Contents

ChapterⅠ GPS System And DGPS Techniques ......................................................................1

§1.1 GPS System...............................................................................................................1
§1.2 Differential GPS (DGPS) Techniques .......................................................................4
ChapterⅡ Application of Polaris 9600 Receiver.....................................................................6
§2.1 Collect data in the field ..........................................................................................6
§2.1.1 Position instrument......................................................................................6
§2.1.2 Collect raw data...........................................................................................7
§2.2 Download raw data ..............................................................................................13
§2.3 Process vectors and adjust the net ........................................................................15
Chapter Ⅲ Track Survey Mode ............................................................................................21
§3.1 Application of Track Mode ..................................................................................21
§3.1.1 Raw data collect ........................................................................................21
§3.1.2 Post-processing data of tracking mode......................................................23
Chapter Ⅳ Application of S82..............................................................................................25
§4.1 RTK Survey Mode .............................................................................................26
§4.1.1 Connect all components of S82.................................................................26
§4.1.2 Create new job...........................................................................................27
§ 4.1.3 Calculate conversion parameter ...............................................................30
§4.1.4 Survey .......................................................................................................33
§4.2 Static Survey Mode ..............................................................................................43
ChapterⅤ Matters Need To Attention....................................................................................44
§5.1 Connect all components of RTK ..........................................................................44
§5.2 Explanation about the indicator light ...................................................................44
§5.3 Connect handhold computer to Base or Rover.....................................................45
§5.4 Connection with USB ..........................................................................................46
§5.5 Firmware Update..................................................................................................48
§5.6 Set the radio frequency of the S82 .......................................................................50
§5.7 Convert to rinex format ........................................................................................50
§5.8 Re-process data ....................................................................................................52
§5.9 Correction.............................................................................................................54
§5.9.1 Correction (Base on known point) ............................................................54
§5.9.2 Correction (Base on unknown point) ........................................................56
§5.10 About Rover’ beep alarm ...................................................................................57
 Simple Operation Manual

ChapterⅠ GPS System And DGPS Techniques

§1.1 GPS System

GPS is funded by and controlled by the U. S. Department of Defense (DOD). While there are
many thousands of civil users of GPS world-wide, the system was designed for and is operated by
the U. S. military.
GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed in a GPS receiver,
enabling the receiver to compute position, velocity and time. Four GPS satellite signals are used to
compute positions in three dimensions and the time offset in the receiver clock..

Figure 1-1 Position and Time from Four GPS Satellite Signals
Note: Measurements of codes-phase arrival time from at least four satellites are used four
quantities: position in three dimensions (X, Y, Z) and GPS time (T).
1. Space Segment
The Space Segment of the system consists of the GPS satellites. These space vehicles (SVs)
send radio signals from space.
The nominal GPS Operational Constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12
hours. There are often more than 24 operational satellites as new ones are launched to replace
older satellites. The satellite orbits repeat almost the same ground track (as the earth turns beneath
them) once each day. The orbit altitude is such that the satellites repeat the same track and
configuration over any point approximately each 24 hours (4 minutes earlier each day). There are
six orbital planes (with nominally four SVs in each), equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and
inclined at about fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial plane. This constellation provides
the user with between five and eight SVs visible from any point on the earth.

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 Figure 1-2 GPS Constellation
2. Control Segment
The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations located around the world.

Figure 1-3 GPS Master Control and Monitor Network

The Master Control facility is located at Schriever Air Force Base (formerly Falcon AFB) in
Colorado. These monitor stations measure signals from the SVs which are incorporated into
orbital models for each satellites. The models compute precise orbital data (ephemeris) and SV
clock corrections for each satellite. The Master Control station uploads ephemeris and clock data
to the SVs. The SVs then send subsets of the orbital ephemeris data to GPS receivers over radio
signals.

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 Figure 1-4 GPS Control Monitor
3. User Segment
The GPS User Segment consists of the GPS receivers and the user community. GPS receivers
convert SV signals into position, velocity, and time estimates. Four satellites are required to
compute the four dimensions of X, Y, Z (position) and Time. GPS receivers are used for
navigation, positioning, time dissemination, and other research.
a. Navigation in three dimensions is the primary function of GPS. Navigation receivers are
made for aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, and for hand carrying by individuals.

Figure 1-5 GPS Navigation

b. Precise positioning is possible using GPS receivers at reference locations providing
corrections and relative positioning data for remote receivers. Surveying, geodetic control, and
plate tectonic studies are examples.
c. Time and frequency dissemination, based on the precise clocks on board the SVs and
controlled by the monitor stations, is another use for GPS. Astronomical observatories,
telecommunications facilities, and laboratory standards can be set to precise time signals or
controlled to accurate frequencies by special purpose GPS receivers.
d. Research projects have used GPS signals to measure atmospheric parameters.

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§1.2 Differential GPS (DGPS) Techniques

The idea behind all-differential positioning is to correct bias errors at one location with
measured bias errors at a known position. A reference receiver, or base station, computes
corrections for each satellite signal.
Because individual pseudo-ranges must be corrected prior to the formation of a navigation
solution, DGPS implementations require software in the reference receiver that can track all SVs
in view and form individual pseudo-range corrections for each SV. These corrections are passed to
the remote, or rover, receiver that must be capable of applying these individual pseudo-range
corrections to each SV used in the navigation solution. Applying a simple position correction from
the reference receiver to the remote receiver has limited effect at useful ranges because both
receivers would have to be using the same set of SVs in their navigation solutions and have
identical GDOP terms (not possible at different locations) to be identically affected by bias errors.
1. Differential Code GPS (Navigation)
Differential corrections may be used in real-time or later, with post-processing techniques.
Real-time corrections can be transmitted by radio link. The U. S. Coast Guard maintains a
network of differential monitors and transmits DGPS corrections over radiobeacons covering
much of the U. S. coastline. DGPS corrections are often transmitted in a standard format specified
by the Radio Technical Commission Marine (RTCM).
Corrections can be recorded for post processing. Many public and private agencies record
DGPS corrections for distribution by electronic means.
Private DGPS services use leased FM sub-carrier broadcasts, satellite links, or private
radio-beacons for real-time applications.
To remove Selective Availability (and other bias errors), differential corrections should be
computed at the reference station and applied at the remote receiver at an update rate that is less
than the correlation time of SA. Suggested DGPS update rates are usually less than twenty
seconds.
DGPS removes common-mode errors, those errors common to both the reference and remote
receivers (not multipath or receiver noise). Errors are more often common when receivers are
close together (less than 100 km). Differential position accuracies of 1-10 meters are possible with
DGPS based on C/A code SPS signals.

Figure1-6 Differential Code-Phase Navigation

2. Differential Carrier GPS (Survey)

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 All carrier-phase tracking is differential, requiring both a reference and remote receiver
tracking carrier phases at the same time.
In order to correctly estimate the number of carrier wavelengths at the reference and remote
receivers, they must be close enough to insure that the ionospheric delay difference is less than a
carrier wavelength. This usually means that carrier-phase GPS measurements must be taken with a
remote and reference station within about 30 kilometers of each other.
Special software is required to process carrier-phase differential measurements. Newer
techniques such as Real-Time-Kinematic (RTK) processing allow for centimeter relative
positioning with a moving remote receiver.

Figure1-7 Differential Carrier-Phase Positioning

3. Common Mode Time Transfer
When time information is transferred from one site to another, differential techniques can
result in time transfers of around 10 ns over baselines as long as 2000 km.

Figure1-8 Common-Mode Time Transfer

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 ChapterⅡ Application of Polaris 9600 Receiver

§2.1 Collect data in the field

§2.1.1 Position instrument

(1) Tripod is accurately centered and leveled over the point. Make sure the environment
which the GPS Receiver is in accords with some specified condition: the sky is open, far from the
tower of electromagnetic wave transmitter and High tension cable, apart from the trees and
building, avoiding using interphone or mobile phone.
(2) Position the GPS Receiver on the tripod.
(3) Measure and record instrument height (HI) of GPS antenna.

Figure2-1 Measure Ant Height

We need to know the length from the surveying point to the central point of the Polaris’
antenna(see figure2-1 ) .Actually we measure the oblique height (from the point to surveyed to the
brim of the rubber ring ). The processing software will compute the antenna height (from the
surveying point to the antenna phase center).
Use the following formula to compute the antenna height(H)

H = h 2 − R02 + h0

the oblique height (from the point to surveyed to the brim of the rubber ring )

R0 ——antenna radius;

h0 ——from the center of the rubber ring to the phase center.

Note: the value to input is h(the oblique height)

(4) Begin to collect

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 After powering on the Polaris 9600 receiver, we can collect raw data by two mode: automatic
mode and manual mode .When current status of satellite is allowable, it will collect data. We
should input some critical information: point name, antenna height, session number manually.
Also, these information can be inputted when you transfer raw data from the receiver to your
computer in your office.
Attention:
When you are using Polaris 9600 or prepare to use it, please notice the following attentions:
(1) You must follow the manual and operate strictly to get eligible result. For example, you
should keep the receiver away from trees, buildings, apart from the Telecommunication firing
tower at least 300m, away from High tension cable at least 50m, try to avoid using interphone or
cell phone.
(2) You should avoid using the receiver long time with low voltage (the indicator light blink
in red), because it probably effect the quality of the raw data.
(3) The receiver should be placed on dry and safe place, avoid collision.
(4) When you don’t use the receiver for 3 months or longer, the data conserved in the receiver
possibly lost. So you’d better download the raw data from the receiver timely when you finish data
collecting.

§2.1.2 Collect raw data

There are three modes for you to collect raw data. We usually recommend you to MAN
mode.

§2.1.2.1 AUTO mode

In this mode, the receiver will collect raw data automatically when current condition accords
with the requirement , which is PDOP less than 6 and in 3D status.
Power on the receiver:

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-2 Initial Interface
Press F1 to enter AUTO mode, see Figure 2-2.
Note : In this interface, you can also do nothing but wait , without pressing any key, after 10

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seconds, it will enter AUTO mode automatically. means it is counting down.

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-3 Main Interface

In AUTO mode, software will estimate the current status and the PDOP value automatically.
You need to do nothing but wait. When current status meets the requirement, it will begin to
record raw data.

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-4 Record Data

denotes it is recording data now. denotes it has recorded data for

13 minutes and 23 seconds. denotes current local time.

Select INFO, you can browse current status and satellite sky plot.
In AUTO mode, the default file name is ****, the antenna height is 0, the session number is 0,
you can input actual value when you download the data. Certainly, you can input file name,
antenna height, and session number here, press F3[Name] to input this items, Figure 2-4.

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 F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-5 Current Status

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-6 Input Information

Note:
The difference between AUTO mode and MAN mode: in AUTO mode, when the receiver has
been recording data, you can input point name, session(time segment) and antenna height. In
MAN mode, you must input these items firstly, then the receiver will begin to record data or it will
not record data.
If you have completed data recording, press PWR[END] to end it or press F1+F4 to end it
and power off.
Press F1+F4 at the same time at any interface, you will quit the program quickly and power
off without losing the data.

§2.1.2.2 MAN mode

In this mode, the receiver will collect raw data as your setting.

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 F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-7 Initial Interface
Power on, then select MAN mode:

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-8 Main Interface
Select F2[SET], set the value of interval and mask angle( track times is used in Track
mode),see Figure 2-9:

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-9 Setting Interface

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 Then Select F3[MEAS] in Figure 2-8 Main Interface:

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-10 Status Interface
When condition accords with the requirement (PDOP less than 6 and in 3D status), press
F3[REC] to enter data collecting interface, see Figure 2-11.

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-11 Name Point
When you Input point name, time segment (session), and ant height, it will begin to record
raw data.

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 F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 2-12 Recording Interface
If you have completed data recording, press PWR[END] to end it or press F1+F4 to end it
and power off.

§2.1.2.3 LED mode

Turn on the receiver, press F3 to enter LED mode.

The operation in this mode is very simple. When you enter this mode, the LCD screen will be
shut off and it will enter AUTO mode. You can press any key(can’t to be PWR) to activate display
screen and enter AUTO mode.

Figure 2-13 9600 Indicator Light

This mode is used in the very cold area because LCD screen can’t display well when the
temperature is very low. In this condition, we can judge current status by indicator light.
From left to right: indicator light for power, status and satellite.
Indicator light for power: the light is green when A battery is been using and red when B
battery is been using.
Indicator light for status: the light will be green when it is recording data or it will quench.
Indicator light for satellite: for example, if the light blinks green 6 times and blinks red one
time, it means receiver has fixed 6 satellites.

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§2.2 Download raw data

(1) Prepare to connect the receiver to computer. Connect the receiver to serial port (COM1
or COM2) of computer with communication cable. Make sure power supply is sufficient, then
power on.
(2) Wait about 10 seconds (it will take about 10 seconds for the receiver to inter the main
interface. Note data transfer must be in main interface of receiver), then connect.
(3) Open data transfer software (Figure 2-14) .Set target path to save the raw data in data
transfer software. For example, we create directory 2222222(C:\Program Files\Common

Files\2222222\).We select directory “Common Files”, then click , input directory name.

Figure 2-14 Download Tool

Figure 2-15 Download Main Interface

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 (4) Communication parameter setting
Click menu “communication”, select communication port, then select COM1 or COM2.

Figure 2-16 Communication Port

Figure 2-17 Communication Port

(5) Connect the receiver to computer.

Click “communication” → “start connect (or click toolbar ), If communication

parameter is correct , the raw data saved in the receiver will display on the lower-right dialog box.
Otherwise, please re-check communication parameter, re-do step 1.

Figure 2-18 Start Connect

(6) Data transfer

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 Select raw data file on the lower-right dialog box, then click toolbar , it will come out
the following dialog box:

Figure 2-19 Data Transfer

Select raw data file, click “start”, the selected file will be transferred. We can see current
status on the lower of the dialog. (If you want to change the point name, antenna height, session,
etc, you can select the file, then click modify.)

Figure 2-20 Data Transfer Progress

(7) Break connect

When data is downloaded, Click to break the connection between the receiver and
computer.

§2.3 Process vectors and adjust the net

We show you an example:

(1) Create new project.

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 Figure 2-21 Create new project
Fill out some information about the project.
Select your local coordinate system from list. If you don’t find the system you needed, please
select “setup” to create your local coordinate system.

Figure 2-22 Coordinate System

Click “new” to create coordinate system, input parameter. Remember to select the coordinate
system you create after click “return”.
(2) Add raw data
Click “Input” → “Add GPS Observation Data”(or click toolbar )

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 Figure 2-23 Add Raw Data
Select the data file you need, click “ok”, then you will see the Progress：

Figure2-24 Data Is Adding

When all raw data is added, the control net shape is shown as the following figure:

Figure 2-25 The Net Shape

(3) Process vectors
Click “Process” → “Process All”(or click ),it will display the whole process of
processing:

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 Figure 2-26 Process The Vectors
It will take you a few minutes to process all vectors, the time spend depends on the size of all
raw files and the length of vectors. After accomplishing process a vector, the vector’s color will
turn red or gray from green. When a vector’s variance of dual-differential fixed solution is more
than 3, the vector will turn red (it means the result of processed vector is eligible). Otherwise,
when a vector’s variance is less than 3, the vector will turn gray(it means the result of processed
vectors is unqualified. In this condition, we need to re-process the vector by change process
parameter. For example, as you double click vector Q009-Q007, it come out the dialog of process
parameter setting:

Figure 2-27 Vector’s Information

By changing some process parameter, we can re-process the selected vector.
Changeable parameter referred above includes Mask Angle and Epoch Interval. If we change
the value of Mask Angle to 20 degree, the vector’s variance increases from 20.4 to 24.5. In
succession we change the value of Epoch Interval to 50 degree, the vector’s variance increases
from 24.5 to 33.7 as the following figure. As to variance, the bigger the value is, the better the
result is ( if the vector’s variance is more than 3, there is no need to change parameter). The
maximum variance’s value is 100.

Figure 2-28 Variance to be 24.5

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 Figure 2-29 Variance to be 33.7
(4) Net Adjust
Input known point .

Click “Input”→ “Station Coordinate” (or click toolbar ), it will show a dialog box as
Figure 2-30:

Figure 2-30 Input Known Point Coordinate

In this network, we suppose Q007 and Q041 are known points. Select “Q007” and “Q041”,
then input their coordinates in above dialog box.
2) Adjust the network.
Click “Adjust” → “Network Adjustment (or click toolbar ), the software will adjust the
net(including WGS-84 adjustment,2D restricted adjustment and altitude fitting)

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 Figure 2-31 Net Adjust Result
The detailed net adjustment result include: loop closure report,WGS-84 (3D)adjustment
result, 2D adjustment result, altitude fitting result.
(5) Adjustment result output and print.

Figure 2-32 Vectors Report

Click “Report” → “Result Report Output (*.txt)”, you will get detailed result report (the
format is txt). Certainly you can choose some item you needed to output from the following figure
list, such as vector solution list, resolve vector, loop closure, WGS adjustment result, 2D restricted
adjustment result, altitude fitting, etc.

Figure 2-33 Select Save Path

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 Figure 2-34 Select Items to Output
Also you can output the final result coordinates of all surveyed points and a map file of DXF
format. Click “Result”→ “Report of Adjustment”:

Figure 2-35 Output File In Dxf Format

Chapter Ⅲ Track Survey Mode

In this mode, it needs two or more receivers, one as base, the other(others) as rover. The
base station tracks all the visible satellites continuously and the rover moves among the points
need to survey.
It adopts post-processing differential method. In this mode don’t need real-time transmitting
data, it won’t be affected by the transfer of electromagnetic wave and the work range extends to
100km.The characters such as high accuracy, long operation range and good reliability and so on,
can satisfy different requirements of engineering which don’t request real-time processing. This
mode is mainly used in some special occasion such as boundary confirming survey, area survey
etc.
Work range: <= 100km
Accuracy: mean square error < 1m

§3.1 Application of Track Mode

§3.1.1 Raw data collect

For Base, the method of data collecting is the same as control survey mode.
For Rover:
Step1: You should choose “track” mode on the initial interface (as Figure 3-1 ).

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 F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 3-1 Initial Interface
Step2: Set collecting condition
If you set collecting interval to be 5 sec and set the times of collection to be 3 times, it will
take you 15 seconds to survey a points(interval 3 sec and times 2, the time will be 6 seconds for
every point, for example).

F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 3-2 Collect Setting
When the condition is satisfied, mainframe will enter collecting status automatically. The
interface is shown as figure.

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 F1 F2 F3 F4 PWR
Figure 3-3 Collecting Status
Note that the collection condition is satisfied means: NAV MODE is 3D, PDOP is less than
6.0 and locked satellites are more than 4.
Step3: Rover initialization
Fix the rover on a point. Press F1[INIT] to initialize(as Figure 3-3). The time needed in
initializing course is 5 minutes, so it’s critical to remain the rover immobile during initializing
course. You’d better have a set of prism tripod to fasten the receiver. In the course, the
corresponding screen menu will change into [survey]. When initialization is completed, the long
beep will tip you.
Step4: Survey
After initialization, press F1[survey], mainframe will enter surveying status. When you
reach the point which you want to survey, press F2[SAMP] to save(the time needed depend on
your setting ), after hearing the beep, move to next target to collect. After complete data collecting,
press F1[INIT] to initialize again (to get higher accuracy we suggest you initialize the receiver
every hour ). At last, press key[ POWR]and hold for a moment to exit the collecting program and
all data will be stored automatically.
Step5: Download raw data
The method of downloading is the same as control survey mode. Please refer to §2.2
Download raw data.

§3.1.2 Post-processing data of tracking mode

Step1: Create new project (the same as control survey mode)

Figure 3-4 Create New Project

Step2: Add raw data (the same as control survey mode)

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 Figure 3-5 Add Raw Data
Step3: input known point (the same as control survey mode)

Figure 3-6 Input Known Point

Step4: Post-processing raw data
Click “Track”→ “Tracking”(or click ), it will begin to process data and display the
current process.

Figure 3-7 Process Raw Data

After processing, it will display the shape of tracking.

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 Figure 3-8 Shape of Track
Step5: Output result
Click “Report”→ “Track Report”, it will output the result.

Figure 3-9 Output Track Report

Chapter Ⅳ Application of S82

Brief introduction about Star S82

S82 is the latest integrative RTK, which integrate antenna, mainboard, radio, Bluetooth
module, battery module. For Rover system, all needed is a handhold computer, for Base system,
It can work with external radio, emitting antenna, and external power.

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1. Building Block System Structure(BBSS)
The transmitter-receiver of S82 nests the bottom of the mainframe by building block system,
which can avoid interference problems caused by putting the internal transmitter-receiver board
close to the mainboard.
2.AutoRover
The Rover can search differential signal of the Base and change channel automatically as it is
powered on.
3、One Key On
There is only one key button on the mainframe. It is very easy to power on, shut down,
initialize receiver and switch between RTK mode and STATIC mode. The operation is greatly
simplified and personalized
4、Automatic switch between two batteries
The two batteries can switch automatically, thus prolongs working time effectively.
5、Double ports(USB、COM), rapid data transfers, Big Memory (32M)
Besides the COM port, Star S82 provide USB mode to transmit raw data. 32M memory can
satisfy continuous static data collection for over 40 hours at 5 seconds intervals. The storage time
could be longer, if the interval becomes longer.

§4.1 RTK Survey Mode

§4.1.1 Connect all components of S82

For base:
1) Tripod is accurately centered and leveled over the point(the point could be known point or
unknown point).
2) Position the Base mainframe on the tripod.
3) Connect the radio (transmitter-receiver) to Base mainframe with all-purpose cable (the
cable has two functions: provide power and transfer data).
4) Connect emitting-antenna to the radio (transmitter-receiver).
5) Power on Base mainframe and radio (15w or 25w, adjustable).
The base will begin to transmit differential signal after a few minutes (the time needed mainly
depend on the status of the satellite).
Note:
The panel:

Figure 4-1 Panel

You can find four indicator lights and a key-press on the panel. From left to right:

indicates current status ,the light remains light in RTK mode and blinks in static

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mode(for example, the light blinks every five seconds if you set the interval to be 5 seconds).

indicates status of data link, the light will blink twice quickly every five seconds in RTK
Base mode. For the rover, the light blinks every second. In Static mode, the light will light all long
time for Base and Rover.

indicates status of satellite and the connection of Bluetooth, the light has two color, the
left one indicates the satellite’s status, it will blink every 30 seconds (for example, if the light
blinks six times it represent the receiver fixed six satellites).The right one will light all long time if
the handhold computer is connected to rover with Bluetooth.

indicates status of the power. When power supply is enough, the light remains light all
long time, otherwise, it will blink (clue to replace battery). When power is lithium battery, the left
light will light (red), when power is external power, the right light will light(green).

has two function: power on/off and switch survey mode(for example, remains pressing
the key , when you hear beep 3 times then you loosen the key quickly, it will power off the
receiver; when you hear beep 4 times then loosen the key , the receiver will be power off, continue
to power on, it will be switch to RTK mode; when you hear beep 5 times then loosen the key , the
receiver will be power off, continue to power on, it will be switch to Static mode ; when you hear
beep 6 times then loose the key , the receiver will be power off, continue to power on, it will
initialize the receiver.

For rover:
The manipulation is simple compared to the base. Attach the radio antenna to rover and power
on, the rover receiver will begin to receive differential signal, and get into fixed status in a few
minutes.
The panel is the same as base.

§4.1.2 Create new job

Click “Job”—“New Job”.

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 Figure 4-2 Create a Job
Type in or select the coordinate system and projection information step by step as following:
job name, ellipsoid system selection, projection parameter, conversion parameter.
If it is a new job (it is the first time for you to use the job or you don’t know the information
of conversion parameter), you needn’t input the value of Four Parameter, Seven Parameter and
Altitude Fitting Parameter. When you calculate conversion parameter later, the blank will be input
automatically. Confirm the options to finish the job creation. (this kind of job creation is called
“Wizard”).

Figure 4-3 Name a Job

Figure 4-4 Setting Ellipsoid Parameter.

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 Figure 4-5 Projection Set

Figure 4-6 Four-parameter Set

Figure 4-7 Seven-parameter Set

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 Figure 4-8 Altitude fitting Parameter Set
Note: Create a new job before survey, the job file will be saved in the path: “\System CF
\Jobs\”. There are two new files, which named “data” and “result” in the Jobs content. The “data”
folder saves the result of surveying, and the “result” folder saves the files of stake-out setting
(stake-out straight line files and stake-out curved line files etc).
If you choose “Copy” ,please input a job name and click “OK” , then select the existed file in
the directory management screen, thus all parameter of the new job are the same with that of the
selected one.

§ 4.1.3 Calculate conversion parameter

The control point library is used to calculate the conversion parameter. We use two known
points’ coordinates (Point A and Point B) to calculate the conversion parameter, firstly we must
note down the original coordinates of these two points, which are obtained by the rover in the
fixed status without any conversion parameter.
Input the known coordinate of Point A in the control point library, and then enter the original
coordinate of Point A according to the prompt. The conversion parameter will be calculated (*.cot)
after entering the known coordinate and original coordinate of Point B.
Click “Set”→ “Coordinate Lib” to open the Control Point Library (see Figure 3-9)

Figure 4-9 Control Point Library

Note: “Add”, “Delete” and “Edit” buttons are the relevant operation to the known coordinates
and original coordinates of known points. The button “on/off” is the option of plane calculation or

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altitude calculation. “Open” button is to open an exist conversion file. “Save” button is to save a
file of conversion parameter（*.cot）.
Click “Add” to input known coordinate and original coordinates of known points(see Figure

4-10). You can input coordinate directly or click to select the coordinates from Coordinate
Lib(see Figure 4-11).

Figure 4-10 Input the coordinate of Known Points

The software will guide you to continue step by step.

Figure 4-11 Coordinates Library

In the above dialog box, you can click “Add” to add known point coordinate or click
“Import” to open the file which the known point’s coordinate is in.
After inputting the known coordinate of a point , the software will guide you to input its original
coordinate, we choose “Add from Cor. Library”(see Figure 4-12).

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 Figure 4-12 Add Point (originality)
Note: in the above figure there are four methods to input the original coordinates (see Figure
4-12): First, add the coordinates from coordinate library (see Figure 4-13), Second, Read the
coordinates of the current position (to save an original coordinates when the rover keep centered
and leveled), Third, Read the coordinates of base station (to read the original coordinate when the
base station is on the known point), Fourth, Input the geodetic coordinates. We recommend the
first method.

Figure 4-13 Add the Original Coordinates of Point

Now we get back to Coordinate Lib again, you need to click “Import” to open the file(*.rtk)

which the known point’s original coordinate is in. The icon “ ” represent original coordinate.

Note: In general, plane conversion needs two points at least, and the altitude fitting needs
three points at least. If a Benchmark has no plane coordinates, you need to get this point’s
coordinate first and change the altitude surveyed to the known altitude. Before saving the file,
you’d better check whether the plane accuracy and altitude accuracy meet the requirement.

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 Figure 4-14 Original Coordinates of Control Point

Figure 4-15 Save the conversion parameter file.

§4.1.4 Survey

§4.1.4.1 Save Point

Select “Survey”→ “Object Survey” begin to measure when the status is FIXED (see Figure

5-5) or press button “A”(or click icon )to save current coordinate. The default point name is
“point” (alterable), input the antenna height, see Figure 3-17.
The position symbol is displayed in two ways, when the antenna is still or moving within
2cm, it will display as roundness, when the antenna is moving, it will display as a triangle and
the direction of the acute angle is the moving direction.

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 Figure 4-16 Fixed State

Figure 4-17 Point Save

Note: The point name will add up automatically when saving, you can also change the point
name. Ant Height on the above figure is the height of the antenna phase center. After the point is
stored and open the library, you can see the height of the point which is that of the surveying point.

Click , you can see four save type. In most condition, we choose General Save.

Click , you can browse point information, satellite distributing, satellite list, base

information and other information with this function.

Click , you can browse all parameter about you job.

Click (or press button “B”), you can browse all surveyed point.

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 Figure 4-18 Browse Surveyed Point

Note: represent the solution is fixed, represent the solution is float, represent

the solution is single.

§4.1.4.2 Stakeout Point

Click “Survey”—“Stakeout Point” to enter stakeout screen (see Figure 3-20),

Figure 4-19 Survey Menu

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 Figure 4-20 Stakeout Point Screen

Click the button to open the stakeout coordinate library (see Figure 4-20).

Figure 4-21 Select the Coordinates of The Point To Be Staked Out

Click to open the stakeout file (see Figure 4-21). The file type is *.dat (format: point
name, x，y, h).

Figure 4-22 Open Coordinates File

Open the existing file *.dat (see Figure 4-22)

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 Figure 4-23 File Open Mode

Figure 4-24 the Prompt To Add Points

You can choose to overwrite or to add. If you choose overwrite, the original stakeout point
will be replaced. If you choose add, the new point to be stakeout will append to the Layout
coordinate Lib. The latter is the recommended mode. See Figure 3-25, three points which belong
to the file 928.dat added to the layout point library after selecting Add.

Figure 4-25 Layout Coordinate Library

Select the point you want to staked out, then click “OK” or you can also click to
input the coordinates to Layout coordinate Lib directly (see Figure 4-25).

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 Figure 4-26 stakeout Points interface

You can see the distance between the current point （ ）and the target point （ ）is
0.004m (see Figure 3-26), the dx 0.002m, the dy 0.003m, you need to move towards the south and
the west.

Click , you can set the range of sound prompt.

Figure 4-27 Sound Prompt Setting

Figure 4-28 Stakeout Point

In the figure 3-28, the three circles around the target point indicate the distance between the

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current position and the target point. When the distance is within the set value, there will be a
alarm signal (you will hear a sound prompt when you are in or out of the range).

Figure 4-29 Save the Coordinates of Current Points

You can synchronously store point when you’re staking out points. Click or press
button “A” to store the current point(see Figure 4-29). Press button “8”to stake out the previous
point (see Figure 4-30), and button “2”to stake out the next point (see Figure 4-31), button “9”is to
look for points (see Figure 4-32).

Figure 4-30 Stake out the Previous Point

Figure 4-31 Stake out the Next Point

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 Figure 4-32 Look for the Point to Be Stakeout

§4.1.4.3 Stakeout Line

Click “Survey” → “Stakeout Line” to stake out lines（see Figure 4-33）

，click button to
open the coordinates library of layout line (see Figure 4-34).

Figure 4-33 Screen of Stakeout Line

Figure 4-34 Coordinates Library of Layout Line

If there exist line file, you can click “Open” to open the line file (the file’s suffixal name is

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*.lnb), then select line to stake out.
If there does not exist line file in the coordinate library, you need to click “Add” to input the
coordinates of the start point and the end point to create a new stakeout line.

Figure 4-35 Edit Stakeout Line

Figure 4-36 Screen of Stakeout Line

If the mileage information is required, enter the mileage of start point in the screen of figure
3-35, thus you can view the current mileage Information (The mileage hereby means the mileage
of the intersection point of the vertical line start from current point to the straight line). Excursion:
(R) 1.341 means when you walk along the line from the start point to the end point, the current
point is on the right of the line, so you need to move left towards the line.

In Figure 4-35, you can click to select the point as start point or end point.

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 Figure 4-37 Stakeout Line

Click , you can set the range of sound prompt.

Figure 4-38 Stakeout Line Setting

Figure 4-39 Interface of Stakeout Line

Figure 4-38 which shows the minimum range to alarm is 1m, compared with the maximum
range is 3m. In the Figure 4-39, you can see three lines parallel to the stakeout line, the distance
between the nearest line and the layout line is 1m, compared with the distance between the furthest
and the stakeout line is 3m.

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§4.2 Static Survey Mode

Step of Manipulation:
1) Tripod is accurately centered and leveled over the point (the point could be known point or
unknown point).
2) Position the receiver (base or rover) on the tripod.

3) Press , switch the receiver to Static mode (Remains pressing the key, when you
hear beep 5 times then loosen the key, the receiver will be power off, continue to power on, it will
be switch to Static mode).
4) Download raw data from receiver to your computer (the method is the same Polaris 9600).
The default collecting interval is 5 seconds, mask angle is 10 degree, if you want to change
the collecting interval, you must use handhold computer to change it.
For the Base:
You must connect handhold computer to the Base by cable.
Steps: Click “Set” → “Receiver Set”, select “Static mode” (see Figure 4-40):

Figure 4-40 Static State

Figure 4-41 Static Collection Setting

You can set the static collection parameter such as Collection Interval and Mask Angle (see
Figure 4-41). The unit for collection interval is “second”, mask angle is “degree”. Click OK, the

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 engineering star program will exit. Check the indicator light on the mainframe, you will find the
DL indicator light lights and STA indicator light blink as your setting (for example, the light
blinks every 3 seconds if you set the interval to be 3 seconds).
For the Rover:
You can connect handhold computer to the Rover by Bluetooth or cable. The step is the same
as Base.

ChapterⅤ Matters Need To Attention

§5.1 Connect all components of RTK

For base:
1) Tripod is accurately centered and leveled over the point.(the point could be known point or
unknown point)
2) Position the Base mainframe on the tripod
3) Connect the radio (transmitter-receiver) to Base mainframe with all-purpose cable (the
cable has two functions: provide power and transfer data)
4) Connect emitting-antenna to the radio (transmitter-receiver)
5) Power on Base mainframe and radio (15w or 25w, adjustable)
The base will begin to transmit differential signal after a few minutes (the time needed mainly
depend on the status of the satellite).

Matters needing attention

1) Try to set Base on open area, apart from the trees and buildings, avoiding using interphone
or mobile phone, far from the tower of electromagnetic wave transmitter and High tension cable.
2) Before you power on the Base mainframe and radio, please make sure the transmitting
antenna is attached to the radio. Otherwise, it will probably burn the radio.
3) You must make sure the voltage of external power is more than 12.8v, or it probably don’t
transmit differential signal or it is difficult to get fixed solution.
4) When the Base is transmitting signal, the indicator light on mainframe (the second light,
from left to right) will blink twice quickly every five seconds and the light on the radio(TX light)
will blink one every second.

§5.2 Explanation about the indicator light

The panel:

You can find four indicator lights and a key-press on the panel.

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 Detailed explanation about indicator light
1. POWER indicator light
Base Rover
quench Power off Power off
Light (red) Use lithium battery Use lithium battery
Blink(red) Lack of power Lack of power
2. Data link light
Base Rover
quench No transmit No receive radio signal
Blink twice Being transmitting
quickly every 5 differential signal
seconds
Blink every Being receiving radio signal
second
Light(red) Static mode Static mode
3. Satellite/Bluetooth light
Base Rover
Fix zero satellite or Fix zero satellite or
quench
disconnect with Bluetooth disconnect with Bluetooth
Blink(red) n
The satellite number fixed The satellite number fixed
times every 30
is n is n
seconds
Handhold computer is
Light(green) connected to Rover with
Bluetooth
Being downloading static Being downloading static
Blink(green)
raw data raw data
4. status light
Base Rover
Being collecting raw Being collecting raw
Blink once(red)
data(interval is n data(interval is n
every n seconds
seconds) seconds)
Light(red) RTK mode RTK mode

§5.3 Connect handhold computer to Base or Rover

Usually there is no necessary for you to use handhold computer to set Base in RTK mode,
Base will transmit signal automatically when the PDOP value is less than 3. But if you want to
change the collecting interval in static mode, you must connect the handhold computer to Base

45
with cable.
In RTK mode, you can connect handhold computer to Rover by Bluetooth or cable. We
usually use Bluetooth mode. You need to remember: if you want to use cable mode, you must set
the communicate port to be COM1, if you want to use Bluetooth mode, you must set communicate
port to be COM3 on your handhold computer (Click “set”→ “Connect Receiver”). In static
mode, you can change collecting interval by cable connection or Bluebooth connection.

§5.4 Connection with USB

S82 can be connected to computer not only by COM port but also by USB. We show you
how to use USB mode, the detailed operation is as follows(take Win2000 Operating System as an
example):
Firstly, you have to install South Gps Processor (special software for vector processing) and
then you must install driver manually after mainframe connects with computer.
Installation steps :
Insert USB plug in the USB slot of the computer and another end connect to S82, then power
on mainframe, it will appear a prompt “Finding the new hardware ” on your computer screen.
Such as Figure 5-1:

Figure 5-1 Finding the New Hardware

Then, there will appear an installation guide Such as Figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2 New Hardware Installation Guide

Select “Install from a list or specify a location”, press “NEXT”

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 Figure 5-3 Select Driver File
Such as Figure 5-3, press “Browse”, search catalog which include the driver file, the path is
“C:\Program Files\South Surveying Mapping Instrument\South Gps Processor\9800USB”, such as
Figure 5-4.

Figure 5-4 Select 9800USB

After you enter the 9800USB directory, select driver information file, for example
SOUTHLR80.inf, such as Figure 5-5.

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 Figure 5-5 Select “Southlr80.inf” File
After you select the file, press “OK” in Figure 5-3, it will appear a prompt “Find driver
program” in system, select NEXT:

Figure 5-6 Completing Driver Setup

You can complete installation after press “Finish”. Such as Figure 5-6.
Now, you should run “South Survey Static Data Transfer” if you want to download raw data.

§5.5 Firmware Update

Our company will update inner firmware continuously so user can update firmware by
themselves.
Method:
You should visit our company website: http://www.southsurvey.com and download particular
updating program. During the updating, you must not shut down the mainframe or break off the
power supply. Otherwise it will shatter the apparatus. Please update the firmware according to the
steps strictly.

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Manipulation steps:
Connect mainframe to computer by the cable, then run the software of updating. Refer to
Figure 5-7.

Figure 5-7 Updating Procedure

Click “Update”:

Figure 5-8 Counting Down(15 seconds)

Refer to Figure 5-8, you should power on mainframe in 15 seconds when it is counting down,

( represent it is counting down)

Figure 5-9 the Rate of Updating Progress

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 Figure 5-10 Update is successful
As Figure 5-10, it means updating is finished. Please make sure restart the mainframe before
you use it.
When you power on mainframe out of the time limited(15 seconds)in Figure 5-8, it will prompt
“Time Over”:

Figure 5-11 Time Over Prompt

In this condition, you need to re-do all step according to the guide above.

§5.6 Set the radio frequency of the S82

When there are many Base working in the same area, they probably interfere each other. So
in this case you need to change the frequency of Base and Rover. Setting the frequency required
special software, so if you want to change it please contact with technicians of our company.

§5.7 Convert to rinex format

Click “Report”→ “Rinex Report”, it can convert static raw data to standard Rinex format.
See Figure 5-12.

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 Figure 5-12 Rinex Output

Figure 5-13 Select Save Path

Rinex format file:

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 Figure 5-14 Rinex Format File
South format file:

Figure 4-15 South format file

§5.8 Re-process data

This function is used to re-process raw data (RTK raw data) in batches if there is something

52
wrong about the surveyed coordinates or conversion parameter. You can use Control Point Library
to recalculate the conversion parameter if the conversion parameter is not correct, then you can
re-process raw data.
Steps: Open the menu of Data Process (Figure 5-16), select the conversion parameter file *.cot
(Figure 5-17), then select original data file *.rtk（Figure 5-18），rename and save the file after finishing
the data process. (Figure 5-19).

Figure 5-16 Data Process

Figure 5-17 Select the Conversion Parameter File

Figure 5-18 Select the Original Data File

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 Figure 5-19 Save the Result File After Data Process

§5.9 Correction

§5.9.1 Correction (Base on known point)

Important prompt:
If you have calculated the conversion parameter of an area and when you
power off Base or continue to survey at the same area the next day, there is no
necessity for you to re-calculate the conversion parameter, the conversion
parameter you have calculated hold good, what you need to do is correct. How to
correct please refer the following step.
When Base is set on known point and is transmitting signal, the manipulation followed is
effective:
Step 1:
Make sure the conversion parameter is correct and current status is fixed, then click
“Correction Wizard”:

Figure 5-20 Correction Wizard

Step 2:
Choose Base station on the known point, click “Next”:

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 Figure 5-21 Adjustment Mode Select
Step 3:
Input the known point’s coordinate and the antenna of Base and choose Ant Height type
(Vetical or Slope), then click “Adjust”.

Figure 5-22 Input Base Station Coordinates

Figure 5-23 Adjustment Confirmation

Click “OK”.
Note:
When you click “Adjust”, please make sure the current status if fixed or it will give you a tip

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“No fixed, now adjust?”. In this condition, you mustn’t click “Adjust”.

Figure 5-24 no fixed, can’t adjust

§5.9.2 Correction (Base on unknown point)

When Rover is now on known point (centered and leveled) and the status is fixed, the
manipulation followed is effective:
Step 1:
Make sure the conversion parameter is correct, then click “Correction Wizard”:

Figure 5-25 Correction Wizard

Step 2:
Choose Basestation on the unknown point, click “Next”:

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 Figure 5-26 Adjustment Mode Select
Step 3:
When Rover is on known point(centered and leveled), input the current point’s coordinate
and Ant Height , click “Adjust”.

Figure 5-27 Input Known Point’s Coordinate

§5.10 About Rover’ beep alarm

The Rover can search differential signal of Base automatically as it is powered on. When
there is no differential signal, it will keep searching and buzzer will give off beep alarm every six
seconds. Once Rover has received signal from Base, it will not give off beep alarm and indicator

light ( )will blink every second.

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