98.12.

12

P.1

Hybrid Girder A F y = 4.5 tf/cm2

E = 2040 tf/cm2B F y = 3.5 tf/cm2 E = 2040 tf/cm2

C F y = 2.5 tf/cm2 E = 2040 tf/cm2

()Yield Moment
M y (13 )

( ) Plastic Moment
M p (12 )
:9 !

(1) M y M p
(2) M y AB
C
(3) C Fy = 2.5 tf/cm2 C AB
Fy

My
M y
I
(5)

(4) =

() M y
1.
(1)

( 35 2.5 )

2.5
+ (100 1.5 )( 50 + 2.5 ) + ( 25 3)( 2.5 + 100 + 1.5 )
2

yb =
= 50.51 cm
35 2.5 + 100 1.5 + 25 3
yt = 100 + 3 + 2.5 50.51 = 54.99 cm

(2) I
Ix =

( 25 )( 54.99 )3 ( 25 1.5)( 54.99 3)3 + ( 35)( 50.51)3 ( 35 1.5 )( 50.51 2.5)3

3
2.

= 552607.2604 cm4

C Fy C
= y = E = E y E

54.99
(a) C Fy = 2.5 tf/cm2A ( FA )max =
( 2.5) = 2.644 < Fy A = 4.5
54.99 3
50.51
A B ( FB )max =
( 2.5 ) = 2.43 < Fy B = 3.5 B
54.99 3
C

( )

( )

98

P.2

(a) M y

3. C M y

( Fc )max = 2.5 =

(M )( y )
y

c max

( M ) ( 54.99 3)
y

Ix
552607.2604
M y = 26572.767 tf-cm = 265.728 tf-m

() M p

23024!
xxx/tij.mj/dpn/ux!

1.
(b)

:9023031)*24;11!

F1 = ( 4.5 )( 25 3) = 337.5 tf

F2 = ( 3.5 )( 35 2.5 ) = 306.25 tf

:9

F3 = ( 2.5 ) (1.5 y ) = 3.75 y tf

F4 = ( 2.5 ) (1.5 y ) = 3.75 y = ( 3.75 ) (100 y )

( ) = ( )

F2 + F4 = F1 + F3

306.25 + ( 3.75 ) (100 y ) = 337.5 + 3.75 y

y = 45.833 cm
y = 100 45.833 = 54.167 cm

2. M p
= ( )( )
54.167
45.833
M p = ( F1 )( 45.833 + 1.5 ) + ( F3 )

+ ( F2 )( 54.167 + 1.25 ) + ( F4 )
2
2
= 42386.458 tf-cm = 423.865 tf-m

(b) M p

Q9.5

3 ~~
~ A !

98.12.12

P.3

E = 2.04 106
kgf/cm2 F y = 4200 kgf/cm2
f c = 280 kgf/cm2

() Asb (12 )
() 7 #10 1 #10 8.14
cm2 M n (13 )
:9 !

0.003dt
() xb =
0.003 + y

99

Acb
0.85 f cAcb
Asb =
fy

1/3()13:30
1/4()18:30

() Cc = Ts

M n = Cc ( dt A c ) A c Ac

1/8()18:30

~~!

3
3
() xb = d = ( 45 + 10 ) = 33 cm
5
5
ab = 1 xb = 0.85 33 = 28.05 cm
1
Acb = (15 + 20 + 15 ) ( 28.05 10 ) + 20 10 + (15 + 15 ) 10
2

= 902.5 + 200 + 150 = 1252.5 cm2

Asb =

0.85 f c Acb 0.85 280 1252.5

=
= 70.98 cm2
fy
4200

Ans

() As = 7 8.14 = 56.98 cm2

a cm a > 10 cm

Cc = ( (15 + 20 + 15) (a 10) + 200 + 150 ) ( 0.85 280 )

= ( 50a 150 ) ( 0.85 280 ) = 11900a 35700

Ts = 56.98 4200 = 239316 kgf

Cc = Ts a = 23.11 cm x =
s =

0.003 (10 + 45 27.19 )

27.19
a = 23.11 > 10 cmOK.

23.11
= 27.19 cm
0.85

= 3.07 103 > y OK.

13.11

10

10

+ 31.89 + 200 + 45 + 150 + 45 0.85 280 105

M n = 50 13.11
2

= 101.03 tf-m

3/9

Ans

98

P.4

8 m 20 cm
N-S W-E 28 #4 1.27 cm2
f c = 250 kgf/cm2
N-S W-E 24 #4
f y = 4200 kgf/cm2

()Yield Line(5 )
() N-S W-E d = 17 cm

= 0.9 wu (15 )
()Serviceability Requirements
(5 )

:9 !

(1)
(2) Wu
(3)

()

()(1)
As = 28 1.27 = 35.56
A f

1
1
35.56 4200

5
M n1 = As f y d s y = 0.9 35.56 4200 17
10 = 20.49 tf-m

2
0.85
2
0.85
250
200

f
b

M n1 20.49
mn1 =
=
= 10.25 tf-m/m
b
2
(2)
As = 24 1.27 = 30.48

1
30.48 4200
5
10 = 18.72 tf-m
2 0.85 250 400

M n 2 = 0.9 30.48 4200 17

18.72
= 4.68 tf-m/m
4
(3) 1
64
1

W0 = 8 8 1 Wu = Wu
3
3

mn 2 =

98.12.12

P.5

1 =

2 1
2

1
2 2

2 =

1
4

1
1
Wi = 10.25 ( 2 8 ) + 4.68
2 2 4 = 59.72
4
2 2
64
W0 = Wi
Wu = 59.72 Wu = 2.80 tf/m2
3
()
1.

Ans

2.

L/180

L/360

L/240

L/480

7/37/4:/4

P B2

B2 =

(1)

Pu
1
Pe 2

B2 =

1 Pu oh
HL

(2)

Pu = tf
oh = cm

H = oh tf
L = cm

Pe 2 = Ag Fy c2 tf

c =

KL Fy
K
r E

1
(a) A~E (b) F
F In-planeOut-of Plane
(b)

() B2 =

1
1

Pu
Pe 2

A P M A (13 )

98

() B2 =

1 Pu oh
HL

P.6

C P M C (12 )

(a)

(b)

F y = 3.5 tf/cm2 E = 2040 tf/cm2

W 12 106
Ag = 201.3 cm2 I x = 38831 cm4 I y = 12528 cm4 rx = 13.89 cm ry = 7.89 cm
W 10 68
Ag = 129 cm2 I x = 16398 cm4 I y = 5577 cm4 rx = 11.27 cm ry = 6.58 cm
:9 !

(1) BD

Pe 2
(2)(1) B-D K = c = Pe 2 = 0 Pe 2 ACE
(3)(2) oh BD ACE

oh
(4) ACE P ( 3 tf )( 600 cm ) = 1800 tf-cm
(5)

()(1) A ( M A ) P
1. Pu
Pu = 75 2 + 150 3 = 600 tf
2. Pe 2
(1) ACE Pe 2
K 2.1
rx = 13.89 cm

K x Lx Fy ( 2.1)( 600 ) 3.5

=
= 1.196

rx A E ( )(13.89 ) 2040
( 201.3)( 3.5 ) = 492.549 tf
=
(1.196 )2

( c ) A =

( Pe 2 ) A

(2) BD Pe 2
BD
K =

98.12.12

P.7

( Pe 2 ) B = 0
(3) Pe 2

Pe 2 = ( 492.549 )( 3) = 1477.647 tf
3. B2
B2 =

Pu
1
Pe 2

1
= 1.684
600
1
1477.647

4. A ( M A ) P
(1) oh
ACE 9 tf
3 tf
3
9 3)( 600 )
(
oh =
= 2.727 cm
( 3)( 2040 )( 38831)
(2) P ( M A ) P

P M A = ( 3)( 600 ) = 1800 tf-cm

( M A ) P = B2 M A = (1.684 )(1800 ) = 3031.2 tf-m = 30.312 tf-m

()(2) C ( M C ) P
1. B2
Pu = 600 tf
oh = 2.727 cm
L = 600 cm
H = 9 tf
1
1
B2 =
=
= 1.435
oh
600 )( 2.727 )
(
1 Pu
1
HL
( 9 )( 600 )
2. P ( M C ) P

P M C = ( 3)( 600 ) = 1800 tf-cm

( M C )P = B2 M C = (1.435)(1800 ) = 2582.496 tf-cm = 25.825 tf-m

6.7.8

3 ~~
~ A !