Q1- find out the safe value for load P carried by the joint.

the rivets are power driven shop

rivets of 20 mm at a pitch of 80 mm. The thicKNess of the flange is 9.1 mm and that of
the bracket plate 10 mm.

Sol. Nominal diameter of rivet = 20 mm

Gross diameter = 20+1.5=21.5 mm

Rivet value in single shear = 4 21.52 100=36.30 KN

Rivet value in bearing=21.5*9.1*300=58.965 KN
Hence the rivet value of ,R =36.305 KN
No. Of rivets , n=10
Rivet which is maximum stressed is which is at farthest distance from the N.A

F1 =10

F2= 2
= 1602 + 602 ==170.88 mm
2 =4* (1602 + 602 ) + (802 + 602 ) +2*602=164,000 mm2

e=200 mm
200 170 .88 .

F2=
Cos=

60
160 2 +60 2

16400

=.20839P

=.3511

The resultant force on the rivet should be equal to the rivet value
36305.03 =

2
10

+. 208392 + 2 10 0.20839 0.3511

P=139162.525N=139.162 KN

Q2. Design a bracket plate connection to support an end reaction of 200 KN. The
eccentricity of the load is 250 mm

Sol. Reaction at single bracket plate =200/2=100 KN

Let us provide 20 mm power driven shop rivets.
Assuming the rivet value in single shear is less then the rivet value in bearing.

Rivet value, R = 4 *21.52*100=36305.03 N

The thickness of bracket plate required , 36305.03=21.5*t*300
t=5.628 mm
let us provide an 8 mm thick bracket plate. The minimum pitch of the rivets
p=2.5=2.5*20=50 mm
provide a pitch of 60 mm
let us provide rivets in two vertical rows.
No. Of rivtes, n =

6100 250 10 3
60236305 .03

=5.867=6

Provide a total of 12 rivets on each bracket plate. Numbder of rivets in each bracket plate in each
row is 6.

For ISHB 150, the gauge distance = 90 mm

Force on critical rivet
F1=P/n =100*103/12=833.33 N

F2= 2
e=250 mm
= 1502 + 452 ==156.60 mm
2 =4* 1502 + 452 + 902 + 452 + (302 + 452 ) =150,300 mm2
100 250 156 .6010 3

F2=

Cos=

150 ,300
45
150 2 +45 2

=26047.9 N

=.2873

Resultant force Fon the critical rivet

F= 8333.332 + 26047.92 + 2 8333.33 26047.9 0.2873
=2.95408*104 N <36305.03 N which is safe.

Q3 Estimate the safe inclined as shown in figure. The rivets are 22mm dia , eight in number
and are hand driven.

Solution: The critical rivet will be rivet A as shown in figure being nearest to the load line.
Calculation of eccentricity: In fig
OD = FD-OF
FD = FB tan60 = 200 tan60 = 346.410mm
OD = 346.410 120 = 226.410
e = OC = OD sin30 = 226.410 sin30 = 113.205mm

F1 = 8 = 0.125P N
F2 =

113 .205 30 2 + 902

=4

30 2 +902 + 30 2 + 30 2

From figure :
= F1 AN F2 AN

 F2 AN + F2 AM = F2 AM + MAO = 90
Hence,
F2 AN = MAO = 1

30
90

= 18.4349

therefore, = 60 - 18.4349 = 41.5650

Resultant Force =

0.125

+ 0.2486

+ 2 0.125 0.2486 0.748

= 0.35201P
Gross diameter of the rivet = 22 + 1.5 = 23.5

Value of the rivet in shear = 4 23.52 80 = 34,698.89 N

34,698.89 = 0.35201P
P = 98,573.59 N = 98.573 KN

Q 4: Design a bracket connection to transfer a load of 150 kN as shown in the fig. The load is
acting at an eccentricity of 300 mm from the face of the column. Design riveted connections at
section A-A,B-B and C-C.

Sol.
Rivets along A-A:
These rivets are subjected to shear so:
Tension due to bending moment: 150 300 = 45000
Provide 22 mm power driven rivets in two rows.
Gross dia of rivets = 22 + 1.5 = 23.5
Rivet value Rv = 4 23.52 100 = 43375.614
s = 2.5 = 2.5 22 = 55 65
n = 6/( )
=

64500 10 3
26543373 .624

= 6.919 7

Provide seven rivets in each row.

Depth of bracket plate: For 22 mm rivets min edge dis is 32 mm.

Provide edge dis = 40 mm

Depth of bracket plate = 65 6 + 2 40 = 470
h = 470 40 = 430 mm
Neutral axis is assumed to lie at h/7 from the bottom i.e. at =

430
7

= 61.42 mm

= 2 65 + 40 61.42 + 130 + 40 61.42 + 195 + 40 61.42 + 260 + 40

61.42 + 325 + 40 61.25 + 390 + 40 61.42 = 2472.96
2 = 657502.6 2
M =

2
2

1+

= 38993.865 103 Nmm

Tensile stress in the critical rivet:

, =

38993 .865 10 3 368 .58

23.52 657502 .6
4

= 50.375 N/mm2

Shear stress in the critical rivet:

, =
Check
Or

,

24.7
100

150 10 3

23.52 657502 .6
4

50.397
100

= 24.70 N/mm2

1.4

= 1.7509 1.4
Thus safe.

Rivets along B-B:

Rivets are subjected to shear due to the eccentric load of 150 kN.
e = 225 mm
M = 150 225 = 33750
n = 6/( )
Rivets are in double shear, so assume thickness of angles and bracket plate to be 10 mm.

Assume dia of rivet = 22 mm

Gross Dia = 23.5 mm

Value of rivet in shear = 2 4 23.52 100 = 86747.227

Value of rivet in bearing = 23.5 10 300 = 70500
Rivet Value Rv = 70500 N
Assume pitch = 65 mm
n=

10 3

6 33750 65170500 = 6.64 7

Provide 7 rivets at a pitch of 65 mm and edge dis of 40 mm

F1 =
F2 =

150
7

= 21.42
=

33750 195
2[ 65

2+

265 2 + 365 2 ]

= 55.63

Resultant force = 1 2 + 2 2
= (21.42)2 + (55.63)2 = 59.61 < 70.5 kN
Which is safe.
Rivets along C-C :
The rivets are subjected to an eccentric load of 150 kN. The rivet group may be assumed to be
subjected to a concentrated load load of 150 kN and a bending moment of 150
Provide 22 mm rivets at a pitch of 70 mm.
e = 225 - 2 70 = 85 mm
M = 150 85 = 12750
F1 =
F2 =

150
5

= 30

12750 140
2[ 70 2 + 270 2 ]

Resultant force = F1+F2 = 66.42 < 70.5 kN

Which is safe.

= 36.42

Q6:- Design a seat connection for a beam end reaction of 84 KN. The beam section is I.S.M.B
250@365.9 N/M connected to the flange of the column section I.S.H.B 200@365.9 N/m.
A) Provide riveted connections

Sol:I.S.M.B
125mm
6.9
27.95mm
12.5mm
65mm

B
t
h2
T
g
Seat angle:-

Length of theseat angle = width of beam flange =125 mm

Bearinf length,b=

-3h2<

= .75 fy=187.5N/mm2
b = ((841000)(187.56.9))-(327.95)
Therefore, the bearing length required is 32.46 mm.

I.S.H.B
200 mm
6.1
9.00mm
55mm

Provide a seat leg length of 75 mm. provide a clearance of 10 mm between the beam and the
column flange.
The relevant properties of the nagle section from I.S. handbook No. 1
r1 == 9 mm, A = 1902 mm2
e1 = eccentricity = 10+(b/2)-t-r1
Assukme a 10 mm thick seat angle
e1 = 10+(32.46/2)-10-9 = 7.23 mm
t = 12.55mm >10mm
Connections
A) Lets us provide 20 mm power driven rivets
Gross diameter=20+1.5 = 21.5mm
Strength of the rivet in single shear = (21.521.5100)4 = 36305.04 N
Strength of the rivet in bearing = 21.59300 = 58050 N
Rivet value = 36,305.03 N
The number of rivets required to connect the flange of the column with the seat angle,
n = (841000)(36305.03) = 2.313=4 rivets
The minimum pitch = 2.5 = 2.520 = 50mm
Minimum edge distance for 20 mm rivets is 29 mm

Q7. An I.S.M.B. 350@514N/mm is to join a column I.S.H.B 300@576.8N/mm. The beam has
to transmit an end reaction of 230kN. Design a stiffened seat connection.

Sol: The relevant properties of the sections are:

I.S.M.B. 350

I.S.H.B 300

140

250

14.2

10.6

8.1

7.6

h2

31

80

Length of seat angle = width of beam flange = 140mm

1

b 2 x
1
2

2301000

187 .58.1

= x

2301000

b= - 3 h2= 187 .58.1 - 331 = 97.746mm (more than 75.72mm)

Provide a clearance of 10mm.
Length of outstanding leg required= 97.746+10=107.746mm
Provide a leg length of 115mm.
Provide a seat angle 150 x 115 x 12mm.
Stiffener angle:
Bearing area required for stiffener angle=

2301000
187 .5

= 1226.66mm2

Let us select two I.S.A 90 x 60 x 8mm.

Area provided by stiffening legs of the angles= 2 x 90 x 8 = 1440mm2
Length of outstanding leg= 90-8=82mm
Thickness of angle, t=8mm
82

Outstanding ratio= 8 =10.2 (<16), which is safe.

Distance of end reaction from column flange, exx = 57.5mm
Stiffener angles provide some rigidity to the seat angle and the reaction is assumed to act at the
middle of the seat leg. Thus the eccentricity is increased.
Let us provide 22mm dia. rivets at 70mm pitch.

Value of rivet in shear= 4 23.5 23.5 100 = 43373.61N

Value of rivet in bearing= 23.5 x 8 x 300 = 56400N
Rivet value, Rv= 43373.61N
Let us provide rivets in two rows.

n=

6 230 1000 57.5

70 2 43373 .61

= 3.614 4 rivets.

Provide 4 rivets in each row.

Depth of stiffener angle= 3 x 70 + 2 x 40 = 290mm
Neutral axis lie at h/7=250/7= 35.714mm
Shear force in each rivet, F1=

230 10000
8

= 28.750 x 1000 N

28.750 1000

vf, cal = 23.5 23.5 = 66.28N/mm2

4

= 2 x

40 35.714 + 110 35.714 + (250 35.714) = 874.288mm

2 = 2 x [4.2862 + 74.2862 + 214.2862] = 144547.44mm2

M =

2
+
2

874 .288
144547 .44

= 11560.206 x 1000Nmm

F2 = 144547 .44 = 17137.56N

tf , cal= 39.51 N/mm2
Check:
39.51 66.28
+
= 1.0579 (< 1.4)
100
100

Que8:- An I.S.L.B 300@ 369.8 N/m transmits an end reaction of 260 KN to the web of I.S.M.B
450@ 710.2 N/M. Design framed connection?

Sol:- The relevant properties of the sections from IS handbook no. 1 are:I.S.L.B 300
B=150 mm
T=9.4 mm
g = 90 mm
t = 6.7 mm
h = 300 mm

I.S.M.B 450
150 mm
17.4 mm
90 mm
9.4 mm
450 mm

Connection of web of I.S.L.B 300 with angle

Rivets are in double shear. Provide 20mm rivets
d = 22+1.5=23.5mm
Value of rivet in double shear=(223.52100)4
Value of rivet in bearing=23.56.7300= 47325 N
Rivet value, Rv = 47325 N
n=

(26010000)(47235)= 5.504=6

Provide pitch of 65 mm
Minim,um edge distance from IS: 800-1984 for 22 mm rivets is 32 mm
Two framing angles are provided, one on each side of the web.
Provide the rivets in two vertical rows on the web cleat amgles
Minimum size of the angle leg = 232+65=129 mm
Provide two angles, (150115110)mm
Connection of framing angle to web of I.S.M.B 450
The rivets are in single shear. Provide 22 mm rivets.
Gross diameter=22+1.5=23.5mm
Value of rivet in single shear=(23.523.5100)4
Value of rivet in bearing= 47,235 N
Hence the rivet value, Rv= 43,373.61 N
n=(2601000)(43,373.61)=5.994=6
Provide 3 rivets on each framing angle at a pitch of 65 mm and edge distance of 40mm

Q9 A bracket plate is used to transfer the reaction of a beam to column flange as shown in
Figure. The bracket plate is connected to the column flange by a 6 mm fillet weld. Compute
the maximum load that can be placed over the bracket plates at a distance of 75 mm from the
flange of the column section.

Sol: Let P be the load which the joint can transfer through one flange. The total load
transferred by the bracket connection will be 2P.
Size of weld = 6 mm
Effective throat thickness, t = 0.7 6 = 4.2 mm
Let a = the distance of the centroid of the weld group from the left edge of the bracket plate.
2 200 4.2 100 + 200 4.2 0

a=

2 200 4.2 +200 4.2

= 66.66 mm

Polar moment of inertia of weld group

Ixx =

4.2 200 3
12

+2[

200 4.23
12

+ 200 4.2 1002 ]

= 1960.2 104 mm4

Iyy =

200 4.23
12

+2[

4.2 200 3
12

+ 4.2 200 ( 100 - 66.66 )2 ]

= 1120.12 104 mm4

J = Ixx + Iyy
= 1960.2 104 mm4 + 1120.12 104 mm4

= 3080.32 104 mm4

r = distance of extreme point of weld from the C.G. of the weld group
= 1002 + 200 66.66
Direct shear stress vf1 =

= 166.672 mm

2 200 + 200 4.2

= 0.0003968P N/mm2

Shear stress due to twisting moment

=

200 66.66 + 75

Cos =

3080 .32 10 4
200 66.66
166 .672

166.672 = 0.0011313P N/mm2

= 0.80

Resultant shear stress

=

0.0003968

+ 0.0011313

+ 2 0.0003968 0.0011313 0.8

= P 0.15 106 + 1.2789 106 + 0.7182 106

= 1.4656 10-3P
Resultant shear stress should not exceed 108 N/mm2
or

1.4656 10-3 P = 108

or

P = 73689.95 N = 73.689 KN

Therefore, the total load that the bracket can support = 2 73.689 = 147.379 KN

Qsn10. A bracket plate is welded to the flange of a column section I.S.H.B. 300 @630 N/m, as
shown in figure calculate the size of the weld required to support a load of 110KN.

Sol:
Let x = the distance of the centroid of the weld group from the left edge of the bracket plate.
t = throat thickness
x =

2200 100 +260 0

2200 +260

=60.606 mm
Hence , eccentricity = (200 60.606) +80 =139.394 +80 =219.4 mm
Polar moment of inertia
Ixx = 2

200 3
12

+ (200 ) 1302 +

260 3
12

= 822.466 104 4
Iyy = 2

200 3
12

+ 200 100 60.606

= 290.9 104 4

260 3
12

+ 260 60.606

In the calculation of Ixx and Iyy , the term

260 3

has been neglected. This is because its numerical

12

value will be insignificant , and will also lead to unnecessary complications in calculations if
considered.
J = Ixx + Iyy
= (822.466 t +290.9 t)
=1113.366
r=

+ .

= 190.606 mm
=

.
.

=0 .73132
Direct shear stress vf1 =

/
.

Shear stress due to twisting moment vf2 = . .

.

=
.

Combined stress =

The combined stress should not exceed 108 N/mm2

.

t = 5.06 mm
.

hence the size of weld = .

= 7.23 mm or say 8 mm
Provide 8 mm fillet weld.

Q11 A bracket plate 10 mm thick is used to transmit a reaction of 100 KN at an eccentricity of

100 mm from the column flange as shown in fig.Design the weld?

Sol
The joint can be designed as a butt welded or a fillet welded joint.
(a) Butt weld
Let us provide a double J-butt weld. Effective throat thickness ,
t= thickness of bracket plate = 10mm
In case of Butt weld,
d= /() = /( ) = 190.06 mm
Provide a depth of 210 mm.
Direct Shear stress ,
vf =

= 47.619 N/ mm2

Actual bending stress ,

b = =

= 136.05 N/mm2

Check
Check
, + <

= . + . = 159.098 N/mm2 < 250N/mm2

Which is safe.
(b) Fillet Weld
Maximum size of the fillet weld = 10 1.5= 8.5 mm
Minimum size of the fillet weld = 5mm
Let us provide a 6 mm fillet weld.
Effective Throat thickness = 0.7 = 4.2 mm
d= /( )
= 6 /( . ) = 257.17 mm mm
Let us provide depth of bracket plate = 280 mm.

, = . = 42.517 N/mm2
, =

= 91.10 N/mm2

= , + , = . + .
= 100.532 N/mm2 < 108 N/mm2
Which is safe.

Q13. An I.S.A 150 x 115 x 10mm is welded to the column flange as shown. It is to support and
transfer the end reaction of 110kN to the column section I.S.H.B 250@536.6N/mm weld.

Sol: For I.S.H.B 250, B= 250mm

Maximum length of the weld = 250mm on each side.
Let t= effective throat thickness.

vf, cal= =

N/mm

vf 1 , cal = =

N/mm2

The combined stress in the fillet weld should be less than 108N/mm2.
108=

+(

t= 2.526mm
Size of the weld=

Provide a 5mm weld.

= 3.60mm

Q14.- Design an unstiffened welded seat connection for a beam I.S.M.B. 250 @ 365.9 N/m,
transmitting 84 KN to I.S.H.B. 200 @365.9 N/m.

Properties

I.S.M.B. 250
125 mm
6.9 mm
27.95 mm
12.5 mm
65 mm

B
t
h2
T
g

I.S.H.B. 200
200 mm
6.1 mm
9 mm
55 mm

Seat angle
Length of seat angle= width of beam flange = 125mm
Bearing length, b =

- 3h2 >

p = .75 X fy = .75 X 250 = 187.5 N/mm2

b=

= X . . = 32.46 mm

. .

- 3 X 27.95 = 16.516 mm < 32.46 mm

therefore b = 32.46 mm
Provide a seat length of 75 mm. Provide a clearance of 10mm between the beam and column
flange
Let take angle section 125 X 75 X 10 mm.
r1= 9 mm , A = 1902 mm2
Assume 10mm thick seat angle
e1 = 10 +

- t r1 = 10 +

10 9 = 7.23 mm

t = 6Re1/(Bbs) = ( 6 X 84 X 1000 X 7.23)/ (125 X 185) = 12.55 mm >10 mm

Therefore it is not safe . Now provide I.S.A. 150 X 75 X 12 mm.
r1= 10mm , A= 2562 mm2
e1 = 10 +

- 12 -10 = 4.23 mm

t = (6 X 84X 1000 X 4.23)/ (125 X 185) = 9.60 mm<12 mm

Hence safe
ConnectionLength of vertical legs = 150 mm

Vertical shear/mm, vf1 = = 280 N/mm

Horizontal shear/mm , vf2 =

= 47.376 N/mm

Resultant shear stress/mm = 2802+ 47.3762 = 283.98 N/mm

The resultant shear /mm = strength of weld/mm
= .7 X S X 108 = 75.6 X S N/mm
75.6 S = 283.98
S = 3.756 mm < 5mm
Provide 5mm fillet weld

Q 15. Design a stiffened seat connection to join I.S.M.B. 350 @ 514 N/m with a column
section I.S.H.B. 300@ 576.8 N/m. The beam has to transmit an end reaction of 230 KN.

Properties
B
T
t
h2
g

I.S.M.B. 350
140 mm
14.2 mm
8.1 mm
31 mm
80 mm

I.S.H.B. 300
250 mm
10.6 mm
7.6 mm

Seat angle
Length of seat angle= width of beam flange = 140 mm
Bearing length, b =

- 3h2 >

p = .75 X fy = .75 X 250 = 187.5 N/mm2

= X . . = 75.72 mm

b=

. .

- 3 X 31 = 97.746 mm > 75.72 mm

Provide a clearance of 10 mm
Width of seat plate = 97.746 + 10 = 107.746 mm
Adopt width of seat = 120mm
Thickness of seat plate = thickness of beam flange = 14.2 mm = 16 mm

Provide a seat plate 120 X 16 mm

Thickness of stiffening plate = thickness of beam web = 8.1 mm =10 mm
Provide a stiffner plate 200 X10 mm.

Distance of end reaction from outer end of seat plate = 120 - X 97.746 = 71.127 mm
Bending moment, M = 230 X 71.127 = 16359.21 KN-mm
Width of flange of beam = 140 mm

C.G. of weld group ,y1 = +() = 78.43 mm

y2 = 200 78.43 = 121.57mm
Ixx = [1 X (120 -10) X 78.432 + 2 X
mm4

X 1+ 2 X 200 X (121.57 100)2] = 219.62 X 104

Vertical shear, vf1 = + = 450.98 N/mm

.

Horizontal shear, vf2 = . X 78.43 = 584.249 N/mm

Provide a 10mm fillet weld to make a connection
Provide a nominal flange cleat 100 X 100 X 6 mm and connected by a 5mm fillet weld.

Q16: A beam ISLB 400 @56.9 kg/m carrying a total U.D.L. of 230 KN over a span of 7m.It is
to be connected to a flange of steel stanchions ISHB 250@ 51.0 kg/m.Design the unstiffened
seat connections. Take vf =100 Mpa and pf = 300Mpa for the rivets.

Sol:

Max. End reaction =230/2=115kN

For ISLB 400@56.9kg/m,tw=8mm and h2=31.9mm,width=165mm.

For ISHB 250@ 51.0kg/m,tf=9.2mm
Design of seat angle:
Length of seat angle = width of beam=165mm
p =0.75fy=0.75x250=187.5N/mm2.

Take bt=185N/mm2

Bearing length = b=v/p.tw h23

115x103/187.5x8 -31.93

= 76.67-55.25=21.42mm
b >B/2 >V/2p tw
b= 38.33mm
let us assume 15 mm thickness of the angles with its root radius r =10 mm.providing end
clearance of 12 mm,The moment at the critical is given by:
M =V x a=V(12+0.5b-t-r)
=115x103(12+0.5x38.33-15-10) =0.709x106 N-mm
Z =M/bt = 0.709x106/185 =3832.4mm3
But Z=lt2/6 ,where l = 165 mm
t =6Z/l =6x3832.4/165 = 11.8 mm
hence an angle thickness of 12 mm seems to be sufficient.Substituting t
=12mm,a=12+0.5x38.33-12-10=9.165mm hence M = 115 x103x 9.165=1.054x106N-mm.
Z = 1.054x106/185 = 5697.2mm3
Revised t = 6x5697.2/165 =14.4mm
Hence it will be proper to adopt a thickness of 15 mm for the seat angle.
RIVETS IN VERTICAL LEG:The rivets provided in vertical leg will transfer the shear load load
of 115 kN.Using 20 mm dia power driven shop rivets,strength of rivets in single shear
=/4(21.5)2x100x10-3
=36.30kN
Strength of rivets in bearing against 9.7mm thick flange of stanchion
= 21.5x9.7x300x10-3
= 62.565kN, rivet value =36.30 kN
No of rivets: 115/36.50 =3.17,say 4 rivets
Provide these in two horizontal rows of 2 rivets each.Use ISA 150x115x15 mm angle with
150mm leg vertical and 115 mm leg horizontal to support the beam.In order to hold the beam to
the seat ,provide 2-20 mm dia. Rivets one to each side of the web of the beam.Provide top cleat
of ISA 100x75x8mm,with its 100 mm side hoirizontal and join it with 2 rivets of 20 mm dia. On
each leg.