Adobe Illustrator CS5 Skills Workshop Fashion Design Level 4 - Lesson 1 2011 - 2012

Contents
Vector and Raster (Bitmap) Explained New Document Setup Work Area - Menu, Panels and Artboards Tools and Panels Objects - Open and Closed Paths Brushes - Other Library View Modes - Outline and Preview - Joining Open Paths Closed Paths - Fill and Strokes - Caps and Corners Dashes - ALT - COPY Arrange - Jacket Task Pathfinder - Shape Modes - Compound Shapes Pathfinder - Pathfinders - Isolation Mode Layers Layers - Tracing Task Live Trace - Task Live Trace - Good Practice Paths: Erasing and Cutting Table of Understanding Resources - For Next Session

What is the difference between Vector and Raster graphics? The difference between vector and raster graphics is that raster graphics are composed of pixels, while vector graphics are composed of paths. A raster graphic, such as a .gif or .jpeg, is an array of pixels of various colours, which together form an image. A vector graphic, such as an .eps file or .ai (Adobe Illustrator) file, is composed of paths, or lines, that are either straight or curved. The data file for a vector image contains the points where the paths start and end, how much the paths curve, and the colours that either border or fill the paths. Because vector graphics are not made of pixels, the images can be scaled to be very large without losing quality. Raster graphics, on the other hand, become blocky, since each pixel increases in size as the image is made larger. This is why logos and other designs are typically created in vector format. The quality will look the same on a business card as it will on a Boeing 747 aircraft.

Jpeg file: Photoshop 100%

Ai file: Illustrator 100%

Jpeg file: Photoshop 400%

Ai file: Illustrator 400%

Adobe Illustrator CS5 within the Fashion Industry Although Illustrator can handle both Raster and Vector images, most design companies in the fashion industry still prefer to use Adobe Photoshop to work on Raster (Bitmap) images and Adobe Illustrator to work on Vector images, keeping the two separate. Photoshops Pixel based format is ideal for generating a more realistic feel to images therefore is the preferred tool for manipulating and editing photographs. Illustrators Vector format is not effected by resolution and therefore perfect for creating clean lines and shapes; ideal for print designs and technical specification drawings (flats). As both packages have their pros and cons, it is occasionally necessary to use both software packages when working on your artwork. One occasion maybe when trying to create a 3D wrapping of a print design within a technical flat, to create a more realistic dimensional effect. If you preparing your artwork with the aim of transferring it to the laser cutter or embroidery machine then use Adobe Illustrator.

New Document Setup Click on the Adobe Illustrator CS5 folder in the applications folder.

A dialogue box will open giving you a range of options.

Previously opened files

New document types

Select PRINT DOCUMENT from the Create New Column 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9

2 1

2 1 3 4 rid By Row G Arranges multiple artboards in the specified number of rows. The default value creates the most square appearance possible with the specified number of artboards.
Grid By Column Arranges multiple artboards in the specified number of columns. The default value creates the most square appearance possible with the specified number of artboards.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Name your file Ensure document profile - PRINT Enter number of artboards (working areas, this can be changed later) Select arrangement of multiple artboards - see opposite Select paper size or enter custom dimensions Select Portrait or landscape orientation Enter bleed if requiring edge to edge printout Select either RGB or CMYK depending on printer type Ensure raster effects are set to 300dpi

Arrange By Row Arranges artboards in one straight row. Arrange By Column Artboards appear in one straight column.

Work Area - Menu, Panels and Artboards

Document Window Displays tabs for open documents

Application Bar Displays useful menus and options

Control Panel Displays options for currently selected tool

Tools Panel Contains tools needed to manipulate graphics

Non Printable Areas Ideal for storage or work in progress. Printable Work Area (Artboard)

Panels More manipulation tools

Non Printable Areas Ideal for storage or work in progress.

Status Bar Use to move between artboards

Multiple Artboards

Here I selected 4 artboards during the document set up and arranged Grid By Row. View- Fit All in Window Later on you will learn how to create and alter artboards after you have created the document (not during setup).

Tools and Panels The following tools and panels I have selected are ones I feel you need to know in order to effectively use Illustrator for the purpose of creating technical flats or prints. There are other useful tools which you may wish to research and investigate at your own leisure. Panels Selection Tool Direct selection Tool Magic Wand Selection Tool Lasso Selection Tool Pen Tool Type Tool Line Segment Tool Shape Tools Paintbrush Tool Pencil Tool Blob Brush Tool Eraser Tool Rotate - Reflect (hidden) Width Tool Shape Builder Tool - Live Paint (hidden)
To select a panel if not already open

Gradient Tool Eye Dropper Tool - Measure (hidden) Blend Tool Symbol Sprayer Artboard Zoom Swap Fill and Stroke Fill and Stroke Colours Fill Options - Colour - Gradient - None Drawing Modes - Normal - Behind - Inside

Recommended Panels
Colour Appearance Brushes Color Gradient Layers Stroke Swatches Symbols Transparency Pathfinder Align

Click and Drag Some tools require you to click the mouse on the art board and while holding the mouse button down, drag to create the shape you require Single Click on the Artboard Some tools have both the click and drag option (above) and a single click on the art board option - try it on the rectangle shape Double-Click on a tool in the Tools Panel Some tools have other options which appear when you double click on the icon in the Tools Panel Hidden Tools When you see a black triangle in the bottom right hand corner of the tool icon, this indicates further tools are available for selection. Press and hold to reveal. Double click on tool icon had no effect with the rectangle tool Click and Hold on Tool Icon to reveal hidden tools Single click on Artboard allows you to manually enter dimensions Click and Drag on Artboard

Select the Rectangle Tool

Objects - Open and Closed Paths Illustrator uses open and closed paths to create shapes. Open paths have two end points while closed paths have none.

OPEN path using the pencil tool

CLOSED path using the rectangle tool

Closed Paths can be created using the default shapes in the tool panel and then manipulated afterwards Select the desired shape and either click and drag or click on the artboard to enter specific dimensions.

Open Paths can be created using the, paintbrush or pencil tool.

Paintbrush - with assigned properties

Pencil Tool - Standard Paths can be stylised by selecting the desired effect from the brushes window. If this is not open - MENU - WINDOW - BRUSHES

It is possible to save a new brush and also download new ones from the internet

The Pen Tool can create both open and closed paths

Brushes - Other Library Over time you will create lots of different garment notions and useful detailings e.g buttons, fastenings, pockets, stitches etc.. it is a good idea to save these on one sheet so you can quickly duplicate them without having to start from scratch each time. You can create and save your own brushes, by drawing a repeat pattern, selecting and dragging to the brushes panel.

Drag a marquee around the pattern to select it all. Drag and drop to the brushes panel. A pop up should appear. Scatter Brush: Disperses copies of an object along a path (more options available) Art Brush: Creates artist strokes when painting.Art brushes stretches a brush shape or object evenly along the centre of a path. Bristle Brush (CS5) Simulates the effects of painting with a natural brush, watercolour and oils. Pattern Brush: Work the same as a scatter brush, but foolows the path exactly. Stitch Library - WGSN It is possible to find downloadable libraries of detailings on the internet. Alternatively you can create your own. Open a new file and draw or place your details in a suitable format. Drag all details to brush window. When completed go to SAVE BRUSHES. To load up when working on a new document, click on OTHER LIBRARY and find your newly saved detail file.

Stitches in Preview Mode

Stitches in Outline Mode

View Modes Outline view enable you to view your work by only displaying the paths and NOT any stylisation which may be applied. Notice the difference of the two open paths when the view mode is changed.

Preview Mode: Showing stylisation of the paintbrush path (Top Path)

Outline Mode: Showing Paths only

To alternate between view modes - Menu - View - (Outline) or (Preview) Keyboard Shortcut This is useful for ease of selection as you artwork develops Joining Open Paths It is possible to join the end anchor points of two separate paths to create one continuous path.

Using the paintbrush tool, draw two separate line (Click and drag x2)

Using the Selection Tool move one of the lines so the end points are together

Using the Direct Selection Tool click and drag a marquee over the two end anchor points

To join the end points, creating one path, click on the CONNECT SELECTED END POINTS icon in the menu bar. Alternatively MENU - OBJECT - PATH JOIN

Closed Paths - Fill and Stroke Select one of the shapes from the TOOL PANELS For Additional Options Single click on the artboard Click and Drag Click and Drag and use the key board UP and DOWN arrow keys while holding down the mouse button Draw the shape on the artboard - experiment with various STROKES and FILLS for effect

No Fill & No Stroke

No Fill & Black Stroke 2pt

Green Fill & Black Stroke 2pt

Stroke Options The stroke panel was introduced to you during InDesign, but for Illustrator and particularly for technical flat creation, we need to go into it in a bit more detail. Caps: These determine the ends of a stroked path. Only usable on open paths. Corners: These determine the effect visable at each anchor point on the path. Not end points.

Caps:

Butt Cap

Round Cap

Projecting Cap

If your technical flat appears visually inaccurate at the end of a path, try one of the other options.

Corner: The Limit effects the Miter Joint only and determines how far the stroke sticks out on a sharp bend. A thick line needs more room to complete a sharp point than a thin one does.

Miter Join

Round Join

Bevel Join

Dashes This powerful option makes drawing top stitching detailing and rib effects very easy. Depending on what settings you have for the weight, line caps, and joins you can create a stitched line, a skip line, or almost anything. You control the dash and gap by entering numbers in the dash and gap fields at the bottom of the palette. If you are just using one sequence, you can enter just the first two fields. 1,6,6,1 2,10,10,10 2,8,8 12,2 4,2,4,20 1,6 (ROUND CAP) An good combination for top stitching detail is (2,2)

ALT - Copy A good short cut to master other than copy-paste is the use of the ALT key to copy objects or paths. Select the SELECTION tool and click on the object or path you wish to have copied (shift click others to add to the selection). Hold down the ALT KEY Click and drag the object while holding down the ALT key Release the mouse button when happy, then release the ALT key Try this with a row of stitching and then GROUP together - move around the screen to reposition Quick method to create double row of top stitching. Select the double row of stitching and drag to the brushes panel - Click on PATTERN BRUSH and OK

Draw a curved line with the Paintbrush tool and apply your new brush

Your new pattern brush will appear at the bottom of the panel

Arrange When you draw a new shape it places it on top of the previous shape. Use the selection tool to move the shape into the position you desire. Altering the anchor points allows you scale and rotate the shape. By looking at how the shapes over lap each other it is possible to figure out the order in which the shapes were drawn. 1st - Green Star 2nd - Yellow Rectangle 3rd - Blue Pentagon 4th - Orange Circle

To change the order - select the object you wish to change - MENU - OBJECT - ARRANGE -

Grouping Objects Select an object you wish to group, and holding down the shift button click on additional objects you want to group together. MENU - OBJECT - GROUP to ungroup MENU - OBJECT - UNGROUP

New Order Circle Star Pentagon Square

Jacket Task Download the file: Jacket Waist Tie from blackboard Open in Illustrator and zoom in. Select the Direct Selection Tool and ungroup the image Separate the image components into individual segments. (Note: you may have to ungroup sub-groupings)

As you do this task, analyse the shapes, fills, strokes and order of the objects. Try to put the jacket back together again. You may want to change the colours and stylisation of paths

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This technical was downloaded from WGSN. There are lots of flats available to download, all of which are editable in Adobe Illustrator.

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Pathfinder The Pathfinder panel, found under Window > Pathfinder contains two rows of buttons, called Shape Modes and Pathfinders. Note: you can not edit the interactions between objects when you use a Pathfinder effect. Shape Modes: Provides a method of combining multiple objects. Pathfinders: Divide or split shapes apart. You can combine vector objects to create shapes in a variety of ways in Illustrator. The resulting paths or shapes differ depending on the method you use to combine the paths To Try: Draw three circles of different colours, enduring they overlap. Select them all by dragging a marquee over them. Experiment with the differing four modes. Shape Modes: Unite

Minus Front

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Intersect

Exclude

Using the SELECTION tool and double clicking on the new shape enters ISOLATION MODE. Here you can click on the objects and split them apart. Press ESC to exit Isolation mode.

Compound Shapes When you cover over the individual icons in the shape mode - it highlights another option available to you - Compound Shape. A compound shape is editable art consisting of two or more objects, each assigned a shape mode. Compound shapes make it easy to create complex shapes because you can precisely manipulate the shape mode, stacking order, shape, location, and appearance of each path included. Unite shape tool

Standard click on unite icon Outline path available for editing

Alt & click on unite icon - All paths available for editing.

Double click on shape and edit in ISOLATION MODE

Click the EXPAND button to fix shapes together

Pathfinders: Divide Using the SELECTION tool and double clicking on the new shape enters ISOLATION MODE. Here you can click on the objects and split them apart. Press ESC to exit Isolation mode.

Trim

Merge

Crop

Outline

Minus Back

Isolation Mode Isolation mode is useful for manipulating individual objects within a group or objects which have a clipping path applied (Clipping Paths will be introduced at a later stage). To enter isolation mode either: Double Click on the object you wish to edit or Layer panel menu - ENTER ISOLATION MODE The grey bar indicates you are in isolation mode

To exit isolation mode: Click the ESCAPE button or Click on the grey bar TIP: If you find things are doing what you want them do, check you are not in isolation mode, it is very easy to accidentally enter this mode.

Layers About layers Layers provide a way to manage all the items that make up your artwork. Think of layers as clear folders that contain artwork. If you reshuffle the folders, you change the stacking order of the items in your artwork. You can move items between folders and create sub-folders within folders. The structure of layers in your document can be as simple or complex as you want it to be. By default, all items are organized in a single, parent layer. However, you can create new layers and move items into them, or move elements from one layer to another at any time. The Layers panel provides an easy way to select, hide, lock, and change the appearance attributes of artwork. You can even create template layers, which you can use to trace artwork. The Layers panel You use the Layers panel (Window > Layers) to list, organize, and edit the objects in a document. By default, every new document contains one layer, and each object you create is listed under that layer. However, you can create new layers and rearrange items to best suit your needs. By default, Illustrator assigns a unique colour (up to nine) to each layer in the Layers panel. The colour displays next to the layer name in the panel. The same colour displays in the illustration window in the bounding box, path, anchor points, and centre point of a selected object. You can use this colour to quickly locate an objects corresponding layer in the Layers panel, and you can change the layer colour to suit your needs. When an item in the Layers panel contains other items, a triangle appears to the left of the items name. Click the triangle to show or hide the contents. If no triangle appears, the item contains no additional items Set layer and sublayer options Double click on the layer name to bring up more options.

Visibility Column Indicates whether items in the layers are visible or hidden (blank space), or whether they are template layers or outline layers. Edit Column Indicates whether items are locked or unlocked. The lock icon indicates that the item is locked and cannot be edited; a blank space indicates that the item is unlocked and can be edited. Target Column Indicates whether items are targeted for application of effects and edit attributes in the Appearance panel. When the target button appears as a double ring icon (either or ), the item is targeted; a single ring icon indicates that the item is not targeted. Selection Column Indicates whether items are selected. A colour box appears when an item is selected. If an item, such as a layer or group, contains some objects that are selected and other objects that are unselected, a smaller selection colour box appears next to the parent item. If all of the objects within the parent item are selected, the selection colour boxes are the same size as the marks that appear next to selected objects.

Name specifies the name of the item as it appears in the Layers panel. Colour specifies the layers colour setting. You can either choose a colour from the menu or double-click the colour swatch to select a colour. Template makes the layer a template layer. Lock prevents changes to the item. Show displays all artwork contained in the layer on the artboard. Print makes the artwork contained in the layer printable. Preview displays the artwork contained in the layer in colour instead of as outlines. Dim Images reduces the intensity of linked images and bitmap images contained in the layer to the specified percentage.

Create a New Layer In the Layers panel, click the name of the layer above which (or in which) you want to add the new layer. Do one of the following: To add a new layer above the selected layer, click the Create New Layer button in the Layers panel. To create a new sublayer inside the selected layer, click the Create New Sublayer button in the Layers panel. To set options when you create a new layer, choose New Layer or New Sub- layer from the Layers panel menu. Fashion - Technical Specification Drawings. It is good practice to use layers when creating you technical specification drawings, as helps to organise your artwork more effectively. As a guide I utilize the following layer structure. Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1 Notions Detailing Stitches Outline Clipping Masks/Graphics
A - Make/Release Clipping Mask B - Create New Sub Layer C - Create New Layer D - Delete Layer

Layers Menu

You DO NOT need to apply lots of layers as in Photoshop. Layers - Tracing Task Download the file: William Morris - Wallpaper file from blackboard. Open a New PRINT Document in Adobe Illustrator CS5 FILE - PLACE image onto artboard

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Click and Drag image to desired location on artboard.

With the object selected. Open the Transparency Panel. (WINDOW - TRANSPARENCY) REDUCE to 50%

Open the Layers Panel. (WINDOW - LAYERS) Lock the layer. Click on the Create Layer icon and rename TRACING.

You should see the following in the Layers Panel Blue highlights the layer selected

Using the drawing tools practice tracing the background layer. Try using the following: Basic shapes - Rectangle, elipse, etc Pen Tool Paintbrush Remember the paths will be open - try joining the end points of the path together to create a closed shape. Pencil (Note: this is not always nessessary) Experiment with the stroke and fill commands for effect. You may need to use the OBJECT - ARRANGE feature.

Here I used a combination of the above to create a representation of the floral pattern. With more time invested this would be more aesthetically pleasing.

Once you are happy with your drawing - turn the original layer invisible to view your creation. If no longer required you could delete the original layer by dragging it to the bin icon. Use to make notes:

Live Trace A very powerful feature of Illustrator which enables you to convert bitmap/raster images to a vector mapped version. Ideal for transforming hand drawn technical flats and sketches into a professional format which can be manipulated and edited. Using the William Morris Wallpaper file, place the image on your artboard and ensure it is selected.

On the Control Panel, click LIVE TRACE to apply the default trace. Experiment with the other presets for effect. Try altering the Threshold and Min Area - see what happens.

Default Live Trace

Black and White Logo

Default

Hand Drawn

Colour 6

Technical Drawing Photo High Fidelity

Live Trace - Good Practice For greater control and more accuracy, it is advisable to use the TRACING OPTIONS feature. To access this click the small downward facing arrow next to the LIVE TRACE button and select TRACING OPTIONS.

A pop up menu should appear

Click the Preview box to see changes as they happen. Experiment by changing the accompanying preset values. HINT: The Ignore White feature is very useful for separating borders or white background. Resource: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNx1FL0S-4g Try watching one of the many illustrator Live Trace tutorials available on YOU TUBE IMPORTANT: Once you are happy with your newly traced image you must first EXPAND the image and then UNGROUP if you wish to edit it.

You are now ready to manipulate the image using the selection tools available.

Paths - Erasing and Cutting There are various methods available to help you delete unwanted areas. Direct Selection Tool: Clicking on and anchor point then hitting the delete button would remove unwanted segments up to the next anchor point, though this can be difficult to control.

Here I have drawn a path using the paintbrush tool. With the DIRECT selection tool I have selected the end anchor point only. Eraser Tool

By pressing the DELETE button (backspace) the segment on the path from the end anchor point to the next anchor point has been deleted.

Using a curved path, this time I will select the ERASER tool to remove part of the line.

Click and Drag the eraser over the area of path you do not require. The eraser tool operates independently of anchor points.

Scissors (CUT) Tool

Using a curved path, this time I will select the SCISSORS tool to remove part of the line.

Single click on the path, where you want it to be cut (separated). Use the Selection tool to click and drag the two paths apart. You can click several times along a path for more separator points.

Table of Understanding

Activity or Tool Difference between Raster and Vector images Document set up for print Artboards and Work Area Tools and Panels Fills and Strokes Brushes Stroke Stylisation Object Order Pathfinder Isolation Mode Layers Live Trace Erasing and Cutting paths Further Resources Available

Tick to confirm understanding

Further Support

Resources for Further Study - For Next Week Books: Tallon, Kevin (2011) digital fashion print with Photoshop and Illustrator, London, Batsford Tallon, Kevin (2006) Creative Fashion Design with Illustrator, London, Batsford Johnson, Steve (2010) Brilliant Illustrator CS5, London, Pearson Education LTD ScreenCasts: http://tv.adobe.com/watch/learn-illustrator-cs5/gs06-using-the-blob-brush-and-eraser/ http://tv.adobe.com/watch/learn-illustrator-cs5/using-drawing-modes/ http://tv.adobe.com/watch/learn-illustrator-cs5/using-enhanced-art-and-pattern-brushes-/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0yNFH99cWg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Fs5a4L7goQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcVJ5ylipYs For Next Week: Keep practicing with the tools and features introduced in the session Watch some relevant screen casts and make notes Write down any questions you may have Add to your hardcopy folder - Interesting Illustrator artwork and Technical garment Flats.