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10th Class Exam Oriented Bit Bank - Maths

1. Statements and Sets
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. (p q)= ____. An example for tautology is ____. [p (q)]is ____. The negation of 42=7 is ____. The contrapositive of p q is ____. p(q r) (pq)(p r) is ____. Symbolic form of 5 4 is ____. The symbol for existential quantifier is ____. If n(A)=6, n(B)=8, n(AB)=12, then n(AB)= ____. If A B, n(A)=12 and n(B)=20, then n(BA)= ____. If A={x: x4, xN}; B={2,3,6,8}, then AB'= ____. If n(AB)=n(A)+n(B), then A and B are ____ sets. If A B, then AB=____. (ABC)' = ____. AB' =____. The negation of the statement 'All prime numbers are odd' is ____. If 67 =42 62=4, the truth value is ____. The converse of conditional is equal to its ____. The inverse of 'p q' is ____. Using appropriate symbols, the statement '(either p) or (not p)' is written as ____. The statement which uses the connective AND is called a ____. Denial of a statement is called its ____. p p p is called ____law. (pq) p q is ____ law. The symbol for universal quantifier ____. ' =____. If AB and BA, then ____. If A = {1,3,5,7}, B = {1,7,8,9}, C = {0,1,2,3,7}, then A(BC)= ____. If A={x/xz ; 1 x 1}, then the roaster form of A= ____. AA'= ____. A,B and C are sets, then A(BC)= ____. If AA= A, the law is ____. If we interchange , and the sets , we get the statements to be true. This principle is called ____. If n(A) = 5, then n [p(A)] = ____. If n(A)=20, n(B)=44 and n(A B)= 13, then n(A B)=____. The symbol for connective 'if .., then ' is ____. Truth value of 4+3=7 or 5 4=9 is ____. denotes ____. A={1,2,3}, B={2,3,4}, then AB = ____. A'= ____. If A,B are disjoint sets then AB=____. AB = ____. ( C)= ____. If A B , n(A)= 5 and n(B)=6, then n(AB)= ____. (A)'=____. p (qr) =_____. (p)= ____. If AB and BA, then ___. ' =___ The truth value of a conditional is equal to the truth value of its___.

Answers
1. p(q); 2. pp; 3; pq; 4. 427; 5. q p; 6. Distributive law; 7. (5=4); 8. ; 9. 2; 10. 8; 11. {1,4}; 12. Disjoint; 13. A; 14. A'B'C'; 15. BA'; 16. Some prime numbers are odd (or) All prime numbers are not odd; 17. False; 18. Inverse; 19. p q or (p) (q); 20. pp; 21. Conjunction; 22. Negation; 23. Idempotent; 24. De Morgan's; 25.; 26. ; 27. A=B; 28. {1,3,7}; 29. {1,0,1}; 30. ; 31. (AB)(AC); 32. Idempotent law; 33. Principle of duality; 34. 32; 35. 51; 36. ; 37. F; 38. Universal quantifier; 39. {1}; 40. ; 41. ; 42. ()(); 43.(A B) (A C); 44. 6; 45. A'B'; 46. (pq) (pr); 47. p; 48. =; 49. ; 50. Contrapositive.

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www.sakshieducation.com IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

4 Marks 1. If A,B,C are any three sets prove that A(BC)=(AB)(AC)? 2. Prove that A(BC) = (AB)(AC) where A,B,C are subsets of a universal set ? 3. If A,B are two subsets of a universal set , then (AB)'= A' B' ? 4. Prove that A () = ? 5. At a social sports club with 290 members in it, it was found that 120 played Tennis, 110 played Tennikoit, 130 played Badmin-ton, 70 played Tennis and Tennikoit, 55 played Tennikoit and Badminton, 60 played Tennis and Badminton. It was also discovered that 75 members had joined only for the social side of the club and did not play any of the three games. How many played all the three games? 6. In a city there are three major news papers A, B and C of which atleast 2 are read by 35% of population. It is known that news paper C is read by 45% of the population and the news paper A and B are read by 15% and that all the three are read by 10%. What percentage of the population read only news paper C? 2 Marks 1. Define implication (or conditional) and write its truth table? 2. If p,q are two statements, then prove that (p q) p (q)? 3. Prove that the statement p (q)p is a tautology? 4. If A,B are subsets of a universal set , then show that AB=AB'=BA'? 5. Prove that AB'=AB ? 6. If A= {all primes less than 20}; B={all whole numbers less than 10}, then find (i)AB (ii) AB? 1 Mark 1. Define a disjunction and write the truth table? 2. Write the converse, inverse and contrapositive of the statement " If two triangles are congruent then they are similar"? 3. Define tautology? Give an example? 4. Write the setbuilder from of the set A= {3,2,1,0,1,2,3}? 5. Prove that ( A')'=A? 6.If A={1,2,3}; B={3,4,5}, then find AB?

2. Functions (Mappings)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. If f(x)=x xA, then f is ____. If f1(x)= x+4, then f(7)= ____. F is bijection means it is ____. If f(x)=x2+x+4, then 24 is the image of ____. F={(x, 3)/xN} is a ____ function. F:AB is bijective and if n(A)=4, then n(B)=____. If f(x)=x2+2xk and f(2)=8, then the value of k is ____. If A = {1,2}; B = {4,5}; C = {6,7}, then number of elements in A (B C) = ____. If (a+b, 1) = (5, ab), then the value of 2a+3b= ____. If f:RR, f(x) = 3x+2, then f1(x) = ____. If f:NN; f(x)=x+1, then range of f is ____. Let f={(x,a), (y,b), (z,c)}. If f1=g, then g1 = ____. If f: AB and g:BC, then ____. If f(x)= 2x; g(x)= 3x+2, then (fog)(x)= ____. Zero of the function f(x)= 2x3 is ____. If f(x)=x2+4x12. What are the zeros of f ____. If A={1,2}, B={3,4}, then A B= ____. If f(x)= x+1, then 3f(2) 2f(3)= ____. The range of a constant function is ____. The inverse of a function will be a function only if it is ____. f and g are two functions defined on the same domain 'D'. The additional condition required for f and g to be equal is ____. If (x+y, 1) = (3, yx), then x = ____. The range of the function {(1,2), (2,3) (3,4)} is ____.

24. If f: NN defined as f(x)= 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

f:AB is said to be a real valued function, if ____. If y=f(x)=5x, then f1(x)= ____. If f={(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,1)}, then fof= ____. If f1(y) = y3, then f(x) = ____. If f={(1,2),(2,3)(3,4)}; g= {(2,5), (3,6) (4,7)}, then gof = ____. If f(x)=x; g(x)=x+1; h(x)=x2, then ho(gof)(x) Co domain of f:AB is ____. If I is an identity function, then I1(4) is ____.

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12 (for x3), then domain of f is ____. x 3

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33. If f(x)= 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
1 x (x 1), then f(1)= ____. 1+ x

If f= {(4,6),(5,7),(6,8),(7,9)}, then f1(8) = ____. f:AB; If f(x1)=f(x2) x1=x2, then f is ____. f is a constant function. If f(2x5)=5, then the value of x is ____. If f={(1,2), (2,2), (3,2) }, then range of f is ____. If n(A)=4 and n(B)=3, then the number of one one functions from A to B is ____.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
4 Marks 1. Let A = {1,3,5,7}; B={2,4,6,8} and C= {11,13}. If f:AB and g: BC be defined by f = {(1,2), (3,4), (5,2), (7,4)}; g= {(2,11), (6,11), (4,13), (8,13)}, then find gof and fog. What do you conclude? 2. If the functions f,g,h are defined as f(x)=x+2; g(x)=3x1 and h(x)= 2x, then show that ho(gof) = (hog) of? 3. Let f:RR be defined by f(x) = 2x+3, then find (i) f1 (4) (ii) {f1(x):2 x 3 } and (iii) {f1(x):x 5}? 4. If f(x) =x1; g(x) =x22; h(x)=x33; XR. The find (fog)oh, fo(goh)? 5. If f1(x)=
x +1 x 1 1 and g (x)= 2 3 , then find (i) (g1of)(x) (ii) (f1og)(x)?

6. If f:RR; g:RR defined as f(x) =1+2x; g(x)=32x, then find (fog)(3); gof(3); (fog)(x); (gof) (x)? 2 Marks 1. Define a bijective function and give an example? 2. If f(x)=
A x y z B
p q r s
A 1 2 3 4 B

x +1 (x1), then find the value of x 1 f(x)+ f(1/x)?

x y z

3. If f(x)=x2+2x+3, then find

f (x + h) f (x) ? where h 0? h

4. If f:R{2}R be defined by f(x)=

2x + 1 2x + 1 , then show that f = x? x2 x2

f:AB One-One function

f:AB Onto function

A 1 2 3

5. If f(x)=x+2; g(x) =x2x2(xR), then find the value of

x y z

g(1) + g(2) + g(3) ? f ( 4) + f ( 2) + f (2)

a b c d

x y z

6. If f:RR defined as f(x)=3x5, then find f1? 1 Mark 1. Define one one function?

f:AB Bijective function

f:AB Constant Function

2. Let f:AB and f have an inverse function f1:BA. State the properties of f for which its inverse exists? 3. If f:RR defined as f(x)= x2+1, then find the value of f(x)+f(2x)? 4. Let f:R {3} R be defined by f(x)=
x2 9 and g:RR defined by g(x)=x+3, then prove that f, g are equal functions? x 3

5. If f={(1,3), (2,5), (3,7)} and g= {(3,7), (5,9), (7,10)}, then find gof ? 6. If f:RR; g:RR; f(x)=1+2x; g(x)=32x, then (fog)(3)? A AnswersSWERS 1) Identity function; 2) 3; 3) One one and onto; 4) 4; 5) Constant; 6) 4; 7) 0; 8) 8; 9) 12; 10) (x2)/3; 11) {2,3,4,...}; 12) {(x,a), (y,b), (z,c)}; 13) gof: C; 14) 3x; 15) 3/2; 16) {6,2}; 17) {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4)}; 18) 1; 19) A singleton set; 20) A bijection; 21) f(x)= g(x); 22) 1; 23) {2,3,4}; 24) {1,2,4,5,....}; 25) BR; 26) x/5; 27) {(1,3), (2,4), (3,1), (4,2)}; 28) (x+3); 29) {(1,5), (2,6), (3,7)}; 30) (x+1)2 or (x2+2x+1); 31) B; 32) 4; 33) 0; 34) 6; 35) One one function; 36) 5; 37) 2; 38) 0.

3. Polynomials over Integers

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The sum of roots of 3x25x+9=0 is ____. The discriminant of the equation 2x27x+3=0 is ____. If the roots of an equation px2+9x+r=0 are equal, then ____. If the discriminant of a quadratic equation is negative , then the roots are ____. The remainder, when the f(x) is divided by (axb) is ____. If f(x)=a0xn+a1n1+a2xn2+.......+an and a0+a1+a2+a3+......+an=0, then ____ is a factor of f(x). The curves of the graph of x=my2(m>0) in the quadrants of ____. If x25x+4<0, then x lies between ____.

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9. Inequation having solution 3 x 4 is ____. 10. In a pascal triangle each row of coefficients is bounded in both sides by ____. 11. Last term in the expansion of x + is x
2
5

____.
x y
4

12. Sum of the binomial coefficients of the expansion of + is ____. y x 13. In the expansion of x which term contains x5 ____. x
1 4 1 8 14. In the expansion of 2x + , is the coefficient of ____. 3x 3
9

15. If f(1)=0. One of the factors of the function of f(x) is ____. 16. If 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

( 3 + 1)and ( 3 1)are the roots of the quadratic equation, then the equation is ____.

The discriminant of the quadratic equation 4x2+4x+1=0 is ____. The sum of the roots of 2x29x+8=0 is ____. The remainder when f(x) is divided by (x+a) is ____. If the sum of the coefficients of a polynomial is zero, then ____ is a factor to it. The condition for xn+yn is exactly divisible by (x+y) if ____. If x26x+5<0, then the solution set is___. If 10C2n = 10Cn+4, then n= ____. 7 1 The last term in the expansion of x + is ____.
x

If nC13=nC7 , then n = ____. If (x33x2+4x5) is divided by (x+1), then the remainder is ____. The inequation with the solution set 1<x<3 is ____. 6C4= ____.
10

4 2 29. Number of terms in 2x 5 x

is ____.

+6 x x

is ____.

33. Sum of the coefficients in the expansion (a+b)5 is ____. 34. y=mx2 always represents ____.

AnswersNSWERS
x223x+2=0;

b 32 2 1. 5/3; 2. 25; 3. q2=4pr ; 4. Imaginary; 5. f ; 6. (x1); 7. I and IV ; 8. 1 & 4 ; 9. x x12 0; 10. 1; 11. 5 ; 12. 16; 13. 3; 14. x0; 15. x1; a

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30. The curve y=2x2 goes through the quadrant ____. 31. Product of the roots of x23x+5=0 is ____. 20 32. Constant term in the expansion of 5

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x

16.

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17. 0; 18. 9/2; 19. f(a); 20. (x1) ; 21. n is an odd number; 22. 1<x<5; 23. 2; 1 24. 7 ; 25. 20; 26. 13; 27. x24x+3<0; 28. 15; 29. 11; 30. I, II; 31. 5; 32. 11th term; 33. 32; 34. Parabola; x

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
5 Marks 1. Using graph of y=x2, Solve the equation x24x+3=0? 2. Using the graph of y=x2, Solve the equation x2x6=0? 3. Draw the graph of y=x2 and x=y2 and find their point of intersections? 4. Draw the graph of y=4x28x+3 from this find the solutions of 4x28x+3=0? 5. Using by the graph solve y=x2+5x+6? 4 Marks 1. Find the roots of the equation
x b +x = + b? x a ba

2. A stream flows from A to B, a distance of 30 km. At a 2km an hour and a man can row up and down in 8 hours. Find the rate of the man in still water ? 3. Find the values of b and c if the division of x2+bx+c by i.(x1) leaves remainder zero and ii.(x+2) leaves remainder 12 ? 4. Factorise x4+2x37x28x+12 using by remainder theorem? 5. Using by mathematical induction, prove

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n(n + 1) ? 2

that 1+2+3+.....+n=

6. Find the independent term of x in the

2 expansion of 6x

5 ? x2

2x

6. Solve x26x+5<0? 1 Mark 1. Expand a2(b2c2)? 2. Write the quadratic equation whose roots are 3 + 5,3 5 ? 3. Find the value of k, so that x33x2+4x+k is exactly divisible by (x2)? 4. Sate the principle of mathematical induction? 5. Write the nature of the roots of x24x+5=0? 6 6. Find the middle term in the expansion x 1 ?
x

4. Linear Programming
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

If x>0, y<0, then the point (x, y) lies in the quadrant____. The point belongs to 2x3y >0 is ____. The point which does not lie in the region 2x3y>5 is ____. The inequation represents of the region containing the points (1,2) and (2,1) is____. The solution set which satisfies the inequation x24x+3<0 ____. If P(x,y) is in Q1, then ____. F = 2x+3y is maximum at the point ____. Find the point minimising 'C', if C=20x+25y ____. The point which satisfies the shaded region of 3x4y+12 >0 ____. The value of f=2x+y at the intersection point of x=2 and y=3 is ____. The solution set of constraints of linear programming problem is called _____. The expression ax+by which is sought to be ____ is called the objective function. Solution set of xy and x y is ____. A linear programming problem consists of minimising or maximising function f=ax+by where a,b R subject to certain constraints expressed as linear inequations in x and y. Such function f is called ____. The line y=k is parallel to ____. The line y=mx+c, cut Y axis at ____. Any line belonging to the system of parallel lines given by the objective function for various values of the objective function f is called ____. The line x=0 represents ____. If x<0, y>0, then the point (x,y) lies in ____. In figure. The inequation shaded by the region is ____. If x<0 and y<0, then the point (x,y) belongs to ____.

(0, 15) is ____. 23. The value of the profit function f=4x+y at the point (2,4) in the feasible region is ____. ANSWERS 1. Q4; 2. (3,2); 3. (1, 1); 4. 2x+y<6; 5. (1,4); 6. x>0; y>0; 7. (5,6); 8. (10,20); 9. (4,1); 10. 7; 11. Feasible solution; 12. Maximised or (minimised); 13. (0,0) or (x,y); 14. Objective function; 15. X axis; 16. (0,c); 17. Iso profitlines; 18. Y axis; 19. Q2; 20. x+y<2; 21. Q3; 22. 10; 23. 8.

22. If p = x + y , then the value of p at

1 4

2 3

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5 Marks 1. A sweet shop makes gift packets of sweet combining two special types of sweets A and B which weigh 7 kg. Atleast 3 kg of A and not more than 5 kg of B should be used. The shop makes a profit of Rs.15 on A and Rs.20 on B per Kg. Determine the product mix so as to obtain maximum profit?

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IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

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2 Marks 1. State and prove remainder theorem? 2. Find the sum and product of the roots of 3x 2 + 9x + 6 3 = 0.? 3. Find the roots of x2+ x(cb)+ (ca) (ab) =0? 4. Find the number which is less than its square by 132 ? 7 1 5. Find the middle term in the expansion of 3x + ?

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2. A shopkeeper sells not more than 30 shirts of each colour. At least twice as many white ones are sold as green ones. If the profit on each of the white be Rs.20, and that of the green be Rs.25, how many of each kind of shirts be sold to give him the maximum profit? 3. A certain manufacturer has 75kg of cashew and 120kg of ground nuts. There are to be mixed in 1 kg packages as follows: a low grade mixture 250 grams of cashew and 750 grams of ground nuts, whereas in a high grade mixture 500 grams of cashew and 500 grams of groundnuts. If the profit on the low grade mixture is Rs.2 per package and that of high grade mixture is Rs.3 per package. How many packages of each mixture should be made for the maximum profit? 4. Maximise f=5x+7y subject to the conditions 2x+3y 12; 3x+y 12; x0 and y 0? 5. Maximise f=x+4y subject to the conditions, 8x+5y 40, 4x+3y 12, x0, y 0? 6. Minimise f=4x+y subject to the constraints x+y 6, 2x+y 8; x 0; y 0? 4 Marks 1. Maximise f=2x+y subject to the constraints 2x+y 8, y 4; x 3, x 0 and y0? 2. Minimise f=x+y subject to the conditions x+y6, 2x+y 8; x 0 and y 0? 3. If 2x+y 10 and x+2y 8 ; find the least value of f=x+y? 4. Minimise f=3x+2y subject to x+y 1, xy, 0 x 1, y 0? 5. Maximise f=2x+3y subject to the constraints x+y 5, 3x+y 9; x 0; y 0? 6. Minimise f=4x+3y subject to x+y 8000; 2x+y 1000; 0 x 400; 0 y 700?

2 Marks 1. Find the solution represented by the system of inequations x 0, y 0; x+y1? 2. Draw the graph of system of inequations x 1, y 1; x 3, y 3? 3. Shade the region represented by the inequation 4x+3y 12? 4. The vertices of convex polygon OABC are O(0,0),A(3,0), B(2,3), C(0,5). Find the maximum value of the objective function f=2x+3y? 5. If 2x+y 10 and x+2y 8, then find the least value of f=x+y? 6. In a linear programming problem, the values of objective functions at A(3,0) and B(0,5) are 6 and 15 respectively. Find the objective function. ? 1 Mark 1. Define feasible solution? 2. Define isoprofit line? 3. From the points A(2,4), B(0,8) the objective function f=4x+y minimum at which point? 4. What is linear programming problem.? 5. Define objective function? 6. Find the area of the region formed by x 0, y 0, x 4, x 6, y 3 and y 6?

1. If 2. If 3. If

2 x = 16 , then x=_____.
1 x2

= 0.2 , then x3/2 is ____.

x + 3 y + 3 z = 0; then (x+y+z)3=____.

5. If 7 x + 3 = 5x +3 , then the value of x is ____. 6. |x| a _____. 7. xm a m = ______ . xa x n a n Lt Lt

8.

x 0

(1 + x ) n 1 = ______ .
1

9. 10. If 2x+3= 4x+1, then x=_____. 11. If a2=0.04, then a3=____.

(16)1.25=_____.

12. If 13.

3x = 81 , then the value of x is____.

a + b + 2 ab = _____ . a+ b

1 2 1 1 2 1 3 + b 3 a 3 a 3b 3 + b 3 = _____ . a 14. x+3 x+1 15. If 3 =9 , then x=____.

16. If x 3 = x 2 , then the value of p=____.

2 p

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4. 160.5=_____.

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5. Real Numbers

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17. Solution set of |x|=3 is______. 18. The modules of a real number is never _____. 1 = _____ . 19. Lt x x 20. The limiting position of a secant of circle is____. 21. (256)0.16(256)0.09=_____. 22. If ax=b; by=c; cz=a, then xyz=_____. 23. |x|a ______. 24. If 33x=9x+6, then x=_____. 25. Lt x 2 + 5x + 6 = _____ . x 2 2x 2 3x

26. a 0; If p+q+r=0, then a3p+3q+3r=_____.

x 27. f x x

= x. x

),
x

then x=____.

28. If x=3, then |x220|=_____. 29. Lt

( 30. x

x 2 16 = _____ . x4 x 4
p q )r

. x q r

( ) .(x ) = ____ .
p r p q

Answers
1) 8; 2) 0.6; 3) 27xyz; 4) 4; 5) 3; 6) a x a; 7)

m mn ; 8) 1/n; 9)32; 10)2; 11) 0.008; 12) 16; 13) a n

17) {3, 3}; 18) negative; 19) 0; 20) tangent; 21) 4; 22) 1; 23) a xa; 24) 12; 25) 10; 26) 1; 27) 9/4; 28) 11; 29) 8; 30) 1.

5. Evaluate Lt

6. If x=0.1, then find the value 3 1 1 1 x

{(

) }
1

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(1 + x )4 1 ? x 0 (1 + x )3 1
1 1 3

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4 Marks 1. If ax1 = bc ; by1= ca; cz1 = ab. Show that xy+yz+zx=xyz? 2. If ax=by=cz=dw and ab=cd, then show that 1 + 1 = 1 + 1 ? x y w z 1 3 3. If y = 3 + 3 , then show that 3y39y=0? 3 4. If lmn=1, then show that 1 1 1 + + = 1? 1 1 1+ l + m 1+m +n 1 + n + l 1

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Real Numbers
Rational Numbers (Q) Integers(Z) {... -2, -1, 0, 1, 2...} Whole Numbers (W) { 0, 1, 2, 3...} Natural Numbers (N) {1, 2, 3...}

2 Marks 1. If ax = b; by = c, cz = a, then prove that xyz = 1? 2. If a+b+c=0, then show that

3. If a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 0, then show that (a+b+c)3=27abc? 7x 4. Solve = 10? 2 5. Evaluate Lt

1 + x + x2 1 ? x

x0

6. Evaluate Lt

xa

x + a 2a ? x a

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Irrational Numbers (Q) (p, 3 etc. )

xa

2b 1c 1

.x a

1b2c 1

.x a

1b 1c2

= x3?

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IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

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a + b ; 14) a+b; 15) 1; 16) 3;

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1 Mark 1. If x 2/3

( ) = x , then find the value of p?

p 2

x (y z ) y zx z xy a ( ) a ( )? 2. Simplify a

3. Evaluate Lt

2x + 3 ? 3x + 5

4. Evaluate Lt

x 2 + 5x ? x0 x
1+

5. Find the limit of the sum

6. Solve the equation |2x5|=7?

6. Progressions
1. 2. 3. 4.

If a,b and c are in Arithmetic progression then (c+a)= _____. If there are n arithmetic means between a and b, then the common difference (d) is ____. 1.3+3.5+5.7+...... in the series nth term is ____. The sum to n terms of the series 1+4+9+16+....... _____.
1 1 1 , , ,....... is ____. 3 9 27

5. Common ratio of the G.P. 6. If 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
1 1 1 , , a b c

are in H.P, then _____.

19.

1 1 1 1 + + + + ....... = ____ . 2 6 18 54

20. The first term of a G. P. is 50 and its 4th term is 1350, then the 5th term of G.P is ____. 1 1 1 21. The common ratio of G. P. 1 + + ...... is ____.
3 9 27

22. The 7th term of series 23. 24. 25. 26.

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1,

1 1 , ,......... 2 4

Geometric mean of 5 and 125 is ____. The number of multiples of 9 between 1 and 1000 is ____. The Arithmetic mean of two numbers is 16, and their Geometric mean is 8, then their Harmonic mean is ____. The sum of first 'n' natural numbers is ____.
2 16 , x, are in A.P, then x = ____ . 7 7 1 1 , is ____. 2 3

27. If

28. If the first and fourth term of a G.P. are 1 and 27, then its common ratio r is ____. 29. Harmonic mean of 30. 1 + + + +
1 2 1 4

31. If Ka,Kb, Kc are in G.P., then a,b,c are in ____. 32. The nth term of an A.P. is (5n1), then its common difference is ____. 33. The 10th of the series
3 3 3 , , ,..... is ____. 2 4 8

34. If n3=2025, then n= ____. 35. If x,y,z are in Harmonic progression, then y= ____.

1 1 + ..... is ____. 8 16

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3 2 7 1 1 1 18. 1 + + 2 + 3 + ...... , the sum of the series is ____. 3 3 3

is ____.

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If tanA, tanB, tanC are in A.P, then cotA, cotB, cotC are in ____. If A,G,H are Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean and Harmonic mean, then the relation among them is ____. If 'a' is the first term and 'd' is the common difference of an A.P., then the 15th term of corresponding Harmonic progression is ____. If n=10, then n3= ____. If nth term of an A.P. is 2n+5, then the first term is ____. If there are five A.M's between p and q, then common difference 'd' is ____. If a=3; d=2, then 20th term of the A.P. is ____. nth term of the series 2.5+4.7+6.9+..... is ____. The nth term of a G.P. is 2(0.5)n1, then the common ratio is ____. . The Harmonic mean of two numbers is 2 and their arithmetic means is 8, then their Geometric mean is ____. The fourth term of the H.P. 4 , 3 , 12 ,.... is ____.

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1 1 1 + + + .... ? 3 32 33

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ANSWERS 1) 2b; 2)
1 pq ba n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 5) 1/3; 6) c=2ba; 7) H.P; 8) G2=AH; 9) ; 10) 1; 11) 7; 12) ; 13) 41; ; 3) 4n21; 4) ; (a + 14b) 6 n +1 6
n(n + 1) ; 27) 1; 28) 3; 2

14) 2n(2n+3); 15) or 0.5; 16) 4; 17) 2; 18) 3/2; 19) 3/4; 20) 4050; 21) 1/3; 22) 1/64; 23) 25; 24) 111; 25) 4; 26) 29) 2/5; 30) 2; 31) G.P; 32) 5; 33) 3/1024; 34) 45; 35)
2xz . x+z

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
4 Marks 1. Find the sum to n terms of the series 1.2+2.3+3.4+...... ? 2. If the sum of the first n natural numbers is S1 and that of their squares S2 and cubes S3, then show that 9S22=S3(1+8S1)? 3. Find the sum of n terms of the progression, 0.5+0.55+0.555+....... ? 4. If g1, g2, g3 are three Geometric means between m and n, then show that g1g3=g22=mn? 5. If (b+c), (c+a), and (a+b) are in H.P, then show that
1 1 1 , , will also be in H.P. ? a 2 b2 c2

6. If A.M.,G.M., and H,M. of two numbers are A,G,H respectively, then show that A G H ?

1 Mark 1. Find the 12th term of an A.P. x,

4x 2x , , 2x,.....? 3 3
3 n =1

2 2. Evaluate n + 1 ?

3. The nth term of an A.P. is 3n+1, then find the sum to n terms? 4. Determine the 12th term of a G.P. whose 8th term is 192 and common ratio is 2 ?

6. Find the sum of 100 terms of A.P. 2,4,6,8,... ?

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7. Geometry
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5. Find S for the G.P

3 3 3 , , ,.....? 4 16 64

1. Altitudes of two similar triangles are in 1: 2 ratio, then the ratio of their areas ____. 2. The perimetre of two similar triangles are in the ratio 1:3. The ratio of their corresponding sides is ____. 3. ABC ~ PQR; AB=3.6; PQ=2.4 and PR=5.4, then AC= ____.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

ABC ~ PQR; If A=500 and B=600, then R= ____. The bisector of the exterior A of the triangle ABC intersects the side BC produced in D, then ____. The angle in the major segment of a circle is ____. The angle subtended by a major arc at the centre is ____. A parallelogram inscribed in a circle is ____. Two circles of radii 5cm and 3cm touch externally, then the distance between their centres is ____. In ABC, BC2+AB2=AC2, then ____ is a right angle. The sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 3:4. then the ratio of their areas is ____. The point of concurrence of medians of triangle is called ____. The point of concurrence of angular bisectors of triangle is called ____. The length of altitude of an equilateral triangle of side 'a' is ____. Angle in a semicircle is ____. The angle between the tangent and radius at the point of contact is ____. The perpendicular drawn to the tangent of a circle at the point of contact is passing through ____. ABC is inscribed in a circle with centre O. If BOA= 1400 and COA=1000, then BAC= ____. The angle subtended by a semicircle at the centre is ____. Similar triangles are in ____ relation.

4. If ABC ~ PQR, then

AB ____. = PQ

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2 Marks 1. If the 4th term of an A.P. is 7 and 7th term is 4, then show that the 11th term is 0? 2. Insert 4 arithmetic means between 3 and 33? 3. The product of two numbers is 91, and their arithmetic mean is 10. Find the two numbers? 4. Insert 3 Geometric means between 4 and 64? 5. In a Harmonic progression, the 4th term is 1/9 and 11th term is 1/23. Write the harmonic progression? 6. Insert 4 harmonic means between 1/12 and 1/42?

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22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Altitude of an equilateral triangle with side 2 3 is ____. Formula for finding length of transversal common tangent is ____. In a triangle, the point of intersection of angular bisectors is its ____. If the length of diagonal of a square is 4cm, then the length of the side is ____. Number of tangents drawn to a circle from an external point is ____. The side of a rhombus is 5cm if its diagonal is 8 cm, then length of the other diagonal is ____. In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, if A=1000, then C= ____. If two circles of radii 3cm and 5cm touch internally, then the distance between their centres is ____.

1) 1:2; 2) 1:3; 3) 8.1; 4) AC/PR; 5) 700; 6) 14) Incentre; 15)

AB BD = ; 7) Acute; 8) > 1800; 9) Rectangle; 10) 8cm; 11) B; 12) 9:16; 13) Centroid; AC CD

3 a ; 16) A right angle or 900; 17) 900; 18) Centre of circle; 19) 600; 20) 1800; 21) Equivalence; 22) 3;23) 2

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Answers ANSWERS

d 2 (R + r ) ;
2

24) Incentre; 25) 22 cm; 26) 2; 27) 6cm; 28)800; 29) 2cm.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

gle with side 'a' units is

3 2 a sq.units? 4

4. ABC is a triangle in which AB=AC and D is any point in BC. Prove that AB2AD2 = BD.CD? 5. ABCD is a rhombus, prove that AB2+BC2+CD2+DA2 = AC2+BD2? 6. Prove that the length of the tangents to the circle from an external point are equal? 1 Mark 1. Write the properties of similar triangles? 2. When are two polygons similar? 3. Write the converse of pythagorean theorem? 4. State the basic proportionality theorem? 5. State the Vertical angle bisector theorem? 6. A ladder of 25m long reaches a window of a building 20m above the ground. Determine the distance between the foot of the ladder and the building?

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5 Marks 1. Construct a triangle ABC in which AB=4.4cm, C=650 and median through C=2.7cm ? 2. Construct the circum circle of the triangle ABC, when AB=4cm; BC=4cm and AC=6cm? 3. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC=7cm, A=700 and foot of the perpendicular D on BC from A is 4.5cm away from B? 4. Construct a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, where AB=3cm, BC=6cm, AC=4cm, AD=2cm? 5. Construct the circum circle of the triangle ABCD when BC=6cm, B=550 and C=700? 6. Construct a quadrilateral, similar to a given quadrilateral ABCD with its side (5/7)th of the corresponding sides of ABCD. 4 Marks 1. State and prove Basic Proportionality Theorem (Thales theorem)? 2. State and prove Pythagorean Theorem? 3. State and prove vertical angle bisector theorem? 4. State and prove converse of vertical angle bisector theorem ? 5. State and prove converse of pythagorean theorem? 6. If two circles touch each other (internally or externally) does the point of contact lies on the line through the centres? 2 Marks 1. Two persons of heights 6m and 11m stand vertically on a plane ground. If the distance between their feet is 12m, determine the distance between their tops? 2. Prove that the line joining the midpoint of two sides of the triangle is parallel to third side? 3. Prove that the area of an equilateral trian

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

The scientist who introduced analytical geometry is ____. The slope of a line making an angle 450 with the positive direction of X axis is ____. Coordinates of the point R divides the line joining P(3, 2) and Q(6,1) internally in the ratio 1:2 are ____. The equation ax+by+c=0 represents a straight line only if ____. Point of intersection of the lines y=2x+1; y=3x2 is ____. The line x=my+c cuts the Y axis at ____. Sum of the intercepts made by the line 3x+4y=12 on coordinate axis is ____. The straight line 2x3y+12=0 is parallel to ____. The slope of a line perpendicular to 5x2y +4=0 is ____. Centroid of the triangle formed by the sides x=0, y=0, x+y=6 is ____. If the distance between the points (0,1), (8,k) is 10 units, then the value of k is ____.

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8. Analytical Geometry

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12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. The slope of X axis is ____. The line x=3y+1 cuts xaxis at ____. If the line 2x3y=k is passing through the origin, then the value of k is ____. Equation of a line parallel to xaxis at a distance of '5' units from xaxis is ____. The angle between the lines x2=0; y+3=0 is ____. Equation of a straight line makes an intercept of '5' units on Xaxis, '3' units on Yaxis ____. The slope of the line y=5 is ____. If three points are lying on a same line, then these points are called ____. The area of the triangle formed with the vertices (0,0),(1,0),(0,1) is ____. The point of concurrence of medians of triangle, whose vertices are (1,0), (5,2) and (8,2) is ____. Slope of line parallel to 3x2y+1=0 is ____. The centre of the circle whose ends of the diametre are (9,3), (1,1) is ____. The ratio in which Xaxis divides the line joining the points (4,6) and (7, 1) is ____. The area of the quadrilateral formed with the vertices (1,6),(3,9),(5,8),(3,9) is ____ sq.units. The slope of a line parallel to Y axis is ____. The slope of x+y=0 is ____. The line y=mx+c cuts x axis at ____. If the slope of a line joining the points (3,2), (4,k) is 2, then the value of k is ___. The slope of a line parallel to 2x+3y+4=0 is ____. If the points (p, 2), (3, 4), (7, 1) are collinear, then the value of p is ____. Equation of a straight line having the slope '5' and whose yintercept is '3' is ____. The point of intersection of the lines x2y=4; x+y=2 is ____. The equation of a line in intercept form is ____. The centroid of the triangle formed with the vertices (2,0), (0,2), (0,0) is ____.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

2 Marks 1. Find the point on X axis that is equidistant from (2,3) and (4,2)? 2. Find the ratio in which the point R(4, 24) on the line PQ divides the join of P(2, 27) and Q(10,15)? 3. Show that the points (1,2), (3,4), (7,1) are collinear? 4. Find the equation of the line passing through (1,1) and parallel to the line 2x3y=11? 5. If the area of the triangle formed by the vertices (t, 2t), (2, 6) and (3, 1) is 5 sq.units, then find the value of 't'? 6. The point (1,4) is the centroid of the triangle, two of whose vertices are (4,8) and (9,7), then find its third vertex? 7. Find the area of triangle whose vertices are (9,9), (8,2) and (1,3)? 8. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (4,3) and which is perpendicular to the line 2x5y+4=0 ? 1 Mark 1. Find the centroid of the triangle whose vertices are (4, 4), (2, 2) and (6,12)? 2. Find the slope of a line making an angle =60o with positive direction of Xaxis ? 3. Find the equation of a straight line making an angle 1500 with positive direction of Xaxis and whose Y intercept is 1? 4. Find the slope of a line perpendicular to 5x2y+4=0? 5. Find the equation of a straight line passing through the point (3,5) and having the slope 7/3? 6. Find the intercepts of the line 2xy+7=0? 7. Find the area of triangle whose vertices are (3,0), (0,4) and (0,0)? 8. Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle having the points (9, 3) and (1,1) as the end points of the diametre? 9. One end of the diametre of a circle is (3,2) and the centre is (0,0). Find the coordinates of the other end of the diameter? 10. If A(3,7) and B(1,4) are two vertices of a square taken in order, then find its area?

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1. 2. 3. 4.

If the terminal side completes one revolution about its vertex, the angle made is ____. A wheel makes 360 revolutions in one minute, then how many radians does it turn in one second ____. A sexagesimal of 72o is equal in circular measure to ____. If cos0o+2sin45o+sinA=3, then the value of A is ____ .

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4 Marks 1. If the mid points of the sides of a triangle are (4, 0), (1, 3) and (2, 1), then find the vertices of triangle? 2. Find the equations of the straight line passing through the point (2, 3) and (5, 10) and also find the intercepts made by the line with coordinate axes? 3. Find the equation of a line whose slope is 4/3 and which bisects the line joining the points P(1,2) and Q(4,3)? 4. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line joining (3,5),(5,7) and passing through (2,3)? 5. Find the points of trisection of the line joining the points A(3, 2); B(9, 5)? 6. Find the equation of a line passing through the points (5, 3)and whose sums of the intercepts on the coordinate axes is 5/6? 7. Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (1,6) and whose product of the intercepts on the coordinate axes is one ? 8. Find the equations of medians of triangle formed by the vertices (2,5),(3,4) and (0,3) ?

9. Trigonometry

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5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. sin29o+sin281o= ____. tan250osec250o= ____. If tan(A+B)= 3; tanA=1, then B= ____. If sin =cos2, then cot3= ____. is acute, if sin =3/5, then cos = ____. Eliminate '' from x=sec+tan; y=sec tan ____. One radian is equal to ____ degrees. If sin =cos, 00< <900, then the value of in (degrees) is ____. sin900 cos00tan 450 = ____. tan ____ = sin . If 3sin 4cos = 0, then tan = ____. sec (900 ) = ____. If the angles of the triangles are in the ratio 1:2:3, then the value of smallest angle (in radians) is ____. The value of sin 4200= ____. The height of mountain cliff is ____; if the angle of elevation of its top, from a point 300mts from its foot is found to be 600. If +=900; =2, then cos2 +sin2= ____. If tan+cot =2, then tan2+cot2 = ____. If x=asin bcos ; y=acos + bsin, then x2+y2= ____. cos3600 = ____. sin18 o = ______ . cos72 o cos2A= ____. c tan = _____ . 6 If sin=cos, then the value of tan=____.

AnswersANSWERS

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1) 3600; 2) 12; 3) 2c/5; 4) 900; 5) 1; 6) 1; 7) 150; 8) 0; 9) 4/5; 10) xy=1; 11) 57016'; 12) 450; 13) 1; 14) sec; 15) 4/3; 16) cosec; 17) c/6; 18) 3/2; 19) 3003m; 20) 1/2; 21) 2; 22) a2+b2; 23) 1; 24) 1; 25) cos2ASin2A or 12sin2A or 2cos2A1; 26) 1/3; 27) 1; 28) tan; 29) 1; 30) 2; 31) 180o; 32) 1/3; 33) sin; 34) 4/3; 35) 12/13.

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34. tan2300+tan2600= ____. 35. If sec+ tan =1/5, then the value of sin = ____.

1 Mark 1. Define radian? 2. Express tan in terms of cos? 3. Find the value of cos0o+sin90o+2sin45o? 4. Find the value of tan245o+2tan260o? 5. If sincos=0; <90o, then find the value of sin2? 6. Eliminate from the equations x=asin; y=acos? 7. Eliminate from the equations x=asec; y=btan? 8. The angle of depression of a point 100m from the foot of the tree is 60o. How tall is the tree? 2 Marks 1. If 8tan=15 then find the value of sincos? 2. If cosA = 4/5 and 0o<A<90o, then find the value of secAtanA? 3. Find the value of 32 cot 2 8sec 2 + 8cot3 ?

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Prove that sin2A+cos2A=1? Prove that cot + tan = sec. cosec (0o<<90o)? Prove that 1(sin6+cos6)=3sin2.cos2? Prove that tan2+tan4=sec4sec2? Eliminate from the equations x = sec + tan; y = sec tan?

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IMPORTANT QUESTIONS www.sakshieducation.com

sec 2 1 = _____ . sec

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tan1350= ____. tan2450+cot2450= ____. A straight angle is = ____. If cosec+cot =3, then cosec cot = ____.

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cosec 2 cot = _____ . cot

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4 Marks 1. Show that 1 + cos = cosec + cot ? 1 cos
15cot + 17sin ? 8 tan + 16sec

2. If sin = 15/17 and 0o90o, then find the value of 3. If sec+tan=p, then show that sin =
p2 1 ? p2 + 1

4. Show that 3(sinxcosx)4+6(sinx+cosx)2 +4(sin6x+cos6x)=13? 5. Prove that

tan + sec 1 1 + sin = ? tan sec + 1 cos

6. Prove that tan2tan2= 7. Solve

cos 2 cos 2 ? cos 2 .cos 2

cos cos + = 4? 1 sin 1 + sin

8. Eliminate from the equations a=xcos+ysin; and b=xsinycos, and also find the relation between x, y? 5 Marks 1. The upper part of a tree, broken by wind in two parts, marks an angle of 300 with the ground. The top of the tree touches the ground at a distance of 20m from the foot of the tree. Find the height of the tree before it was broken? 2. From the group and first floor of a building, the angle of elevation of the top of the spire of a church was found to be 600 and 450 respectively. The first floor is 5m high? Find the height of the spire? 3. Two boys are on the opposite of a tower of 100m height. They measure the angle of elevation of the top of the tower as 300 and 450 respectively. Find the distance through which the boys are separated ? 4. There are two temples, One on each bank of the river, just opposite to each other. One of the temples A is 40m high. As observed from the top of this temple A, the angles of depression of the top and foot of the other temple B are 120301 and 210481 respectively. Find the width of the river and the height of the temple B approximately? 5. A glider is flying at an altitude of 5000m,The angle of depression of the control tower of the airport from the glider is 180. What is the horizontal distance between the glider and the control tower?
Minutes Degrees Tan 180

Mean differences 01 0.3249 61 0.3269 121 0.3288 181 0.3307 241 0.3327 11 3 21 31 41 51 6 10 13 16

6. An aeroplane at an altitude of 2500m observes the angles of depression of opposite points on the two banks of a river to be 410201 and 520101. Find in metres, the width of the river?

Minutes Degrees Tan

Mean differences 01 0.8693 1.2799 61 0.8724 1.2846 121 0.8754 1.2892 181 0.8785 1.2938 241 0.8816 1.2985 11 5 8 21 31 41 51 10 16 21 26 16 24 31 39

410 520

10. Statistics
1. 2. 3. 4. A histogram consists of ____. If 18, 916, 1724,....... are the classes of a frequency distribution, then the class interval is ____. If the mean of the scores 12, 15, x, 19, 25, 44 is 25, then x= ____. Median of 10, 30, 110, 102, 90 and 50 is ____.
3 1 2 1 7 , , , , is ____. 4 2 3 6 12

5. The median of 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Formula to find the median of a grouped data is ____. The mode and mean of a distribution are 29 and 32 respectively, then the median of the distribution is ____. The mode of 10,15,15,10,12,13,19,15 is ____. In finding mode 2= ____. The range of the scores 20, 18, 37, 42, 3, 12, 15, 26 is ____. Range of first 'n' natural numbers is _____. The width of a rectangle in a histogram represents ____. The mid value of the class 1019 is ____. Arithmetic mean of a2, a, a+2 is ____. The mean of 10 observations is 7 and mean of 15 observations is 12, then the mean of all observations is ____. Formula to find arithmetic mean in deviation method is ____.

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17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Second quartile is called ____. The median of x1, x2, 2x1 is 6, and if x1<2x1<x2, then x1= ____. Arithmetic mean of first 'n' natural numbers is ____. The difference between the greatest and smallest values of a data is called ____. Class interval in 1020, 2030,....is ____. Mid value of the class 1020 is ____. The mid value of the class interval is used to calculate ____. If the mean of 1, 2, x, 3 is zero, then the value of x is ____. Median of 8, 10, 4, 3, 2, 11, 1 is ____. If the mode of 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, p is p, then the value of p is ____. Most repeated frequently item of a data is called ____. If A.M=4.5; Mode=6, then the median of a data is ____ . If Arithmetic mean=24; median=31, then mode= ____. Range of first nine natural numbers is ____.

Answers ANSENSWERS

F 1) Rectangles; 2) 8; 3) 35; 4) 70; 5) 7/12; 6) L + 2 ; 7) 31; 8) 15; 9) ff2; 10) 39; 11) n1; 12) Class interval; 13) 14.5; 14) a; 15) 10; f

16) A +

fi u i n +1 C; 17) Median; 18) 3; 19) ; 20) Range; 21) 10; 22) 15; 23) Mean; 24) 6; 25) 4; 26) 3; 27) Mode; 28) 5; 29) 45; 30) 8. N 2

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
4 Marks 1. Calculate the mean for the following data? Class interval 2531 Frequency 20 31 37 3743 12 16 4349 24 4955 10 5561 18

2. The mean of the following frequency table is 50. But the frequencies f1 and f2 in classes 2040 and 6080 are missing. Find the missing frequencies?

3. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution using by deviation method?

Marks 110 No.of Students 3

11 20 12

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4. Find the median for the following data?

5. Marks scored by 100 students in a 25 marks unit test of Mathematics are given below. Find the median? Marks Students 05 10 510 18 1520 23 2025 7

6. The marks scored by 100 students are given below. Find the mode?

2 Marks 1. Write the merits of the Arithmetic mean? 2. The mean of 20 observations is 12.5. By an error, one observation is registered as 15 instead of 15. Find the correct mean? 3. The mean of 11 observations is 17.5. If an observation 15 is deleted, find the mean of the remaining observations?
F 2 C? 4. Explain the terms in the formula median = L + f N

5. If mode = 120.8 and mean= 128, then find median? 6. The mean of marks secured by 50 students is 80. On verification of data, it was found that the marks of one student were shown as 73 instead of 37. Find the correct mean? 1 Mark 1. If the mean of 9, 11, 13, p,18,19 is p, then find value of p? 2. Find the mean of first 'n' natural numbers? 3. Find the median of 1.8, 4.0, 2.7, 1.2, 4.5, 2.3 and 3.7?

Marks Secured 1524 No.of Students 8

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25 34 20

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3140 14 4554 30

Class interval 09 Frequency 8

10 19 15

2029 20

3039 45

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4049 12 4150 5 5564 10

Class Frequency

020 17

20 40 4060 f1 32

6080 f2

80100 Total 19 120

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x x x x , x, , and is 8, then find the value of x? 5 4 2 3

4. If the median of

5. Find the mode of the data 4, 5, 5, 7, 6, 6, 3, 2, 6, 7, 6, 3, 7, 4, 5, 4? 6. If the median and mean of a data are 125.6 and 128 respectively, then find its mode?

11. Matrices
1. The Matrix was introduced by _____. 2. If the orders of the matrices A, B are 34 and 5 3 respectively, then the order of product of the matrices B, A is ____. 3 4 3 4 3. A= ; B= and if A=B, then the values of P and x are ____. 6 x p 2
1 2 0 2 3 4 4. If A= ; B= 3 4 5 1 2 0 , then AB= ____. a 3 2 5 5. If = , then a= ____. 1 2 1 0

6. If p

1 1 = (5 4 ) , then p=____. 2 1

3 1 7. Determinant of the matrix is____. 1 2 x 6 8. If is a singular matrix, then x= ____. 3 2x 1 4 9. If A= , then A1= ____. 0 1

1 0 1 19. If P= ; then P =____. 0 1 20. The equations 2x3y+6=0; 6x+y+8=0 can be written in matrix product form as____. 1 2 21. is a _____ matrix. 3 4

x y 2 0 x+y 23. If = 2x + 3y 2x 3y 5 1 then x=____. 1 4 5 T 24. If A= , then A =_____. 2 3 6 1 1 is____. 25. Inverse of A= 1 1 26. Inverse of identity matrix I is_____. 4 3 27. If A= , then |A|=____. 2 1

28. (AB)1= _____. 29. Determinant of a singular matrix is____.

2 1 22. If A= 0 3 , then 4A=____.

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2 x 17. If the matrix A= does not have the inverse, then the value of x is___. 3 6 18. If the determinant of a square matrix is zero, then the matrix is called_____.

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cos sin 16. Determinant of is____. sin cos

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1 0 0 2 14. If A= ; B= , then AB=____. 2 3 0 4 15. The matrix obtained from a given matrix A by interchanging its rows and columns is called____.

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10. 11. 12. 13.

If the equations 3x+4y=8; x6y=10 are solve by using Cramer's Method, then B1= ____. If the transpose of a given matrix is equal to its additive inverse, the matrix is called ____. (AB)T= ____. Identity matrix of order 33 is ____.

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1 2 30. If M = (2 3 ). then the order of matrix M is_____. WERS 0 5

Answers
8 4 1) J.J.Sylvester; 2) 54; 3) p=6, x=2; 4) Multiplication not possible; 5) 4; 6) (3 1); 7) 7; 8) 3; 9) A; 10) 10 6 ; 11) Skewsymmetric matrix; ; 1 0 0 0 2 T T 12) B . A ; 13) 0 1 0 or I 33 ; 14) ; 15) Transpose of A; 16) 1; 17) 4; 18) Singular matrix; 0 16 0 0 1 2 3 x 6 8 4 19) P; 20) = ; 21) Square; 22) ; 23) 1; 24) 6 1 y 8 0 12

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
4 Marks 1. A= 2 1 ; B= b 1 and if (A+B)2=A2+B2, then find the values of a, b? 2. A=
2 m 1 4 . If AB=BA, then find the value of m? ; B= 0 0 1 a b 1 0 1 1 a 1

3. If A= and I= , then prove that A2(a+d) A=(bcad)I c d 0 1 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

1 1 2 3 If A = ;B = , 2 1 1 2

then prove that (AB)1= B1.A1?

the equations 3y=42x and x = 2 Marks 1. 2. 3. 4.

y +1 4 ?

1 3 1 2 If A = ;B = then find 2A3B? 0 1 1 3 If (x

6 5 6 3x + 2y If = , 2x 3y 2 1 then find the values of x and y? 2 2a 4 = 0, then the value of a? 3

5. If 6 6. 7.

7 5 1 If A = , then show that A.A = I? 4 3 3 4

8. If the inverse of a matrix D is D1= 1 2 , then find the matrix D? 1 Mark 1. If A = ;B = 6 5 5

1 3 2 4 4 3 , then find 3A+2B? 7

2 2. If , then find the value of A ? 2 1

3.

3 4 a b 1 0 If = , then find the values of a, b, c, d? 2 5 c d 0 1 1 3 4. If A= 5 6 , then find A+AT?

5. Define a singular matrix? Give an example? 6. Define a nonsingular matrix? Give an example?

1 2 If B = , then show that B+B1=4I? 1 3

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1 2 If M = (2 3 ) , then find the order of M and determine the matrix M? 0 5

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2 3 y ) = (6 10 ) then find the values of x, y? 0 1

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Solve the equations a1x+b1y+c1=0; a2x + b2y + c2=0 using by matrix inversion method? Using by matrix inverse method, solve the equations 3x+y=15; 4x5y=1? Solve the following linear equations using by Crammer's method x+5y=17; 5x+y=13? Using by matrix Crammer's method, solve

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1 2 1 1 4 3 ; 25) Not defined; 26) I; 27) 10; 28) B .A ; 29) 0; 30) 12. 5 6

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1 7. If A= , then find A+A ? 1 3

1 2

8. If the matrix 6

2a 5 3

not having a multiplicative inverse, then find the value of a?

12. Computing
1. Transistors are used in ____ generation of computers. 2. Large scale circuits are used in ____ generation computers. 3. ____ generation of computers used vacuum tubes. 4. R.O.M means ____. 5. An example for input unit ____. 6. Input unit, output unit and central processing units are the computers ____. 7. Byte means ____. 8. 1 Kilo byte is equal to ____. 9. A design or a plan to obtain solution to a problem is called ____. 10. A type of box used in flow chart is ____. 11.Father of the computers is ____. 12.In first generation of computers ____ were used. 13.Mouse is an example for ____. 14.The unit of a computer in which large amount of information is stored is known as ____. 15.All parts of a computer are controlled by ____. 16.C.P.U. stands for ____. 17.The unit that performs arithmetical operations in C.P.U is ____. 18.____ is used to make a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm. 19.The language known to computers is called ____. 20.One of the computer languages is ____. 21.A set of instructions which leads to a step by step procedure for solving a problem is known as ____. 22.A pictorial representation of the algorithm is ____. 23.Presently using computers are of ____ generation. 24.Expand COBOL ____. 25.The unit that receives the results from C.P.U is ____. 26. Characteristics of a computer is______. 27. The computers manufactured between 1950 and 1960 were ____ generation computers. 28. The scientist prepared the present computers ____. 29. A set of instructions written in binary system is called ____. 30. The unit that receives the results ____. 31. The part of the computer where data and instruction are held ____. 32. ____ is used instead of logical operations. 33. Shape of decision box____. 34. A group of four binary digits is called ___. 35. An example for programming language is___. ANSWERS

Answers

1. 2nd; 2. Fourth; 3. First; 4. Read only memory; 5. Key board; 6. Hardware; 7. Group of eight bits; 8. 210 bytes; 9. Program; 10. Rectangle; 11. Charles Babbage; 12. Vacuum tubes; 13. Input; 14. Memory; 15. C.P.U; 16. Central processing unit; 17. Arithmetic and logical unit (A.L.U.); 18. Flow chart; 19. Programming language; 20. COBOL/ BASIC/PASCAL; 21. Algorithm; 22. Flow chart; 23. Fourth; 24. Common Business Oriented Language; 25. Out put; 26. fast speed; 27. 1st; 28. Newmon; 29. Machine language; 30. Output; 31. Memory Unit; 32. Decision box; 33. Diamond; 34. Nibble; 35. COBOL;

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4 Marks 1. Write an algorithm and draw a flow chart to pick the largest of the three given numbers? 2. Draw a flow chart to find the value of the product of first n natural numbers? 3. Draw a flow chart to find the sum of first 100 natural numbers? 4. Draw a flow chart for solving an equation ax2+bx+c=0 by considering all possible cases? 5. Gopal purchased a radio set for Rs. 500 and sold it for Rs. 600. Execute the flow chart using this data to determine loss or gain? 6. Find the compound interest and amount after 5 years for a principal p and rate of interest r per cent. Execute the flow chart for p=2000 and r=18? 2 Marks 1. Explain the structure of a computer by means of a block diagram? 2. What are the types of operations a computer performs?

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IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

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3. What should be kept in mind while writing an algorithm? 4. What are the different boxes used in a flow chart? Describe their functions? 5. What are the basics of problem solving? 1 Mark 1. What is an algorithm? 2. Expand C.P.U.? 3. What are the parts in central processing unit? 4. State any four languages you have known that are used in a computer? 5. What is a flow chart?

1. Statements and Sets

Statement: A statement is a sentence which is either true or false but not both. Truth Value: The truthfulness or falsity of a statement is called its truth value. Truthfulness is denoted by 'T', while its falsity is denoted by 'F'. Negation: The denial of a statement is called its negation - The negation of the statement 'p' is denoted by '~p'. p T F ~p F T

~(~p)=p

Truth table of disjunction (pq), conjunction (pq), conditional [if then (pq)] and bi-conditional[if and only if(pq)]: p T T F F q T F T F p q T T T F p q T F F F pq T F T T pq T F F T

2. 3. 4. 5.

Quantifiers '' 'for some' 'there exists atleast one' 'not all' 2. Universal quantifiers 'for all' 'for every' 'for each' Set: A set is well defined collection of objects. Elements: The objects of a set are called elements. Roster form or List form: In this method a set is described by listing elements, separated by commas, with in braces { }. Set builder form(or)Rule form: In this method, a set is described by a characteristic property of its elements. Empty set or Null set: A set has no elements is called empty set and it is denoted by . i.e, ={ }. Non-empty set: A set consisting of at least one element is called non-empty set. Singleton set: A set which has only one element. 1.

Existential quantifiers

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1.

Idempotent law Commutative law Associative law Distributive law Demorgan's law

pp p, pp p p q q p p q q p p(qr) (pq)r p(qr) (pq)r p(qr) (pq)(pr) p(qr) (pq)(pr) (pq) (p)(q) (pq) (p)(q)

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If p,q are statements, then Inverse of pq is ~p~q Converse of pq is qp Contrapositive of pq is ~q~p Tautology: A compound statement contains only T in the last column of their truth table is called tautology. Contradiction: A compound statement which contains only F in the last column of its truth table is called a contradiction. Contingency: A statement which is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is called contingency. Logically equivalent statements: Two compound statements are said to be logically equivalent, if their truth tables are identical.

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Finite set: A set which having finite number of elements. Infinite set: A set which having infinite number of elements. Cardinal number of a set: The number of distinct elements in a set is called cardinal number of the set. n The cardinal number of the set A is denoted by 'n(A)' n n(A B)= n(A)+n(B)n(AB) n n(A B)= n(A)+n(B)n(A B) n n(ABC)= n(A)+n(B)+n(C)n(AB)n(BC)n(CA)+n(ABC) Disjoint sets: If AB=, A, B are disjoint sets. Equivalent sets: If n(A)=n(B), then A, B are equivalent sets. Equal sets: If two sets A, B are have same element, then A=B. otherwise, A . Sub set: If every element of A is an element of B, then A is called a subset of B. It is denoted by A. n A and AA n n Total number of subsets of a finite set containing n elements is 2 . Super set: If A , then B is called super set of A. Proper subset: If A B and A B, then A is called proper subset of B and is denoted by AB. n If AB and B, then A=B. Power set: The set consisting of all the subsets of a given set A is called the power set of A. And is denoted by P(A). n n The number of elements in a power set of A containing n elements is 2 . Universal set: A set which contains all the sets of given context is called universal set, and is denoted by U or . Union of sets: The set containing all the elements in A and B. It is denoted by A. Intersection of sets: The set containing only common elements in A and B. It is denoted by AB. Difference of sets: The set of the elements which are in A and not in B is called difference of the sets A and B. It is denoted by AB. n AB n A(BC)=(AB)(C) n A(BC)=(AB)(C). Symmetric difference of sets: AB = (AB)(AB) (or) AB = (AB)(BA) Complement of a set: The set of all elements in the universal set is but not in A. It is denoted by A' or Ac. n A'=A n (A')'=A n A'= n '= n '' = (A)' n '' = (A)' n '= n '= Principle of duality: In equality of sets if we interchange , and , the resulting law would also be true. Venn diagram: pictorial representation of sets.

Laws of sets: Name of the Property Idempotent law Commutative law Associative law Distributive law Identity law Complement law Demorgan's law

Over Union A= A=B (A)C=(C) A(C)=()(C) A= A'= (A)' = A''

Over intersection A= A=B (A)C=(C) A(C)=()(C) = '= (A)' = A'B'

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2. Functions (Mappings)
Order pair: (a, b) is an order pair. Here a is called first element and b is called second element of the order pair. n (a, b) (b, a) n If (a, b)= (c, d), then a=c, b=d. Cartesian product: If A={a,b}and B={1,2,3}, then AB={(a, 1), (a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 1), (b,2), (b, 3)} n AB BA n n(AB) = n(BA) n n(AB) = n(A)n(B) Function: If every element in A associates exactly one element in B, then f:AB is a function.
A a b c f B 1 2 3 4 A a b c
f: AB is not a function

f B

A a b c

f B 1 2 3 4

f: AB is a function

f: AB is not a function

Domain, Co-domain and Range of a function: If f:A is a function then, (i) the set A is called domain (ii) the set B is called Co-domain and (iii) the set f(A) is called Range. n Range co-domain. n(A) n number of functions of f: AB is n(B)

Constant function: If f(x) =k xA; (k is constant), then f:AB is a constant function. Composition of functions: If f:A and g: BC are functions, then the function from A to C is called composition of functions f and g. and it is denoted by gof. n gof(x)=g[f(x)] n fog(x)=f[g(x)] n gof fog. n (fog)oh=fo(goh).

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Quadratic equation: ax2 + bx + c = 0 n Sum of the roots= b/a. n Product of the roots= c/a. n Discriminant()=b24ac n If > 0, then the roots are real and unequal. n If < 0, then the roots are complex or imaginary. n If = 0, then the roots are real and equal. n roots of the quadratic equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0 are x =
n n

b b 2 4ac 2a

The quadratic equation having the roots are and is x2( + ) x + = 0 If f(x, y, z)=f(y, z, x)=f(z, x, y), then f(x, y, z) is a cyclic expression. Remainder theorem: If f(x) is divided by (xa), then the remainder is f(a). Factor theorem: If f(a) = 0 then (xa) is a factor of f(x). n Sum of the coefficients of power of x in f(x) is zero then (x1) is a factor of f(x). n the sum of the coefficients of odd power of x is equal to sum of the coefficients of even power of x then (x+1) is a factor of f(x). n If and are the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (where a>0) i) The solution set of ax2 + bx + c<0 is < x < . ii) The solution set of ax2 + bx + c>0 is x > , x < or x < , x > . Principle of Mathematical Induction: If p(n) is a statement which is

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3. Polynomials over Integers

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One-One function: different element of A having different images in B, then f : AB is one-one function. Onto function: If f(A)=B, then f : AB is onto function. Bijective function: If f : AB is is both one-one and onto, then it is bijective. Inverse function: If f: AB is a bijective function, then f1 : BA is inverse function. Identity function: If f(x) = x xA, then f : AA is identity function. It is denoted by IA.

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(i) true for n=1 and (ii) true for n+1, then the statement p(n) is true for all natural numbers 'n' Binomial Theorem:

(x + y )
n

= nC0 x n + nC1 x n 1 y + n C 2 x n 2 y 2 + ......... +

n n r r

Cr x n r y r + ..... + nC n y n

The general term is Tr +1 = Cr x y .

n +1 The middle term =
th

2 term (if n is odd) th n n + 2 terms (If n is even) and = 2 2

Cr =

; (n r )!r ! 0! =1; 1!=1

n!

nCr = nCn-r If nCr =nCs , then r=s and n=r+s

Pascal triangle Exponent of Coefficients binomial 0 1 1 1, 1 2 1, 2, 1 3 1, 3, 3, 1 4 1, 4, 6, 4, 1 5 1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1

4. Linear Programming
Objective Function (Profit Function): The expression ax + by which is to be minimized or maximized is called the objective function. Constraints: The inequalities, the intersection of the graphs of whose solution sets is the region over which we want to find the optimum values of the objective function are called constraints. Feasible Solution: The co-ordinates of any point which satisfy the system of inequalities (constraints and non-negativity restrictions) is called a feasible solution. Optimal Solution: A feasible solution which optimizes the objective function is called an optimal solution. Iso Profit Line: Any line belonging to the system of parallel lines given by the objective function for various values of the objective function f is called an iso profit line. Fundamental Theorem: If the values of the expression f = ax + by are considered over the set of points constituting a non-empty closed convex polygon, then the maximum or minimum of f occurs on at least one of the vertices of the polygon.

Y
Q2 (x<0, y>0) Q1 (x>0, y>0)

O
XI
Q3 (x<0, y<0) Q4 (x>0, y<0)

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5. Real Numbers
n n n n n

a0 = 1 aman = am+n
am = am-n an

(am)n = amn (ab)m = am.bm

m am a = bm b

am =

1 am

n n n

|x | = x ; if x > 0 = x ; if x< 0 = 0 ; if x = 0 |x | = a x = a or x = a |x | a a x a |x | a x a or x a
x a

Lt [f (x) g(x) ] = Lt f (x) Lt g(x) x a x a Lt [f (x).g(x) ] = Lt f (x). Lt g(x)

x a x a

x a

x a

Lt

f (x) = g(x)

x a x a

Lt f (x)

Lt g(x)

x n an Lt = n.an1 x a x a
x a

Lt

m mn x m am = a n x n an

Paper - I Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Name of the Chapter Statements and Sets Functions (Mappings) Polynomials over integers Linear Programming Real Numbers Progressions No. of Questions No. of Questions to be done 5 M. 1 1 2 (10M) 1 (5M) 4M.

(1-6 Chapters) 2 M. 2 1 1 1 M. 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 (6M) 4 (4M) Bits 5 5 5 5 5 5 30 (15M) 30 (15M) Total Marks 11 13 14 13 12 14 79 Marks 50 Marks

Group - A 1 2 1 Group - B 1 1 2 8 (32M) 4 (16M) 1 2 1 8 (16M) 5 (10M)

Paper - 2 (7-12 Chapters) Group - A 7 8 9 10 11 12 Geometry Analytical Geometry Statistics Trigonometry Matrices Computing No. of Questions Questions to be done 1 1 2 (10M) 1 (5M) 1 2 1 Group - B 1 2 1 8 (32M) 4 (16M) 1 1 2 8 (16M) 5 (10M) 1 1 1 6 (6M) 4 (4M) 5 5 5 30 (15M) 30 (15M) 14 13 11 79Marks 50Marks 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 14 15 09

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6. Progressions
Arithmetic progression: l a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, ........ a+(n1)d is a A.P. l d= t t = t t 2 1 3 2 l t = a+(n1)d n l Sum of n terms of A.P. is Sn = 2 [2a + (n 1)d ] or Sn = 2 (a + l )
n
l

A.M. of a, b =

Geometric Progression: a, ar, ar2, ar3,......, arn1 is a G.P.

l

r=

t2 t3 = t1 t 2 a(r n 1) (If r >1) or (r 1) a(1 r n ) (1 r) (If r < 1)

a 1 r

tn= arn-1
Sn = Sn =

S =

G.M. of a, b= ab Harmonic Progression:

1 1 1 1 , , .......... a a + d a + 2d a + (n 1)d is a H.P.

nth term is t n = H.M. of a, b =

n (n + 1) ; 2

1 a + (n 1)d
2ab a+b

A G H and G2 = A.H

n 2 (n + 1) 2 or 4

n = ( n )
3

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7. Geometry
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n =

n (n + 1)(2n + 1) ; 6

Similar Polygons: Two polygons are said to be similar to each other if n their corresponding angles are equal and n the lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional. Similar Triangles: Triangles having the same shape are called 'similar triangles'. Statements of theorems: 1) Basic proportionality theorem (Thales Theorem): In a triangle, a line drawn parallel to one side, will divide the other two sides in the same ratio. 2) Converse of basic proportionality theorem: If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third side. 3) Vertical Angle Bisector theorem: The bisector of the vertical angle of a triangle divides the base in the ratio of the other two sides. 4) Converse of vertical angle bisector theorem: If a straight line through the vertex of a triangle divides the base in the ratio of the other two sides, it will bisect the vertical angle. 5) Pythagorean theorem: In a right angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. 6) Converse of pythagorean theorem: In a triangle, if the square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, then the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle. 7) Apollonius Theorem: The sum of the squares of two sides of a triangle is equal to twice the square on half the third side plus twice the square on the median which bisects the third side. Alternate Segment Theorem: If a chord is drawn through the point of contact of a tangent to a circle, then the angles which this chord makes with the given tangent are equal respectively to the angles formed in the corresponding alternate segments. Converse of Alternate Segment Theorem: If a line is drawn through an end point of a chord of a circle so that the angle formed with the chord is equal to the angle subtended by the chord in the alternate segment, then the line is a tangent to the circle. Tangent to a Circle: A line which touches the circle at only one point is called 'tangent line' and the point is said to be 'point of contact'.

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Common Tangents of Two Circles: If a line touches two circles then the line is called common tangent of two circles. Direct Common Tangents: If the two circles are on the same side of the common tangent(s), then the common tangents are called direct common tangents (D.C.T.). Transverse Common Tangents: If the two circles are on the opposite sides of the common tangents, then the common tangents are called transverse common tangents(T.C.T). n Length of direct common tangent =
d 2 (R r )
n
2

Length of transverse common tangent =

d 2 (R + r )
2

n n

If r is the radius of a circle, then the length of the tangent from an external point to the circle at a distance of d units from centre is If a is the side of an equilateral triangle, then (i) height = (ii) Area =
3 a and 2 3 2 h2 a or sq .units 4 3

d2 r2

If 'd' is the distance between centres of two circles with radii r1 and r2. Condition d=0 d = |r1 r2| d < r1 + r2 d = r1 + r2 d > r1 + r2 Nature of the Circles The two circles are concentric Two circles touch each other internally Two circles are intersecting Two circles touch each other externally Number of Common tangents 0 1 2 3 ( 1 D.C.T.) (2 D.C.T.) (2 D.C.T., 1 T.C.T.) (2 D.C.T., 2 T.C.T)

One circle completely lies out side of the other 4

8. Analytical Geometry
n n n n n n n

Equation of X-axis is y=0 Equation of Y-axis is x=0 Equation of line parallel to X-axis at a distance of k units is y=k. Equation of line parallel to Y-axis at a distance of k units is x=k. Origin O=(0, 0) x-coordinate of a point is abscissa and y- coordinate of any point is ordinate. Let A(x1,y1) and B (x2,y2) are two points
Q2 (x<0, y>0) (, +)

Y
Q1 (x>0, y>0) (+, +) Q4 (x>0, y<0) (+, )

O
XI
Q3 (x<0, y<0) (, )

x1 + x 2 y1 + y2 , 2 2 y y y y 2) Slope of AB is m = tan= 2 1 = 1 2 x 2 x 1 x1 x 2

1) Mid point of AB is

3) Distance between two points A(x1,y1)and B (x2,y2) is AB = (x 2 x1 ) 2 + (y 2 y1 ) 2 4) Points of trisection of A, B are

x1 + 2x 2 y1 + 2y2 2x 1 + x 2 2y1 + y2 , , and 3 3 3 3

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5) P(x, y) divides AB in the ratio
x x1 y y1 or x x2 y y2

6) Xaxis divides AB is y1/y2 7) Yaxis divides AB is x1/x2 n The coordinates of a point which divides AB internally in the ratio m:n are
mx 2 + nx1 my2 + nyl , m+n m+n
n

The coordinates of a point which divides AB externally in the ratio m : n are

mx 2 nx1 my2 nyl , mn mn

For the line ax+by+c=0, (i) slope = a/b (ii) X intercept is c/a (iii) Y intercept is c/b

Standard forms of straight lines: 1) Two-points form: y y1 =

y 2 y1 (x x 1 ) x 2 x1

2) Point-slope form of a line: y y1= m(x x1) 3) Slope form or gradient form: y= mx 4) Slope-intercept form: y= mx+c 5) Intercept form:
x y + =1 a b

G=
n

x1 + x 2 + x3 y1` + y2 + y3 , 3 3

Area of triangle formed by the vertices A(x1,y1); B (x2,y2) and C(x3, y3) is x1 y 1 x2 y2 x3 y3 (or) (x1 x3) (y1 y3)
Sq.Units

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x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3

6) General form: ax+by+c=0. n Let m1, m2 are slopes of two lines. (i)If m1=m2, then the two lines are parallel (ii) If m1m2= 1, then the two lines are perpendicular. n Equation of straight line parallel to ax+by+c=0 and passing through the point (x1,y1) is a(xx1)+b(yy1)=0 n Equation of straight line perpendicular to ax+by+c=0 and passing through the point (x1, y1) is b(xx1)a(yy1)=0. n Point of intersection of lines: The common point of two lines. n Collinear points: The set of points which lies on a same straight line are called collinear points. n If the points A,B,C are collinear, then i) AB+BC=AC or ii) Slope of AB = slope of BC = slope of CA (or) iii) Area of ABC = O. Non-Collinear Points: The points which are not lies on a Same line are called non-collinear points. n Centroid: The point of concurrence of medians of a triangle is called centroid and it is denoted by G. centroid of triangle formed by the vertices A(x1,y1); B(x2, y2) and C (x3,y3) is

(x1 x2) ( y y ) 1 2

Area of quadrilateral formed by the vertices A (x1, y1) ; B(x2, y2) ; C (x3,y3) and D (x4, y4) is x1 y 1 x4 y4 x1 y1
Sq.Units

(or) (x1 x3) (y1 y3) ( x2x4) (y2 y4)

Fourth vertex of a quadrilateral formed by A (x1,y1); B(x2,y2); C(x3,y3) taken in order is D = (x1x2+x3, y1y2+y3). Area of the triangle formed by
x y + = 1 , with the coordinate a b 1 axes is ab Sq.units. 2

the line

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Sq.Units Sq.Units

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9. Trigonometry
Measurement of Angles: 1. Sexagesimal System: n The angle of measure is a degree. n 1 right angle = 90 n 1 = 60' n 1' = 60'' n 1 full revolution = 360 2. Circular System: n The angle of measure is a 'radian'. n 1 full revolution = 2c = 360 n radians (c) = 180 3. Centesimal System: n The angle of measure is a 'grade'. n 1 right angle = 100g n 1g = 100' n 1' = 100'' Trigonometric Ratios:
Sin = Adjacent side oppositeSide ; Cos = Hypotenuse Hypotenuse

Hypotenuse Oppositeside ; Cosec = Oppositeside Adjacent side Adjacent side Hypotenuse Sec = ; Cot = Oppositeside Adjacent side T an =

Relation between trigonometric ratios: 1) cosec =

tan = 1 1 1 ; sec = ; cot = cos tan sin

Signs of trigonometric ratios:

IInd Quadrant (Q2) (90<<180)

Sin, cosec are '+ve'

Rest are 've'

Xl

IIIrd Quadrant (180<<270)

(Q3)

Tan, cot are '+ve' Rest are 've'

Yl

n n n n

Sin (A+B) = SinA CosB + CosA SinB Sin (AB) = SinA CosB CosA.SinB Cos (A+B) = CosA.CosB SinA SinB Cos (AB) = CosA CosB + SinA SinB Tan (A+B) = 1 TanA.TanB Tan (AB) =
TanA TanB 1 + TanA.TanB TanA + TanB

Sin2A= 2sinA cosA cos2A = cos2A sin2A = 2cos2A1

w. s

Ist Quadrant (Q1) (0<<90) All are '+ve'

X
IVth Quadrant (Q4) (270<<360)

Cos, sec are '+ve'

Rest are 've'

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2) Sin Cosec = 1; Cos Sec = 1 Tan Cot = 1 3) Sin2 + Cos2 = 1; Sec2 Tan2 = 1 Cosec2 Cot2 = 1 Values of trigonometric ratios: 0 30 45 60 90 T. Ratios Sin 0 1/2 3/2 1 Cos 1 3/2 1/2 1/2 0 Tan 0 1/3 1 3 Cosec 2 2 2/3 1 Sec 1 2/3 2 2 Cot 3 1 1/3 0

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sin cos ; cot = cos sin

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= 12sin2A
n

Tan2A =

2 tan A 1 tan 2 A

E
Angle of Elevation

Angle of depression

E'
forming an algebraic equation by eliminating from the given equations.

10. Statistics

Frequency: The number of observations falling in that class is its frequency. Class limits: Lower limit and upper limit of a class are called class limits. In class 50-60; 50 is the lower limit, 60 is the upper limit. Class interval: The difference between the upper and lower boundary of a class is called the class interval. Range: The difference between the greatest and the least observations of the distribution is called range. Arithmetic Mean(A.M.) 1) Mean of ungrouped data is
x=

2) Mean of grouped data is

x= f1x1 + f 2 x 2 + f 3x 3 + ......f nx n fx = f1 + f 2 + f 3 + ........ + f n f fi u i fi xi a where u i = h

3) Mean by shortcut method is

x = a + h.

1) Median of an ungrouped data is (or)

th average of n and
th

n + 1 2

items if n is even. 2)

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n +1 2

th

item, if n is odd

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Median the middle most item of a data after arranging either ascending order or descending order.

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Mode: Most repeated frequently item of a data. Mode of grouped data is

z = L+ z = L+ where 1 = f f1 1 C 2 = f f 2 1 + 2

Emperical formula: Mode = 3Median 2 mean

f f1 C (f f 2 ) + (f f 2 )

w. s

2 Median of grouped data is M =L+

11. Matrices
Matrix: An arrangement of numbers in rows and columns is called a matrix. Elements: The numbers arranged in rows and columns in a matrix. Row Matrix: A matrix having only one row. Column Matrix: Matrix having only one column. Square Matrix: A matrix having same number of rows and columns. Rectangular Matrix: A matrix in which the number of rows and number of columns are not equal. Null Matrix: A matrix with all its elements as zeros. Order of a Matrix: The number of rows and columns of a matrix. Identity(Unit) Matrix: A square matrix in which all the elements of principal diagonal are '1' and remaining elements are zeros Scalar Matrix: A square matrix in which all the elements of principal diagonal are same.

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N F C f

x1 + x 2 + x 3 + ...... + x n x = n n

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Transpose of a Matrix: A matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of a given matrix. Transpose of a Matrix A denoted by AT Symmetric Matrix: If AT = A then 'A' is symmetric matrix Skew Symmetric Matrix: If AT = A then 'A' is skew-symmetric matrix Equal Matrices: Two matrices are said to be equal, if their order is same and corresponding elements also same. Addition of Matrices: Two matrices can be added, if their orders are same. Multiplication of Matrices: AB is define only if the number of columns of A is equal to number of rows of B. Determinant of a Matrix: If A = , then adbc is called determinant of matrix A. and is denoted by detA or |A|. det(AB)= detA.detB c d Singular Matrix: If det A=0 then A a singular matrix. Non-Singular Matrix: If det A0, then A is a non-singular matrix. Inverse of a Matrix
n

a b

a b d b 1 1 If A = then A = ad bc c a ; c d

n n n n n

If det A = 0, then matrix A has no inverse. n (AB)1 = B1.A1 (A1)1 = A 1 1 A.A = A .A = I Solution of equation by using Matrix Inversion method: AX=B then X = A1.B Solution of equations by Cramer's method: If AX = B, then
x= | B1 | |B | and y = 2 . |A| |A|

Properties of Addition and Multiplication of matrices: Name of the Property Over addtion Commutative Property A+B= B+A Associative Property (A+B)+C = A+(B+C) Identity Property A+O = O+A = A Inverse Property A+(A) = (A)+A =O Distributive Property (A+B).C = AC+BC

Over multiplication AB BA (AB)C= A(BC) AI = IA =A A. A1= A1.A = I A(B+C)=AB+AC

12. Computing
Computer An electronic device that stores, retrieves and process data and can be programmed with instructions. Major components of a computer Input, CPU (Central Processing Unit) and output unit. Input units Any machine that feeds data into a computer. eg: Keyboard, Mouse Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU is the brain of the computer. The components of a CPU are 1. Arithmetic and logical unit(ALU) 2. Control unit, 3. Memory unit. Arithmetic and logical Unit It performs arithmetic and logical operations. Control Unit It extracts instructions from memory and decades and executes them. Memory Unit The memory unit is the part of the computer where data and instructions are held. Output Unit Any machine capable of repre senting information from a computer. Structure of computer.
In put Unit

Memory Unit

Out put Unit

Control Unit A.L.U

C.P.U.

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Software: The set of instructions of solving a problem by a particular method written in a language understandable by a computer Computer Languages: BASIC, COBAL, FORTRAN, PASCAL, C, C++, ... are some of computer languages. Algorithm: The sequence of instructions in step by step form, to be followed by a computer for solving a particular problem. Program: A sequence of instructions written in a machine code language. Logic: Logic is a method of thinking. Bit: A single '0' or '1' Byte: A group of eight bits Type of boxes used for flowcharts

Terminal Decision Process

Connector

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