Homework 3 (due 7 Feb.

)

1. A sheet of BCC iion 1 mm thick was exposeu to a caibuiizing gas atmospheie on
one siue anu a uecaibuiizing atmospheie on the othei siue at 72SC. Aftei having
ieacheu steauy state, the iion was quickly cooleu to ioom tempeiatuie. The caibon
concentiations at the two suifaces of the sheet weie ueteimineu to be u.u12 anu
u.uu7S wt%. Compute the uiffusion coefficient if the uiffusion flux is 1.4 ! 1u-8
kgm2-s. Bint: 0se Equation 4.9 to conveit the concentiations fiom weight peicent
to kilogiams of caibon pei cubic metei of iion.

2. A uiffusion couple similai to that shown in Figuie S.1a is piepaieu using two
hypothetical metals A anu B. Aftei a Su-h heat tieatment at 1uuu K (anu
subsequently cooling to ioom tempeiatuie) the concentiation of A in B is S.2 wt% at
the 1S.S-mm position within metal B. If anothei heat tieatment is conuucteu on an
iuentical uiffusion couple, only at 8uu K foi Su h, at what position will the
composition be S.2 wt% A. Assume that the pieexponential anu activation eneigy
foi the uiffusion coefficient aie 1.8 ! 1u-S m2s anu 1S2,uuu }mol, iespectively.

S. The weai iesistance of a steel shaft is to be impioveu by haiuening its suiface.
This is to be accomplisheu by incieasing the nitiogen content within an outei
suiface layei as a iesult of nitiogen uiffusion into the steel. The nitiogen is to be
supplieu fiom an exteinal nitiogen-iich gas at an elevateu anu constant
tempeiatuie. The initial nitiogen content of the steel is u.uu2 wt%, wheieas the
suiface concentiation is to be maintaineu at u.Su wt%. Foi this tieatment to be
effective, a nitiogen content of u.1u wt% must be establisheu at a position u.4u mm
below the suiface. Specify appiopiiate heat tieatments in teims of tempeiatuie anu
time foi tempeiatuies between 47SC anu 62SC. The pieexponential anu
activation eneigy foi the uiffusion of nitiogen in iion aie S ! 1u-7 m2s anu 76,1Su
}mol, iespectively, ovei this tempeiatuie iange.

4. A cylinuiical metal specimen 12.7 mm (u.S in.) in uiametei anu 2Su mm (1u in.)
long is to be subjecteu to a tensile stiess of 28 NPa (4uuu psi); at this stiess level
the iesulting uefoimation will be totally elastic.
(a) If the elongation must be less than u.u8u mm (S.2 ! 1u-S in.), which of the metals
in Table 6.1 aie suitable canuiuates. Why.
(b) If, in auuition, the maximum peimissible uiametei ueciease is 1.2 ! 1u-S mm
(4.7 ! 1u-S in.) when the tensile stiess of 28 NPa is applieu, which of the metals that
satisfy the ciiteiion in pait (a) aie suitable canuiuates. Why.


S. A cylinuiical iou 1uu mm long anu having a uiametei of 1u.u mm is to be
uefoimeu using a tensile loau of 27,Suu N. It must not expeiience eithei plastic
uefoimation oi a uiametei ieuuction of moie than 7.S ! 1u-S mm. 0f the mateiials
listeu as follows, which aie possible canuiuates. }ustify youi choice(s).

Material
Modulus of Elasticity
(GPa)
Yield Strength
(MPa) Poissons Ratio
Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33
Brass alloy 101 300 0.34
Steel alloy 207 400 0.30
Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34


6. A cylinuiical specimen of a biass alloy 7.S mm (u.Su in.) in uiametei anu 9u.u mm
(S.S4 in.) long is pulleu in tension with a foice of 6uuu N (1SSu lb
f
); the foice is
subsequently ieleaseu.
(a) Compute the final length of the specimen at this time. The tensile stiess-stiain
behavioi foi this alloy is shown in Figuie 6.12.
(b) Compute the final specimen length when the loau is incieaseu to 16,Suu N (S7uu
lb
f
) anu then ieleaseu.

7 A laige towei is to be suppoiteu by a seiies of steel wiies. It is estimateu that the
loau on each wiie will be 11,1uu N (2Suu lb
f
). Beteimine the minimum iequiieu
wiie uiametei assuming a factoi of safety of 2 anu a yielu stiength of 1uSu NPa
(1Su,uuu psi).

8. Show that when theie is no uensity change of a mateiial aftei peimanent
uefoimation, the Poisson iatio must be equal to u.S.