PHYSICS LABORATORY REPORT

EXPERIMENT 1.5 : USING DIGITAL MULTIMETER

NAME NRIC GROUP STUDENT ID LECTURER

: : : : :

NURAINA SAKINA BINTI ZAKRI 951010-11-5076 11SC2 1311171218 MR MOHD AZUAN BIN MOHD AZLAN

INTRODUCTION

Electrical measurements are essential techniques for trouble shooting electronic equipment/circuits. The three quantities of voltage, current, and resistance are the basis for most analyses of both constant (direct current DC) and time variant (alternating current AC) circuits. Frequency, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance are three additional factors related to AC circuits. Digital Multimeters (DMM) are convenient, accurate, portable, and durable. The multimeter can be used to measure direct current and voltages, alternating current and voltages and also the resistances. The different types of measurement and scales are selected using the dial at the center of the digital multimeter.

OBJECTIVE Become familiar with DMM functions and characteristics; and with the techniques for using a DMM to measure resistance.

APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT 1 variable power supply, 62 resistor, 51 resistor, 220 resistor, multimeter, ammeter

PROCEDURE

1. The output of the power is set up to 4V DC. 2. The circuit is set up as shown in Figure A 3. The supply is switched on and the reading of the meters for R1 are taken. The error on these reading is recorded by using the smallest scale division as an estimate. 4. The meter is moved to measure the current and voltages for the other resistors. 5. Based on Ohms law and combinations of series and parallel circuit. The currents and voltages are calculated. These calculations are compared with the measured values. 6. The percentage uncertainties of each measurement is calculated.

ASSUMPTIONS There is no internal resistance, r throughout this circuit.

RESULTS Voltage, V ( V ) 1 0.01 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.01 0.00 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average 0.007 0.003 0.00 1 0.01 0.01 0.01 2 0.01 0.00 0.00 Current, I ( A ) 3 0.00 0.01 0.001 Average 0.007 0.007 0.007

Resistor, R R1 R2 R3

DISCUSSION Digital meters have strengths and weaknesses. Digital meters are easy to read and more precise, but they require batteries or some other power source. Analog meters do not require power. Yet, analog meters do require frequent calibration and precision and accuracy varies from user to user. However, analog meters do have an advantage in displaying changes in voltages.

CONCLUSION The purpose of this laboratory was to introduce voltage measurement and dc power supply configuration. Voltage measurements were tabulated using a power supply meter, digital multi-meter, and volt-ohmmeter. The results were compared. It was fond that digital meters are easy to use and give accurate readings.