SUMMARY TENSES

tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words

Simple Present

A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak? A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: (s he speaking? A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak?

1. a tion in the present taking pla e once, never or several times. 2. fa ts. !. a tions taking pla e one after another. ".a tion set #$ a timeta#le or s hedule

al%a$s& ever$ '& never& normall$& often& seldom& sometimes& usuall$ if senten es t$pe ( )If I talk, *

Present Progressive

1. action taking place in the moment of at the moment& ,ust& ,ust speaking. +.a tion taking pla e onl$ for a limited no%& -isten.& -ook.& no%& period of time.!. a tion arranged for the future right no% 1.a tion in the past taking pla e once, never or several times. +. a tions taking pla e one after another. !. a tion taking pla e in the middle of another a tion 1.a tion going on at a ertain time in the past. +.a tions taking pla e at the same time. !.a tion in the past that is interrupted #$ another a tion $esterda$& + minutes ago& in 1//0& the other da$& last 1rida$ if senten e t$pe (( )If I talked, * %hen& %hile& as long as

Simple Past

Past Progressive

A: He %as speaking. N: He %as not speaking. Q: Was he speaking? A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?

Present Perfect Simple

1.putting emphasis on the result. +. a tion that is alread$& ever& ,ust& never& still going on. !. a tion that stopped re entl$. not $et& so far& till no%& up to ".finished a tion that has an influen e on the no% present. 2.a tion that has taken pla e on e& never or several times #efore the moment of speaking 1.putting emphasis on the course or duration all da$& for " $ears& sin e )not the result*.+.a tion that re entl$ stopped or is 1//!& ho% long?& the %hole still going on.!.finished a tion that influen ed the %eek present 1.a tion taking pla e #efore a ertain time in the past.+.sometimes inter hangea#le %ith past perfe t progressive.!. putting emphasis onl$ on the fact )not the duration* 1.a tion taking pla e #efore a ertain time in the past. +.sometimes inter hangea#le %ith past perfe t simple. !. putting emphasis on the duration or course of an a tion 1.a tion in the future that annot #e influen ed. +.spontaneous de ision. !.assumption %ith regard to the future alread$& ,ust& never& not $et& on e& until that da$ if senten e t$pe ((( )If I had talked, * for& sin e& the %hole da$& all da$

Present Perfect Progressive

A: He has #een speaking. N: He has not #een speaking. Q: Has he #een speaking? A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken? A: He had #een speaking. N: He had not #een speaking. Q: Had he #een speaking? A: He %ill speak. N: He %ill not speak. Q: Will he speak?

Past Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Progressive

Future Simple

in a $ear& ne3t '& tomorro% (f4Sat5 6$p ( )If you ask her, she will help you.* assumption7 ( think& pro#a#l$& %e might '& perhaps

Future !oing to

A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: (s he going to speak? A: He %ill #e speaking. N: He %ill not #e speaking. Q: Will he #e speaking? A: He %ill have spoken. N: He %ill not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken?

1.decision made for the future. +. on lusion %ith in one $ear& ne3t %eek& regard to the future tomorro% 1.a tion that is going on at a ertain time in the in one $ear& ne3t %eek& future. +.a tion that is sure to happen in the near tomorro% future 1.a tion that %ill #e finished at a ertain time in the future #$ 8onda$& in a %eek

Future Progressive

Future

Perfect

Future Perfect Progressive

A: He %ill have #een speaking. 1.a tion taking pla e #efore a ertain time in the N: He %ill not have #een future. +.putting emphasis on the course of an speaking. a tion Q: Will he have #een speaking? A: He %ould speak. N: He %ould not speak. Q: Would he speak? A: He %ould #e speaking. N: He %ould not #e speaking. Q: Would he #e speaking? A: He %ould have spoken. N: He %ould not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken? A: He %ould have #een speaking. N: He %ould not have #een speaking. Q: Would he have #een speaking? 1.a tion that might take pla e

for '& the last ouple of hours& all da$ long

"onditional Simple

if senten es t$pe (( )If I were you, I would go home.*

"onditional Progressive

1.a tion that might take pla e. +.putting emphasis on the course / duration of the a tion 1.a tion that might have taken pla e in the past if senten es t$pe ((( )If I had seen that, I would have helped.*

"onditional

Perfect

"onditional Perfect Progressive

1.a tion that might have taken pla e in the past. +.puts emphasis on the course / duration of the a tion