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Fire Safety Engineering

Module 6
Case Study 1 : Fire Water Network

EVALUATION OF FIREWATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, PETROCHEMICAL PLANT

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Objective
Assess the impact of a new LLDPE plant on the firewater network and firewater pumping capacity of the existing site

New LLDPE plant New storage sphere of iso-pentane Storage area of containers of iso-pentane Fire safety at the jetty

Scope of Work

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Methodology
Hazard ID Definition of credible fire scenarios Heat radiation calc. Theoretical required firewater demand Translate theoretical firewater demand into application rates of fire fighting systems Hydraulic analysis Recommendations

Methodology - fire scenarios

Pool fires

Gas jet fires

Vapor cloud explosion

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Methodology Heat rad. calc.

Methodology Exposure prot.

basic fire fighting strategy protect t t equipment i t and d structures t t prevent domino effect maximum heat flux that equipment can receive without damage threshold damage limit: 12.5 kW/m

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Methodology Theo. Firew. D.

20 18 16 w [l/(min m)] 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 q [kW/m] 120 140 160 180 200
NFPA prescription NFPA (from explanatory material) IP - Theoretical 75% loss DEP - not too windy DEP - very windy

Methodology Theo. Firew. D.

12 10 w [l/(min m)] 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 q [kW/m]
+ 114 m/h if flame impingement of jet fire

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Methodology Pract. Firew. D.

Translation of Theo Firew D into Pract. Fire Fight. Syst.

Methodology - Hydraulic
Piping network

RAW FIREWATER PUMPS

SEA FIREWATER PUMPS

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Methodology Pump Curve

Methodology - Hydraulic analysis

Principle of assessment of the firewater network and pumping capacity
1600

C=100
1400 Pressure at Node [kPa] 1200 1000 950 kPa 800

Node pressure in function of node demand

600

Required pressure 950 kPa

400 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Flow demand [m/h]

Main assumptions:

1. 2. 3.

C = 100 pumps curves required pressure = 9.5 bar

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Methodology - Hydraulic
Scenarios: Normal operation, operation raw firewater fire pumps and sea firewater fire pumps available Raw firewater not available, only sea firewater fire pumps available Shut down of the sea firewater intake, only raw firewater fire pumps available Black Bl k d day, no raw firewater fire pumps no sea firewater fire pumps available, only a mobile fire pump.

Methodology - Summary
What is governing scenario for firewater d demand? d? What is the quantity of firewater strictly needed? How can it practically be applied on site? What quantity of firewater will really be applied? Can the firewater piping network & pumping capacity cope with the demand?

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LDPE2 of work scope New LLDPE

New LLDPE plant New storage sphere of iso-pentane Storage area of containers of iso-pentane Fire safety at the jetty for an increased handling of ethylene by ships.

ir Dirk Smeets 15 mei 2009

LLDPE LDPE2 Scenario selection

Scenario n
LLDPE-1 Ethylene LLDPE-2 Ethylene LLDPE-2 Ethylene LLDPE-3 Ethylene LLDPE-5 LLDPE-6 LLDPE-7 LLDPE-8 LLDPE-9 LLDPE-10 LLDPE-11 LLDPE-12 LLDPE-13 LLDPE-14 LLDPE 15 LLDPE-15 LDPE2-1 LDPE2-2 LDPE2-3 LDPE2-4 LDPE2-5 LDPE2-6 LDPE2-7 LDPE2-8 LDPE2-9 Propane Xylene Xylene Xylene Butene Butene Butene Butene Butene Butene N-pentane N-pentane N-pentane N pentane N-pentane Ethylene Ethylene Ethylene Ethylene Ethylene C1008 C1007 C1007 C1004 C1004 C1004 C1421 C1421 C1419 C1419 (E8101) V8101 V8101 K8103 Final process V8407 P-8404 P-8404 V8409 Gaseous Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Gaseous Gaseous Gaseous Gaseous Gaseous 900 Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid 17 200 200 0.1 50 40 40 40 35 100 C2109 Gaseous 33 4.6 4.8 4.8 30 30 30 2.46 2.46 30 30 80 66 66 280 48.4 50.2 50.2 43 43 43 55 55 43 43 0 40 40 35 250 C2109 Gaseous 33 100 Pipe supply Gaseous 80 100 Pipe supply Gaseous 80 0

Product
Ethylene

Location
Pipe supply

State
Gaseous

Pressure Temperature Barg

80 0

Leak (mm)
10 (to LDPE2) 35 (to LDPE2) 35 (to LLDPE) 35 (to LDPE2) 100 (to LDPE2) 100 35 100 35 100 rupture 35 100 35 100 35 35 100 35 20

Frequency Fire type (Per year)

Jet 2.11E-3 Jet 5.34E-4 Jet 5.34E-4 Jet 5.2E-5 Jet 9.7E-6 9.7E-6 5.2E-5 9.7E-6 5.2E-5 9.7E-6 9.7E-6 5.2E-5 9.7E-6 5.2E-5 9 7E 6 9.7E-6 5.34 E-4 5.20 E-5 9.70 E-6 7.60 E-4 Pool Jet Jet Pool Jet Jet Jet Jet Jet Pool Jet Jet Jet Jet Jet Jet Jet Jet Jet

C
0

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LLDPE LDPE2 Scenario selection

4 selected scenarios:
LLDPE - pool l fi fire LLDPE - jet fire LDPE2 - pool fire LDPE2 - jet fire

LLDPE LDPE2 Scenario selection

Jet fire with Dleak = 100 mm

Huge size Short expected fire duration (few sec.)

Most water demanding fires with Dleak = 35 mm

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LLDPE LDPE2 4 scenarios for WD

Scenario LLDPE-11b Pool fire Liquid butene C1004 30barg 43C

LLDPE LDPE2 4 scenarios for WD

Scenario LLDPE-14 Jet fire Liquid N-pentane C 1419 C-1419 30barg 43C

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LLDPE LDPE2 4 scenarios for WD

Scenario LDPE2-6 Pool fire Liquid propane V-8407 17barg 50C

LLDPE LDPE2 4 scenarios for WD

Scenario LDPE2-6 Jet Liquid Xylene P-8404 200barg 40C

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LLDPE LDPE2 4 scenarios for WD

Unit Blending Purging/pelleting Ground area Mean heat flux Exposed area Water density TOT water TOT water m kw/m % l/min/m l/min m/h 325 < 12,5 0 0 0 0 1820 engulfed by flame 10 10,2 1856 111 60 15 4 1092 66 40 15 2,67 728 44 20 40 2 1456 87 1290 engulfed by flame 30 10,2 3947 237 60 10 4 516 31 40 20 2,67 688 41 20 40 2 1032 62 60 < 12,5 0 0 0 0 80 < 12,5 0 0 0 0 660 650 20 60 40 20 30 < 12,5 engulfed by flame 60 40 20 < 12,5 10 5 15 50 25 0 15 5 15 25 0 2 4 2,67 2 2 0 14,2 4 2,67 2 0 132 130 260 650 70 0 1491 140 280 350 0 1900 8 8 16 39 4 0 89 8 17 21 0 114

Reaction

Scenario LLDPE-14 Jet fire Liquid N-pentane C 1419 C-1419 30barg 43C

T2 Pit Purification Vent recovery

Instrument Marshaling Electrical sub-station Pipe rack 1

140 500 700

Pipe rack 2 FLAME IMPIGMENT

300

Total theoretical firewater demand = 16719 l/min 1003 m/h

LLDPELDPE2 Theo. Firewater demand

Barg LLDPE-11b LLDPE-14 LDPE2-6 LDPE2-7 Butene N-pentane Propane Xylene C1004 C1419 V8407 P-8404 Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid 30 30 17 200

C 43 43 50 40

mm 35 35 Pool Jet Pool Jet

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T THEORETICAL FIREWATER F DEMAND D

m /h 638 1003 587 926

Scenario n S

Fire type F

Location L

Product P

State S

Leak L

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LLDPELDPE2 Pract. Firewater demand LLDPE-14: jet fire Strategy

Fixed/mobile monitors Very flexible Fixed waterspray system for piperack Not easilly accessible

Practical firewater demand:

1 section of the waterspray of the piperack 6 fixed monitors 6 x 150 = 2 mobile monitors 2 x 150 = TOTAL PRACTICAL FIREWATER DEMAND 150 m/h 900 m/h 300 m/h 1350 m/h

LLDPELDPE2 Hydraulic assessment

LDPE2 - LLDPE
1 raw water pump - 2 raw water pumps - 1 sea water pump - 2 sea water pumps
1600

C=100
1400

1200

Pressure at J-043 [kPa]

1000 950 kPa 800

600

400

200

0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

2 sea water pumps - No impairment 1 sea water pump - No impairment 1 sea water pump - Impairment X3 pipe P-002 1 sea water pump - Impairment X4 pipe P-008 2 raw water pumps - No impairment 2 raw water pumps - Impairment X2 pipe P-019 2 raw water pumps - Impairment X1 pipe P-021 1 raw water pump - No impairment 1 raw water pump - Impairment X2 pipe P-019 1 raw water pump - Impairment X1 pipe P-021 Required pressure 950 kPa Maximum practical firewater demand Maximum theoretical firewater demand
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

Flow demand [m/h]

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Hydraulic Friction loss coef.

LDPE2 - LLDPE
2 raw water pumps
1600 1400

1200

C = 100

Pressure at J-043 [kPa]

1000 950 kPa 800

Required pressure 950 kPa

600

Maximum theoretical firewater demand Maximum practical firewater demand C=100 - 2 raw water pumps - Impairment X1 pipe P-021

400

C = 80

200

C=80 - 2 raw water pumps - Impairment X1 pipe P-021

0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Flow demand [m/h]

Conclusions & Recommendations

FIRE WATER PUMPING CAPACITY LLDPE plant & sphere area 2 raw FW pumps are required 1 (out of the two) sea FW pumps are sufficient to cope with the demand Black day
1 raw FW pump CANNOT cope with the demand 1 or 2 tugboat(s) should be available on site

The previous conclusions are only valid if:

The characteristic pump curves are realistic Provide pump test facility Conduct pump performance test (actual flow/pressure curves)

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Conclusions & Recommendations

Raw firewater tank capacity

Firewater available for at least 7.4 h

Firewater network
OK if C > 80 Flow test to verify actual condition & C factor

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