PRESENT *Rumus: 1) 2) 3)

TENSES Positif Negatif (+) (-) Introgatif(?) = = S+V1(es/s)+O S+Do/does+Not+V1+O =Do/does+S+V1+O

*Example: 1. (+) He writes a letter every month (-) He doesnt writes a letter every month (?) Dors he writes a letter every month? 2. (+) She teaches English every week () She doesnt teaches English every week (?) Does she teaches English every week? 3.(+) They studys matematic every day () They dont studys matematic every day (?) Do they studys matematic every day? 4.(+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday () She doesnt works in the office every Monday to Saturday (?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday? 5.(+) They go to Jakarta every years () They dont go to Jakarta every years (? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years? B.FUNGSI 1. Dilakukan Ex:(+) He (-) He (?) Is 2. Digunakan Ex:(+) A (-) A (?) Has C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: 3. Ex: 4. Ex: 5. Ex: PRESENT melakukan perbuatan is works every is not works every he works every untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran week has seven week has not seven a week seven untuk Time I I I A She often goes rectangular seldom goes usually get always to my has to school up at drink grand mother four by 5 TENSES kebiasaan: day day day? umum: day day day? Signal Usually oclock Always milk Often house Generally corner Seldom car TENSES : : : Do/does S+V.ing+O S+do/does+not+V1+O +S+V1+O

PRESENT *Rumus: 1. 2. 3.

CONTINOUS Positif Negatif Introgatif

*Example: 1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI (-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI (?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI?

2. (+) you are writing present continous (-) you are not writing present continous (?) are you writing present continous 3. (+) we are learning tenses (-) we are not learning tenses (?) are we learning tenses 4. (+) I am going to school (-) I am not going to school (?) Am I going to school 5. (+) Daus and Anis are running (-) Daus and Anis are not running (?) are Daus and Anis running

now now now? now now now? now now now? now now now?

B. FUNGSI PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi Ex: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now (-) I am not going to Jakarta now (?) Am I going to Jakarta now? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang bersifat sementara Ex: (+) Chindy is writing now but he will explain soon (-) Chindy is not writing now but he will explain soon (?) Is Chindy writing now but he will explain soon? C.TIME 1. Ex 2. Ex 3. Ex : 4. Ex 5. Ex PAST *Rumus: 1. Negatif Introgatif SIGNAL Today teaching English now working right now When when I go to park Now to Bandung now Still angry to me TENSES Positif (-) (+) : (?): : S+Did S+V2+O not+V2+O Did+S+V2+O

: : Rina : :

Iam Rini is Roy He coming is is is

today Right

hear going still

*Example: 1. (+) Sarah invite me last week (-) Sarah did not invite last week (?) Did Sarah invite last week? 2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday (-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday (?) went I to Jakarta yesterday? 3. (+) You watch tv last week (-) You did not watch tv last week (?) Did you watch tv last week? 4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week (-) I wrote not letter her last week (?) Wrotw I letter her last week? 5. (+) It rain since at five oclock

(-) (?)

It Did

did it

not rain

rain since

since at

at

five five

oclock oclock?

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dimulai dan kejadian ituberakhir , pada masa yang lampau. Dan sampai sekarang ini , sudah tidak ada hubungannya lagi. Kejadian yang lampau itu, baik dilakukan secara berkali-kali atau sekali. Ex: (+) I went yesterday (-) I did not went yesterday (?) Did I went yesterday? C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: 3. Ex: 4. Ex: 5. Ex: PAST *Rumus: 1. 2. 3. TIME Last to to Last my English Last to CONTINOUS Positif Negatif introgatif (+): (-): (?): SIGNAL Year year Yesterday yesterday Week week Ago ago Saturday Saturday TENSES S+was/were+vVing+O S+was/were+not+v.ing+o was/were+S+v.ing+o

I Dini I She I

went went fineshed taught went

Yogjakarta my worked three here last home

last

lasr days

*Examp;e: 1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teachers now yesterday (-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teachers now yesrterday (?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teachers now yesterday? 2. (+) He was playing football yesterday (-) He was not playing football yesterday (?) was he playing football yesterday? 3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday (-) They were not working in the office yesterday (?) Were they working in the office yesterday? 4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I come yesterday (-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday (?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday? 5. (+) They were studying Biologi at ten Oclock last Friday (-) They were not studying Biologi at ten oclock last Friday (?) were they studying Biologi at temn oclock last Friday? B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang sedang berlangsungdalam waktu yang bersamaan di masa yang lampau. Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain (-) I was not going to garden when it began to rain (?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa yang lampau. Ex: (+) at three oclock last week, She was reading

(-) at three oclock last week,She was not reading (?) at three oclock last week,was she reading? c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu dan berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau. Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter (-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter (?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter? C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: SIMPLE *Rumus: 1. 2. 3. TIME Last at all FUTURE Positif Negatif(-): Introgatif (?): (+): seven oclock day last SIGNAL Week week Yesterday yesterday TENSES S+shall+/will+V1+O S+shall/will+not+V1+O Shall/will+S+V1+O

*Example: 1. (+) He will (-) He will not (?) Will he go 2. (+) I (-) I shall (?) Shall I 3. (+) I (-) I am (?) Am I 4. (+) She (-) She will (?) will She 5. (+) I (-) I shall (?) Shall I

Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning? shall study hard next mounth not study hard next mounth study hard next mounth? am go to Singkawang tomorrow not go to Singkawang tomorrow ga to Sngkawang tomorrow? will write this lesson next week not write this lesson next week write this lesson next week? shall go to Medan tomorrow not go to Medan tomorrow go to Medan tomorrow?

go go

to to

B. FUNGSI SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES a. digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan. Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow (-) I shall not go to Surakarta tomorrow (?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow? b. Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan syatu janji. Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow (-) I shall not give you book tomorrow (?) Shall I give you book tomorrow? c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat: Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams (-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams (?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams? d. Digunakan untuk menyantks\an meminta tolong kepada seseorang. Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table (-) You will not help me lift this table (?) Will you help me lift this table?

C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: 3. Ex: PAST *Rumus: 1. 2. 3.

TIME I I He will shall Next study in FUTURE Positif Negatif Introgatif (+): (-): (?): here next shall next teach work next

SIGNAL Tomorrow tomorrow week week Mounth mounth TENSES

S+should/would+V1+O S+should/would+not+V1+O Should/would+S+V1+O

*Example: 1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day (-) I should not go to Mojosari next day (?) Should I go to Mojosari next day? 2. (+) He would by a car the day before (-) He would not by a car the day before (?) Would He by a car the day before? 3. (+) He would come if you invited him (-) He would not come if you invited him (?) Would he come if you invited him? 4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday (-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday (?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday? 5. (+) She would have breakfast before at seven (-) She would not have breakfast before at seven (?) Would she have breakfast before at seven? B. FUNGSI PAST FUTURE TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau. Ex: (+) I should go to England last year (-) I should not go to England last year (?) Should I go to England last year? C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: 3. Ex: 4. Ex: 5. Ex: PRESENT *Rumus: 1. 2. 3. TIME Last He They I She They would would should should would by go come PERFECT Posituf Negatif Introgatif (+) (-) (?): : : go Last trip a Next to a car to if Semarang Paris the Riau you last last day next invited SIGNAL year year week week Before before day day Invited him TENSES S+have/has+V3+O S+have/has+not+V3+O Have/has+S+V3+O

*Example: 1. (+) We have learned English for two (-) We have not learned English for two (?) Have we learned English for two 2. (+) She has taught English since (-) She has not taught English since (?) Has she taught English since 3. (+) He has been to Jakarta (-) He has not been to Jakarta (?) Has he been to Jakarta 4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty (-) He has not a written a letter for thirty (?) Has he a written a letter for thirty 5. (+) I have just spoken to (-) I have not just spoken to (?) Have I just spoken to

years years years? 1988 1988 1988? before before before? minutes minutes minutes? him him him?

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu). Ex: (+) I have gone to school (-) I have not gone to school (?) Have I gone to school? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini. Ex: (+) I have learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000 (-) I have not learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000 (?) Have I learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000? c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi. Ex: (+) I have just read my book (-) I have not just read my book (?) Have I just read my book? C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: 3. Ex: PAST *Rumus: 1. 2. 3. TIME have I have finally, been He had Three drink medicine has PERFECT Positif Negatif (+): (-): Intrigattif S+had breakfast three started times to SIGNAL Already already Times a day Finally finally TENSES S+had+V3+O not+V3+o (?):Had+S+V3+O

*Example: 1. (+) The train had left before (-) The train had not left before (?) Had the train left before 2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she (-) I had not copied the lesson before she (?) Had I copied the lesson before she 3. (+) I had come home before I

arrived arrived I arrived? come home come home come home? week three

I I

(-) (?) 4. (-) (?) 5. (-) (?)

not come home before I week three I come home before I week three? (+) I had written this lesson before he called me I had not written a lesson before he called me Had I written a lesson before he called me? (+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my car When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car When my brother arrived, had I painted my car? Had

had

B. FUNGSI PAST PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau. Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three (-) I had not come home before I when three (?) Had I come home before I when three? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa yang lampau. Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here (-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here (?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here? C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: 3. Ex: 4. Ex: SIGNAL On On sunday morning, I painted my car When When my brother arrived, I had painted my car Before The train had left before I arrived After She told me her name after I had asked her twice CONTINOUS Positif Negatif Introgatif (+): (-): (?): TENSES S+shall/will+be+Ving+O S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O Shall/will+S+be+ving+O TIME

FUTURE *Rumus: 1. 2. 3.

*Example: 1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four (-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four (?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four? 2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow (-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow (?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow? 3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening (-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening (?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening? 4. (+) He will be working at this time tomorrow (-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow (?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow? 5. (+) She will going to be school together at seven oclcok tomorrow (-) She will not going to be school together at seven oclock tomorrow (?) Will she going to be school together at seven oclock tomorrow? B.FUNGSI FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES

a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana, yang dilaksanakan mendatang. Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow (-) I will not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow (?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow? b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada masa mendatang. Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow (-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow (?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow? C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: TIME SIGNAL nine a oclock tomorrow working at nine a oclock tomorrow morning this time next year next year, Peter will be traveling in Japan PERFECT Positif Negatif Itrogatif (+): (-): (?): CONTINOUS TENSES

I at

At shall be At this time

PRESENT *Rumus: 1. 2. 3.

S+have/has+been+Ving+O S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O Have/has+S+been+Ving+O

*Example: 1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002 (-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002 (?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002? 2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003 (-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003 (?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003? 3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time (-) She has not painting every day for a long time (?) Has she painting every day or along time? 4. (+) It has been raining since at six oclock (-) It has not been raining since at six oclock (?) Has it been raining since at six oclock? 5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was a child (-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child (?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child? B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990 (-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990 (?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan akan berlangsung sampiai sekarang. Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000 (-) I have not been studying here since 2000 (?) Have I been studying here since 2000? C. 1. Ex: 2. TIME We have been waiting for you since ne SIGNAL Since oclock For

Ex: 3. Ex:

She I

has have

been been PERFECT

studying This studying

English at his

for

over place

five this

tears mounth mounth TENSES

PAST *Rumus: 1. 2. 3.

CONTINOUS (+): (-) (?):

Positif Negatif Introgatif

S+had+been+vVng+O :S+had+not+been+Ving+O Had+s+been+ving+o

*Example: 1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her (-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her (?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her? 2. (+) I had been playing a football when they came (-) I had not been playing a football when they came (?) Had I been playing a football when they came? 3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable when he came (-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came (?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came? 4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours (-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours (?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours? 5. (+) I had been waiting for you since at seven oclock (-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven oclock (?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven oclock? B. FUNGSI PASTPERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga. Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet (-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet (?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. When Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been FUTURE *Rumus: 1. 2. 3. PERFECT Positif negatif Introgatif (+): (-) (?): : TENSES S+will/shall+have+V3+O S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O Will/shall+S+have+V3+O

*Example: 1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out (-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out (?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out? 2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get three (-) The game will not finished by the time he get three (?) Will the game finished by the time he get three? 3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow (-) I shall not have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow (?) Shall I have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow? 4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he came (-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came

(?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came? 5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house (-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house (?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu yang lain dimasa mendatang. Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book (-) By next week he will not have read this book (?) Will by next week he have read trhis book? b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan lain, dimasa yang akan datang. Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house (-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house (?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house? C.TIME 1. Ex: John 2. Ex: By FUTURE *Rumus: 1. 2. 3. SIGNAL of of this week next this book TENSES

will

By have

done week

next

the his work By he will

by

the

end end read

have CONTINOUS

PERFECT Positif Negatif Introgatif (+): (-):

S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O

*Example: 1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow (-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow (?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow? 2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths (-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths (?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths? 3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years (-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years (?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years? 4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one years (-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year (?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year? 5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow (-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow (?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang. Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year C. TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of this year Ex: by the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for four year 2. By the end of this month

Ex: By the end of this month, I shall have been working in this office for five years FUTURE *Rumus: 1. 2. 3. PAST Positif Negatif Introgatif (+): (-): (?): CONTINOUS TENSES

S+should/would+be+Ving+O S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O

*Example: 1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week (-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week (?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week? 2. (+) We should be going to beach the following week (-) We should not be going to beach the following week (?) Should we be going to beach the following week? 3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the following day (-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day (?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day? 4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon (-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon (?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon? 5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year (-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year (?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa yang lampau. Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day C. Last Ex: At FUTURE *Rumus: 1. 2. 3. TIME six oclock last week, I should be buying in this SIGNAL week supermarket TENSES

PAST Positif Negatif Introgatif (+): (-): (?):

PERFECT

S+should/would+have+V2+O S+should/would+not+have+V2+O Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O

*Example: 1. (+) I should have paif if I had come (-) I should not have paif if I had come (?) Should I have paif if I had come 2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked (-) He would not have sucses if he had worked (?) Would he have sucses if he had worked 3. (+) She would have graduated if she had studied (-) She would not have graduated if she had studied (?) Would she have graduated if she had studied 4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked (-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked (?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked 5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come (-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come

here here here? here here here? hard hard hard? here here here? here here

(?)

Would

hoped

that

you

have

paif

before

you

come

hare?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai bayangan saja. Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard (-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard (?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard? C. 1. Ex: TIME If They would PAST Positif Negatif Inttrogatif he have had graduated PERFECT (+): (-): (?): if they studied had studied SIGNAL hard hard TENSES

FUTURE *Rumus: 1. 2. 3.

CONTINOUS

S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O

*Example: 1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year (-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year (?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year? 2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years (-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year (?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years? 3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years (-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years (?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years? 4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday (-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday (?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday? 5. (+) The magazine would have been red by Anis (-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis (?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau. Ex: (+) By last lebaran I should have been working in that office for five years (-) By last lebaran I should not have been working in that office for five years (?) Should by last lebaran I have been working in that office for five years? C. 1. Ex: 2. Ex: TIME SIGNAL By the end of this week By the ed of this week, I should have come here By the end of this mounth By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated studied

Berikut 16 rumus tenses bahasa Inggris tersebut:

JENIS TENSES Simple present tense Present continuous tense Verbal RUMUS TENSES Non- Verbal (Nominal)

PRESENT

S + V(s/es) + O/Adv S + Tobe + Ving + O/Adv

S + tobe + Adj/Adv S + tobe + being +

Present perfect tense Present perfect continuous tense Simple past tense Past continuous tense Past perfect tense Past perfect continuous tense

S + Have/Has + V3 + O/Adv S + Have/Has + been + Ving + O/Adv S + V2 + O/Adv S + Was/were + Ving + O/Adv S + Had + V3 + O/Adv S + Had + been + Ving + O/Adv S + Will/Shall + V O/Adv S + Will + be + Ving O/Adv S + Will + Have + V3 O/Adv S + Will + Have + been Ving + O/Adv + + + +

Adj/Adv S + Have/Has + been + Adj/Adv S + Have/has + been + being + Adj/Adv S + Was/Were + Adj/Adv S + Was/Were + being + Adj/Adv S + Had + been + Adj/Adv S + Had + been + being + Adj/Adv

PAST

Simple future tense Future continuous tense Future perfect tense Future perfect continuous tense

FUTURE

S + Will + be + Adj/Adv S + Will + be + being + Adj/Adv S + Will + Have + been + Adj/Adv S + Will + Have + been + being + Adj/Adv S + Would + Be + Adj/Adv S + Would + Be +being + Adj/Adv S + Would + Have + Been + Adj/Adv S + Would + Have + been + being + Adj/Adv

Simple past future tense Past future continuous tense Past future perfect tense Past future perfect continuous tense

PAST FUTURE

S + Would + V1 + O/Adv S + Would + Be +Ving + O/Adv S + Would + Have +V3 + O/Adv S + Would + Have + been + Ving + O/Adv

Note: 1. Untuk tenses FUTURE dan PAST FUTURE ( Yang non verbal) mungkin sangat aneh jika digunakan kedalam kalimat, karena walaupun ada, tenses tersebut jarang sekali digunakan dalam percakapan sehari hari. 2. Untuk PAST FUTURE, Apapun subject nya, harus tetap menggunakan HAVE. Kurang lebih dimikian tentang rumus tenses yang digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Jika anda masih ada yang kurang paham tentang apa yang telah saya paparkan, silahkan tinggalkan komentar. 2. Cara yang mudah dalam menghafalakan ke 16 rumus tenses tersebut. Pertama kita harus hafal terlebih dahulu Nama nama 16 tenses tersebut, lalu kita lanjutkan menghafalkan rumusnya. Untuk bagaimana mengingat nama nama semua tenses tersebut, sudah pernah saya jelaskan dalam postingan sebelumnya. silahkan anda lihat disini. Lalu sekarang kita akan mempelajari bagaimana cara mengingat rumusnya. Disini saya akan menjelaskan secara poin poin, agar lebih mudah difahami. Ciri ciri kaimat verbal adalah menggunakan VERB dan Object Sebaliknya, ciri ciri kalimat non verbal adalah TOBE dan adjective. To be disini diasumsikan sebagai (am, is, are), atau bentuk satu. Ciri cirri kalimat continuous adalah TO BE + Ving. (am, is , are, untuk present. Was were untuk Past. Dan been untuk perfect continuous. Ciri ciri kalimat perfect adalah HAVE/HAS/HAD + V3. (Ket: Have untuk Present, Had untuk Past) Ciri cirri dari kalimat PERFECT CONTINUOUS ADALAH Have/Had + Been + Ving.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8.

Ciri cirri kalimat future adalah Will. Ciri ciri kalimat Past Future adalah WOULD. Note: Pastikan anda hafal semua ciri ciri tersebut. Lalu bagaimanakan kita bisa membuat kalimat dengan tanpa melihat rumus? Mari kita coba praktekkan. Kita ambil contoh, kita membuat rumus PAST PERFECT yang verbal.

1.

Semua kalimat disini diawali dengan subjek, maka kita harus menentukan subjeknya dulu. I+

2.

Setelah subjek terdefinisikan, lalu kedua adalah meletakkan Had dan Verb 3. Karena seperti yang saya jelaskan tadi ciri kalimat verbal untuk perfect adalah had + V3. Kita menggunakan Had karena kita mau membuat kalimat Past. ( lihat poin nomer 5) I + Had + Done

3.

Selesai. Mau contoh lagi? Baik mari kita coba membuat kalimat dengan rumus FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS.

1.

Seperti sebelumnya, kita tentukan subjek terlebih dahulu. Disini saya akan contohkan They. They +

2.

Ciri cirri dari Future tense adalah will. (Lihat poin nomer 7). Maka, They + will +

3.

Lalu cirri cirri dari Perfect Continuous adalah have/had + been +Ving (Lihat poin nomer 6) maka, They + Will + Have + been + studying

4.

Tinggal menambahkan objek atau adverb. (Walaupun tidak diberi tambahan objek/adverb juga tidak apa apa) Contoh di beri tambahan Objek: They + Will + Have + been + studying + English Contoh di beri tambahan Adverb: They + Will + Have + been + Studying + there

5.

Selesai. Pelajaran ini pada intinya hanyalah membahas tentang bentuk 16 rumus tenses dalam bahasa Inggris dan bagaimana cara mengingatnya yang mudah. Saya berharap anda selain menghafal

juga melatihnya dengan mencoba membuat kalimat satu persatu dari masing masing contoh rumus tenses yang sudah saya tuliskan. Saya yakin sekali, tidak lebih dari satu bulan, jika anda serius dan mau melakukannya, anda akan dapat menerapkan semua jenis tenses diatas tanpa melihat rumus. Sebenarnya, setiap satu jenis tenses, mempunyai penjelasan yang lebih luas lagi. Baik dari present tense hingga past future tense. Masing masing mempunyai cirriciri tersendiri. Dan semua telah saya bahas satu persatu secara lebih spesifik. Silahkan anda pergi ke Kategoritenses, dan bisa anda lihat satu persatu. Jika anda mempunyai opini atau pertanyaan, atau jika masih ada bagian penjelasan saya yang belum bisa anda pahami, atau ada penjelasan saya yang belum saya paparkan, silahkan anda tinggalkan komentar dibawah.