL+hocL

-*

\
' l t t l -

'L)

m*'

T
, ^
n \ J Z /

,/ t I 4,/ /
/

LU-a

Lfr^

Y./
/ r'
,

i r

,{ t\ ,/Y: l/l \ | 1
l

Y
f '
1 , \ .]_e .--nn I -'-----= J

/ :-

, '/o - 5 /)tlr

i ^-A i-Ld-1 \ I i-.

i.

/r
tL2tvh< 2-

rL(t5a

i.L)

{ 1-2

u { i- \

/ ' ^ - , . -L - I G>f

, 2 --_/-_-__:_' - 5 r u - - 7 3 \ _r _f Lc )
L - -

tc -?'S
f
^. "-1 f ,.i_+ c

.,:-ti

+"

uJ\

,1-s.^^.-,

5i^

3-r :

i.ij-

l:r,

:: ..
ai",'

t h."r-

--\ 3 -c'"r"+.t-''j

' J l

c';2/

I.JJ\

z.- ? i. I

)-z- -^l / 5-,? t5)

t1
*

i*L^r:,,L

\)

-'\,

. ) \ - - i

:^

o I

(^j

aa

1 ' I

Z
<

t ' I

< ) O

\J
r'
I

a.

D - ) q _(-

o-3
t
I

2
,
v

Q
i

?.)

+
e
() 1I

u
L

>-1
tr" )
,-1 ')

ln

.J

/ - -n t

_:.
II
5 t ,

I t- I

(-J

3-1
,.-) x-5 -1-b
. t 1 (

G-/ L-o

\L ' 9i - YI

it:

L"-?
\ .ta I t* |
.. :;

\'/\ 9

.l |

t 1*H

l f

L<?

{ f L I
i'7

t L-I
-

ii -t lI _,t \--1

l l c l t (- I

L ( -

,!\ n . |+ LUi. L tt
, l <.-q

t- 1

I 4

i r r

o,13

l ) -

\ J "'1, fl

t2t
\i"a
l3-q

r ( I ( -"1

il3-"1

l2

<-* \ -.\ .-)

Q-w

u [
Ji \./

c ? i ='1 -

LYCI-

->. / r

?
' ; . LU_\*

C-Pt:

4-

-9 &r-= .1-\^C?u..
CxH = D\{r+C\-}t
m
t o

,r\ D L\r =2-\^ r'x"-J-r{ \--/ ':' 'a3

v

:
_>P

/i> tt - , r It _ u --/L
5 t.

t*\
5- \a \,

u' l

\ iQrA

: / . x \ -a <.-1^ -!-l
v

5
{l iT- ' i i
, \ 1
/ /<,u .ft t r

' :

lt ."r - 1 W q t

,+'lll

to-4tq
'41
r

.'\ v

z\- ?t .
f.= O*eJ
I

/^ L-L

l l

! l

'/-'--\ .,1:' :

,-

\lb- 3)'.2-\
) I

.L\-L\3 /

\ i,L ) L-r.-.'

^lz-\ . ,t '-,
.- \./ /-\ ^
Lb'" "

: ' L - l ^

. ' 35 - a e ,
^
I
. . > t i i >'1- | f

?u"2 6
2 I v '

' a U -- qi l .2-\

-5br-''-

b-o

_ , i L\-ta
- r lLf. +b , / !t- \b
a 1 1 o t .\I L r - L * J t

5 - A "z ' \
t \
L ,) -

tl-+e
T,L

) 2 - J r J "

? 7L

6 3,5-3
a.>'-)
\ / ' L

| CI

( <
J,/

- ^ ^ Q ) u - v t .
i h

trL-"7
tt,- cb
.4 </

' 7 --)*: ^ t '. _>

. t ' \

(_

L,//

' L L - \i
, -

t qt , x v

? }

*-'
J z

't tt

I7-xb
' ' -'-g':,'1
-' l /f

n l

1 ':)- ) A v '
i i

o / '

^ t ;

(,-r-l) L ) v

.A;-- - ,,/ -

'l
L

cl tji't{

L: -LY

5-re /' S_ta) ( )

u '/
L Q .-) l\

- < o +')A.
- )

L I- ) fn L/q q -/- Q u-/

) I L ; *L'|

) - r - ) l
/ l

)-\)

l \

a - l

( l\''

r'l

-.)
r'

or;r) f(;i,t,'lt,

I-

LI

-CI,-e)-Ui

i )*.c. \o= Li+o-c {c^3/5);,()l i,-s*l:1

t .i; . .--_-. .:.._ F --?\ .l-' t:; --l1

/'a:j,
L.-

'

t.: i'j

t:

l9

L
; ') i.

LL4
L W

Lsb
t r - t .n .JI
.,' r. -, t

! ti'. I
I

i,i',i.4 ' -lj,

I'.

I
| I

t 1 1

iq'8
I
-

l j , -

li

.:1-)

t o I U X
I

> o v l

a
| 1 . .

tt 5-

r B?' l,i=
l'i
1,.,^ a (E l.b r ti :jr f-_:l I

: r.:

Ft1
l::

lil>.8

7u
V

<)!
V

_LO
-

cl ' .- s

s+

' i ?

< (-,'

32
r c -

-\

J--i

-?i
;;

I l'l I 3-63 l':zt+

alri:

I
t

1 t -

(--l

r r l 1 Y v r n ( -

L+a zzz - I | .:{,

' t

l'1
i:ii
'''!

\J*--',

.--B[

|,
a L -

,"4
- ; . r ^ L / /

-\3
-\1- 5

__61I
'

Ltg

\\ -+t

i /.1

I \37-

I ;L>
iJ

ii

i t .

lI
I

r t..

'

I
I

*6

-3{,
*\g

L ,*u |t;r -' i'

1 I
.c-b

\:/

*3

z Ll

|rii

| ::
u::i .::,i' ,:;5:
'i:ri,l ;irlr
: ti1

,'6-g I ,i:i.-:

.a

C/\ - ,t L-\ J

,/

/\

, LnJ

\)

( \ (x .= z x ^ \ ^
j

3c^(*-7-L)
_

I l

*--') r

..-. ' ' . ,:'. :

1 f 1-;.:) I i.a /l-t. (1 lf tt

2 L i , t / -fd4rv1 860^^ 7; L*t_y

o _L>

,2'

/- ./' / ,r' (.y'o ^ ?o

2^'K:\^VtC?*'-'t-1)
/7
U

-\-.2

--] 1,t C- --'

'*

^l | | L-

4.

+ l

I
-fr/1

L)

, - r r \, L .-, * h o r./ L.a

/'

'-0"
o

l)o
-L-/
q (

)?

:'

i
-\-.2 "--><\ -. 1 C'-

: , \- \ , ) J

i l (
r. ,-;--l L S 7

t; I , ,R r - BS

I
I

i1^

- - - - - / ) 3 o . ;
. , r Z\-$o,-(2c ^ -_(_^___;__ o _L)

C >o t | c o
t,

i- r -

, |

'-)

( J l

y /

z'K.,-\^3'CQ*:::)
<(i;

,'r
(c

t'

1-4.6o'6o- 2^
l (r Locse
I r

(tc'
---------z

1 I
I
,,
I

n1 --/ +-

tu

'-1

{v:=

t'>

.*1

1 . l -1-2- r -

r/\

n,-Qt/A,U y ' - , 9 " - . I

'

-L I

[) *+ i^.1 I lc^

l,ltti\

czlina. ( )
v

tb /
8= lz
-'
'i

a . :

' r y . , , 4
" j

.r:..
;j.!'

.:.1..

.;'.
-i+

C=/'z Y--4
fq l.*. sp t(*

I'r.:..,!.

'ai:-

::\ :'::*
j

1
l