Prospects of Mountaineering and Trekking Tourism in Nepal

Submitted By:
Faculty of Management Public Youth Campus Tribhu an !ni ersity

" Field #ork $eport

Submitted To:

Suman Babu Panta

BBS %%%rd year Class $oll No:&''( )*am $oll No: &'++( T,!, $egistration No:-./.0&.&+++./++12/+'/3

%n the partial Fulfillment of the $e4uirement for the 5egree of Bachelor of Business Studies

5hobicho6er7 8athmandu "ugust7 /++9 Page 1 of 32

Faculty of Management

Tribhuvan University
$)C:MM)N5"T%:N
This is to certify that the field 6ork assignment report: Submitted by:

Suman Babu Panta

T,!, $egistration No,: -./.0&.&++./++12/+'/3 Class $oll No:&''( )*am $oll No:&'++( BBS %%%rd year

)ntitled

" case study on Prospects of Mountaineering and Trekking Tourism in Nepal ;as been prepared as appro ed by this 5epartment, This field 6ork report is for6arded for e*amination,

5ate:<<<<<<,,

<<<<<<<<<<< ;ead of the 5epartment Public Youth Campus 5hobichour 8athmandu

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"ckno6ledgement
This field work report entitled 'Prospects of Mountaineering and Trekking Tourism in Nepal' has been prepared under Tourism Management as partial fulfill requirement of Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS) Programs of faculty of Management T. . ! detailed list of authors" books and other sources which were used as references and sources in the course of preparation of this report has been included in Bibliography. # would heartily like to thanks to my respected lecture $r.%ari Prashad Shresta and Mr. &amchandra sedai and all other respected lectures of the campus. # am also grateful to the staff of 'epal Tourism Board" who pro(ided information and cordial support to complete this study. )astly" # would like to e*tend sincere gratitude to the known and unknown writer of the books and references that has been taken during the preparation of this field report. !lso my thanks goes to all of my friends for their regular moti(ation" support and help to make this report possible.

Thank you+ Suman Babu Panta Public youth campus $hobichour",at hmandu

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Table of Contents

Chapter-I
& %ntroduction 1.1 Background -.-.- .(olution of tourism in 'epal -./ Ma0or tourist attractions in 'epal -.1 2oncept of trekking tourism 1.3.1 Prospects of trekking in 'epal 1.3.2 #mportance of trekking tourism in 'epal -.1.1 Ma0or trekking area -.1.6 Season for trekking -.1.3 Possible trekking tourism acti(ities in 'epal -.1.4 Problem of trekking management -.6 2oncept of mountain tourism -.6.- Prospects of mountaineering in 'epal -.6./ #mportance of mountaineering e*pedition -.6.1 .*isting management problem in mountaineering :. -.6.6 Season of mountaineering -.3 Scope of tourism in 'epal -.4 Problem of tourism in 'epal 1.7 Prospectus of tourism in 'epal 1.8 Statement of the problem 1.9 ;b0ecti(e of the study 1.10 Significance of the study 1.11 )imitation of the study Chapter.%% $esearch Methodology 2.1 Source of data collection 2.2 &esearch design 2.3 $ata analysis tools Chapter =%%% 5ata presentation > "nalysis 3.1 $ata Presentation 3.1.1 Total tourist arri(al and tourist arri(al for Trekking 3.2 $ata !nalysis 3.3 <indings &.&1 / 1 3 4 4 5 5 5 7 7 8 -9 -/ -/ -1 -1 -1 -6 -3 -3 -3 &'.&' -4 -4 -4 &-.// -5 -5 ///

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Chapter %? Summary and conclusion > $ecommendation 4.1 4.2 4.3 Summary 2onclusion &ecommendation Bibliography

/0./( /1 /1 /6 /1

@ist of tables and Figures

Title of tables page no, -5 -7 -8 -8

1. !rri(al of total Tourist and Tourist arri(al for trekking:.. /. mountaineering from M;2T2! 1. Trekking peaks 6. =ross foreign e*change earning in con(ertible 2urrencies by fiscal year(/938>49?/941>46) 3. Tourism income in con(ertible currency by monthly (/941>46)/9

List of Figures Title of tables 2. Tourism in ome onverti!le urren " !" mont#l" Page no. 21 1. Arrival of total tourist and tourist arrival for mountaineering and trekking 18

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"bbre iation
@ <B =o(t. %!' %M= Mo2T2! MMT2 A !nd A <iscal year A =o(ernment A %otel !ssociation of 'epal A %is Ma0estyCs =o(ernment A Ministry of 2ulture" Tourism and 2i(il !(iation A Manpower trained by training centers

'!T! A 'epal !ssociation of Tra(el !gents 'o. 'TB &) T@M A A 'umber A 'epal Tourism Board ni(ersal &esource )ocator

A Trekking and Mountaineering

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C;"PT)$ %
&, %NT$:5!CT%:N &,& Background

DTourismC in the present world is a (ery fast growing industry all o(er the world. #t has been accepted in many countries as lucrati(e industry and this respect 'epal is not e*ception. Specially all land locked country like ours it is more than appropriate to ha(e declared DTourismC as number one industry. #t has been pro(ed past few years that Tourism is the only field in which 'epal is comparati(ely less dependent on other countries. Ee ha(e seen other industries coming to a stand still but Tourism continued relati(ely undisturbed to the surprise of all. ThatCs why there is a need to carryout study to promote mountaineering and trekking in 'epal. 'epal is situated in the lap of %imalayas. 'epal is located between the latitude the latitude /49//D' to 199/5D'orth and )ongitude 7996D . to 779-/D .ast and ele(ation ranges from 89 to 7767 meters. The a(erage length being 773 ,m east west and -81 north south which area is -65-7- sq. ,m. The country is bordering between the most populous countries of the world. #ndia in the east" south" west and 2hina in the 'orth. ThatCs why it is also known as land locked country and home place of natural beauty with traces of artifacts. 'epal is a (ery beautiful country. Ehere nature has poured all the colors of rainbow. The northern range(%imalayan) is co(ered with snow o(er the years where the highest peak of the world" the Mount .(erest" stands. The middle range(hill) is captured by gorgeous mountains" high peaks" hills" (allys and lakes. The southern range(Terai) is the plain of allu(ial soil and con? sists of dense forest area with anstonding untamed wild life reser(es and conser(ation areas. #t is a (ery old country with many rich cultural heritages temples dedicated to (arious deit? ies" the breath taking monasteries" the age less monuments all these combine to make it

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wonder museum beneath the blue dome of the sky. The graceful" sloping ca(es of those masterly creations are so healthy land scrapped with the undulation of the surrounding hills and mountains that they make perfect blend. The Stupas" Temples and Pagoda style of ar? chitectures of Shi(a $urga and Bishnu lures the (isitors. The religious" customs and fest? i(als of 'epal are famous all o(er the world. The %induism and Buddhism is the comple* blending of %induism and Buddhism in 'epal and all the deities are worshipped by %indu and Buddhist alike. ! remarkable features of this country is the religious momegeneity e*? isting particularly between the Buddist and %indu communities who for centuries ha(e cher? ished mutual regard and respect for one another. The people of 'epal are religious. The traditional shrines of Stupas preser(ing unique patterns of wood car(ing and stone sculp? ture adds glory and grandeur to artistic and cultural scene of 'epal. Being the god gifted natural beauties 'epal has many places and to (isit and water. There are many tourists attractions. 'epal is the (ariety of ad(enture tourist. Mountaineering" trekking" mountain biking" nature tours" culture tours" pilgrim tours" white water rafting" kayaking" 0ungle safari" bird watching" fishing hang?gliding" ultra light aircraft ride etc. 'epal is ultimate destination for the trekking enthusiast offering myriad of possibilities from the short and easy to demanding challenges of the snow peaks. 'epal has aptly been called D! trekkers paradiseC as her terrain?mountains hills and the Terai. The friendliness and hospitality of the people of 'epal" where guests are treated as =odF the (ariety of e*citing ad(enture acti(ities including trekking" mountaineering" rafting and 0ungle safari combined with culture that epitomiGes peace and harmony art and craftF songs and dances make a (isit to 'epal a memorable e*perience. &,&,& ) olution of Tourism in Nepal Tourism before -839s Tourism after -839s (after the ascending of Mt. .(erest) !d(enture tourism (Mountaineering" Trekking" rafting" :)

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Tourism in the part was limited to those who could tra(el on foot or trek" in the face of great natural haGards because of the lack of facilities such as road" communication network and crude means of tourism e*isted in some way or other. The de(elopment of arts" architec? ture" culture and religion drew the attention of foreign tra(elers" mostly scholars and people with missionary Geal. Tourism in 'epal is said to be initiated during the =opas" the ruling dynasty in 'epal. Being impressed by 'epalese arts and architecture" many famous people (isited 'epal during the ruling period of )ichhi(is" Mallas and &anas" but practically" tourism in 'epal was initiated after the re(olution of -83-. The people were liberated and the gates of 'epal were opened still winder for all foreign (isitors. Eith the establishment of &oyal 'epal !irlines 2orpora? tion" the tourist inflow has increased considerably. 'ew hotels" tra(el agencies and restaur? ants were opened to promote tourism. <rom the point of (iew of tourism" the great re(olution of -83- was a boon for 'epal. #n realiGation of this fact" Ministry of Tourism and 2i(il !(iation was established" in order to de? (elop tourism by go(ernment sector. !lso" '!T!('epal !ssociation of Tra(elers !gents) and %!'(%otel !ssociation of 'epal played a (ital role in de(elopment of tourism from its initial stage to the present stage. #n the present contest" the go(ernment and pri(ate sector 0ointly trying to de(elop the in? fracture for the tourism" 'epal tourism board was established" many international chain of hotel were entered and organiGed different tourism promotional acti(ities such as (isit 'epal 87" Pokhara Mahastab food festi(als" which represent D'epal as world of its ownC. &,/ MaAor Tourist "ttractions in Nepal

<ew destinations in the world can match 'epal in the (ariety of world class e*perience be it mountaineering" trekking" mountain biking" nature tours" culture tours" pilgrim tours" white? water?rafting" canyoning (cascading)" kayaking" canoeing" mountain flights" hot air balloon? ing" pony trekking" 0ungle safaris" bird watching" fishing" hang?gliding" ultra Hlight aircraft ride" bungy 0umping etc. #n addition" we ha(e se(eral special interest tours like orchid tours" culture trek" honey hunting" (illage tours" fossil hunting" meditation courses. Shamanism?

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Panimism tour" ca(e tours" snow leopard and blue sheep trek and many more that take throughout the year.

Trekking 'epal is the ultimate destination for the trekking enthusiast?offering a myriad of possibilities from the short and easy to the demanding challenges of the snowy peaks. .asy" moderate or rigorous?there is something for e(ery one. 'epal has aptly been called I! TrekkersC para? diseJ as her terrain mountains" hills and the Tarai?offers some of the most spectacular trekking routes in the world. The immense contrasts in altitudes and climates found here support an equally spectacular mi* of lifestyles" (egetation and wildlife. Trekking in 'epal is as much a cultural e*perience as a %imalaya" one passes picturesque charming (illage in? habited by di(erse ethnic groups treks (ary from e*pedition" high altitude treks to simple easy paced walks. Mountaineering Eith eight of the highest peaks in the world" including Mt. .(erest" it is hardly surprising that 'epal has been the stage for some of the most outstanding achie(ements in the world of mountaineering. The dauntless icy peaks ha(e since decades challenged the bodies and spirits of those daring enough to want to conquer the hulks. !ll inquiries and arrangements for e*peditions ha(e to be made well in ad(ance at the ministry of culture" tourism and ci(il a(iation" mountaineering section" Bhirkutimandap(Tel. 6/34/1-K/"fa*A 6//5/7-"www.tour? ism. go(.np) where the guidelines ha(e been laid down. $i er $aftingBkayaking BCanyoning <ew rafting ri(ers in the world can match the thundering course of the ri(ers of 'epal ori? ginating from the snow meltdown of the %imalayan terrain. The ri(ers gush through the twisted canyons" winding through out only as they spill out into the #ndian plains to merge with the =angas. ! ri(er? trip is one of the best ways to e*plore the typical heritage with

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massi(e doses of adrenaline buGG on our world caliber white? water thrills. !n e*treme sport popular in .urope" canyoning is now a(ailable in 'epal. 2anyoning gi(es you the freedom to e*plore some of the most ruggedly beautiful" yet forbidden places in the world.

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Cungle Safari &oyal 2hitwan and Bardiya 'ational Parks and &oyal Suklaphanta Eildlife &eser(e offer e*citing safari holidays. Lungle acti(ities here include (enturing into deep 0ungle on ele? phant back or four wheel dri(e to (iew wild animals in their natural habitat" canoe rides on the 0ungle ri(ers" nature walks" bird watching and (illage tour e*cursions. ?illage Tours Millage tours allow (isitors to e*perience a stay in a typical 'epali (illage. This gi(es (isitors an opportunity to obser(e the rich 'epalese cultural tradition from the closest quarter and intermingle with the locals. Besides" any e*penses made at that le(el directly contribute to the welfare of the local community" hence gi(ing the (isitor a sense of satisfaction. Millage tours and conducted in Sirubari" Bridim" =hale =aon" )lam and other places. :ther acti ities <or those who cannot withstand the rigorousness of mountain climbing there are mountain flights which fly around Mt. .(erest and other summits pro(iding a close?up (iew of the top of the world. ;n a clear day" the hill resorts of $hulidhel(1/,m from ,athmandu) afford magnificent (iews of Mt. .(erest and the enkless opportunities for fishing" swimming" ca? noeing and boating along Phewa lake with ma0estic panoramic (iews in its background. " rich natural heritage Thanks to 'epalCs e*tensi(e and effecti(e parks and reser(es system" the country has managed to preser(e more endangered species of flora and fauna than any other area in !sia. 'epal has a network of 8 national parks" 1 Eildlife &eser(es" 1 2onser(ation !reas" %unting &eser(e including 8 Buffer Gones around national parks" co(ering a total /7373.45 Sq. ,m. or -8.6/N of the countryCs total land. &,0 Concepts of Trekking Tourism

The ,ingdom of 'epal is well known as one of the best destinations in the world for en0oy? ing the real beauty of nature through trekking. The trail into the interior parts of the country

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follows ancient foot?trails which meander through scenic ri(er?banks" intricately terraced fields and the forested ridges connecting picturesque hamlets and mountain (illages. Trek? kers can walk along the rough but beautiful trails or (irgin tracks in the lap of green and friendly looking hills. The rhododendron?filled" green" dark and deep forests with different seasonal flowers blossoming can catch anyoneOs eye as can the scattered residential cot? tages" domestic and forest animals" (ariety of birds" both %indus and Buddhist temples" mountains" breath?taking landscape" and abo(e all warm greeting from smiling local people. The highly de(eloped and well?defined trails ha(e been used for centuries. Trekking in 'epal is an all season acti(ity. #t is possible at any time of the year depending on where one wishes to go. %owe(er" the most popular season are spring (<ebruary ? May ) and autumn (September?'o(ember). .(en during the monsoon season (Lune? !u? gust)" you can trek in the rain? shadow areas north of the %imalaya like Mustang" pper Manang and $olpo. &,0,& Prospects of Trekking in Nepal &ich biodi(ersity MesmeriGing landscape <riendly" hospitable people &ich and colorful culture Panoramic mountain peaks>ranges =lacier and ri(ers &ich biodi(ersity Mild climate &elati(ely less e*pensi(e $i(ersified product" package and acti(ities ;pportunity for bird watching &elati(ely safe destination &elati(ely chief destination

&,0,/ %mportance of Trekking Tourism in Nepal Source of foreign e*change earning .mployment generation Business creation at local" regional and national le(el $e(elopment of physical infrastructure de(elopment of rural economy !wareness and education 2ulture preser(ation and reno(ation &egional de(elopment>balance Support for 2onser(ation of nature and Protected !reas (P!s) $e(elopment of agricultural product 2onser(ation of natural resources

Tourist by purpose (Nepal Tourism Statistics 2006)

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&,0,0 MaAor Trekking "rea .(erest Trek !nnapurna Trek )angtang Trek Manaslu Trek $haulagiri Trek $olpo Trek Mustang Trek ,anchan0unga Trek &ara )ake Trek =anesh %imal Trek &olwaling Trek Makalu Trek

&,0,( Seasons for Trekking &ain shadow areasA May to .arly September ;ther areasA )ate September to May SN Season !utumn>Sarad / 1 6 Einter>Shisir Spring>Basanta Summer>=rism a Month September to 'o(em? ber $ecember to <ebruary March to May Lune to !ugust Specialty 2rystal clear (iews" paddy fields Snowfall <lowering" hunting &ain shadow areas" blossomed meadows" botanical studies

&,0,1 Possible trekking tourism acti ities in Nepal Sight seeing 'ature>(illage walking Photography .thno?botanical study 2ultural study Spritual>meditation Shamanic performance 2ultural performance Eilderness trek>walking Bird watching =lacier walk

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Playing with the snow <lower study &ock climbing Pony trekking %oney hunting Monastery walk>(isit Sun bathing <resh air taking>bath )inking with water related tourism acti(ities (rafting" canoying" kayaking" boating) Mountain biking Marathon

1.3.% Problems of Trekking Management

.n(ironmental problems o $eforestation (for firewood" camp firing" heating) o %abitat destruction o )andscape fragmentation by camping" accommodation facilities o Trail degradation o Pollution of campsites o #llegal hunting of wildlife>plant trophy Pollution (water" air and soil) =arbage problemsA degradable and non?degradable waste 2ultural changesA o 2ultural commoditiGation o 2ultural commercialiGation o )oss of language" customs and folks Social problems o #nflation o Transmission of diseases o Eomen drawGary o 2rowding &egional imbalance (;nly some limited areas ha(e been de(eloped for trekking) &oad construction A road construction in !nnapurna region and other areas has re? duced the importance of the area Poor participation of local community due to poor benefits to the local communities )ack of trained and sensiti(e human resources Poor infrastructure condition in the trekking destination nhealthy competition Poor ser(ice and quality and standard

&,( Concept of mountain tourism

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Mountaineering is ad(enture tourism. 2limbing the mountain is (ery risky. #t is an e*pedi? tion in which only the courageous people can include. .*pedition is a long" hard and risky 0ourney. Mountaineering e*pedition is started from base camp up to the peak of the particu? lar mountain. #t includes trekking as well. #t includes not only the trekking and mountaineer? ing but also study of culture" social and economic aspects of the mountain community. Mountain has its unique importance that pro(ides the knowledge" skills and unique culture identity to the (isitors. To trek in the %imalayas is to take a comprehensi(e walk along re? cogniGed paths with remarkable scenery and traditional (illage life on the rooftop of the world. &,(,& Prospects of Mountaineering in Nepal Nepal Peaks )ongest and largest mountain range in the world" the %imalaya is crowded together by hun? dreds of sky soaring mountains. 'epal comprises about 399 miles continuous range of these giant mounts from ,anchan0ungha in the .ast to Saipal in the Eest. There are more than -199 peaks which are identified and gi(en names by sur(ey of tourism ministry" go(? ernment of 'epal. !mong them" 1-8 peaks are opened for climbing acti(ities for the moun? taineers from all o(er the world. Most of the peaks opened for mountaineering e*peditions are abo(e 4399 meter >/-99ft which are considered as large scale mountaineering. .*pedi? tions in large scale need planning and preparation of huge e*penses and time consuming. $espite this" the go(ernment of 'epal collaborating with 'epal Mountaineering !ssociation ('M!) has opened some of the middle range peaks for short time e*peditions. These small peaks ranging from 3499 mtr (-7199ft) to 4399mtr (/-999ft) are 11 in total. They are pop? ularly known as trekking peaks The term trekking peak is not a suitable definition as any of these peaks are still higher than highest mountains in .urope and in !merica. Some of them are pretty challenging and need well planned full board .*peditions. Somehow" these are comparati(ely easy in terms of technical ability" permit procedure and royalty paying to the go(ernment. 'M! has sole authority to allow permits in these peaks. Trekking peaks are selected from (arious parts of the %imalayan rangesF some situated in popular trekking sectors like in .(erest and in !nnapurna and some are in off the main tourist area like in =anesh %imal" &olwaling and $amodar ranges.

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Trekking peaks gi(e pleasure of e(er e*hilarating e*perience of mountaineering. These are easily accessible and affordable. Most of the .*peditions are completed within 1 to 6 weeks starting and ending in ,athmandu. !ny trekkers or mountaineers willing to ha(e les? son of mountaineering or e*perience of climbing" can find trekking peaks as a primer play ground of e*citing ad(enture. %ighest mountain ecosystem in the world -. ;ne third of %indu ,ush region (of about /399 km) lies in 'epal %imalayas (from Byas &ishi to ,anchan0unga %imal) /. 7 out of -9 highest peaks of the world lies in 'epal 1. 7 out of -6 peaks abo(e 7999m lies in 'epal a. Mt. .(erest !. Mt. ,anchan0unga . Mt. Makalu d. Mt. 2ho?Bo e. Mt. $haulagiri f. Mt. Manaslu g. Mt. !nnapurna 7767m 73-4m 7641m 7/9-m 7-45m 7-41m 798-m

Second highest Mt. ,/ in Pakistan and 8th highest Mt. 'anga Parbat in Pakistan 6. The highest mountain of the world Mr. .(erest lies in 'epal 3. So far 1/4 peaks has been opened for mountaineering in 'epal 4. -1-9 peaks o(er 4999 m has been opened for mountaineering 5. 'epalOs mountains are e*tremely young and geographically acti(e 7. !ssociation of following other attraction and acti(ities &ich biodi(ersity MesmeriGing landscape <riendly people 2olorful culture =lacier and ri(ers

Mountaineering )*pedition teams approached in /++'

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&,(,/ %mportance of Mountaineering )*pedition -. Source of foreign e*change earning a. Main source of con(ertible currency for the nation b. #n /994" the royalty from mountaineering e*pedition was total e*penditure of the team was '&s. 6/1783999. c. )ikewise the the <ees collected by 'M! for the trekking peaks was /. .mployment generationA a. 456 high altitude workers employed for Mo2T2! managed mountain e*pedition in /994. b. se of larger amount of porter and =uides 1. Business creation at local" regional and national le(el a. 2reation of agriculture" forest and li(estock based local products b. Sale of local handicrafts c. .stablishment of ser(ices and facilities related industries and business like hotel" lodge" restaurants" teahouse" camp site" cyber" telephone etc. 6. $e(elopment of rural economy 3. $e(elopment of rural physical infrastructure a. $e(elopment of access and transportation facilities (Trail" road" bridge) b. $e(elopment of communication and interpretation facilities c. $e(elopment of health facilities d. $rinking water" resting places" structures for safety measures e. $e(elopment of power and energy 4. ;pportunity to utiliGe traditional skill and knowledge 5. &egional and local de(elopmentA a. 19N re(enue plough back to the concerned $istrict de(elopment 2ommittee ($$2) which can be used in the further de(elopment of tourism and community welfare 7. 'ature conser(ationA ;pportunity to conser(e and protect nature" natural resources and Protected !reas through the a. #ncreased awareness b. #ncreased re(enue to the go(ernment c. #ncenti(e to the surrounding community SP /4351447 SP -89"3599 whereas the

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9. 2ulture preser(ation and recognitionA ;pportunity to preser(e the culture and cultural heritage through theA a. #ncreased awareness b. #ncreased re(enue to the go(ernment c. #ncenti(e to the surrounding community -9. .*posure to international arena --. !wareness and education a. ;pportunity to pro(ide awareness b. ;pportunity for school c. Sponsorship for the children -/. 'ational image>prestige building -1. &esearch and study a. .*ploration of landscape and geology b. 2limate change related data &,(,0 )*isting management problems in Mountaineering )*pedition in Nepal -. %igher &oyalty fee>&oyalty A #n comparison to 2hina /. %ea(y pressure in some particular areas 1. &egional imbalance in distribution of mountaineering e*pedition permit 6. Poor super(ision and monitoring mechanism 3. .n(ironment management a. $eforestation b. )and degradation c. 2rowding d. habitat destruction e. 2ampsite pollution 4. Easte management a. #rregular disposal of waste b. 2ontamination of glacier and ri(ers 5. Socio cultural impacts 7. Protection and conser(ation of landscape 8. .quitable distribution of benefits

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-9. Mery poor benefits to the locals communities --. se of firewood as a source of energy -.6.6 Seasons of Mountaineering -. Spring A March to May /. SummerA Lune to !ugust 1. !utumnA September to 'o(ember 6. EinterA $ecember to <ebruary &,1 Scope of Tourism in Nepal #n 'epal" tourism is important not only because it is an important source of foreign e*? change but also a ma0or employment generator. $irectly and indirectly 'epalese people are getting benefits from the tourism" many people are getting employment from this sector. !s a part of the cultural role of tourism" the incenti(e to local crafts and industries and artistic skills of the people is increased because of the demand for local products. <olk? lores" traditional ceremonies" art and industry are re(i(ed because tourists are interested in them. By the medium of tourism we can e*change knowledge and create understanding among the people of the world. Tourism pro(ided us an opportunity to understand the cul? turally" it is a product which encourages intellectual curiosity amongst and nations and de? (elops a healthy respect for anotherCs beliefs and customs. &,' Problem of Tourism in Nepal #n spite of tremendous importance and huge potentialities of de(eloping tourist in the coun? try" it could not be de(eloped rapidly on the account of the following problems. & & & & & & & & The lack of attention paid by %M= to maintain standard in tourism industry. =o(ernment steps towards indi(idual are still unsatisfactory. Basic requirements needed for the de(elopment of tourism are still inadequate. The lack of clear cut and comprehensi(e 'ational policy. Manpower trained by training center MMTT2 are still unsatisfactory. The lack of personal security. The problems of %awkers and Brokers The one of great problem is pollution

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&

nstable political situation of nation.

&,- Prospectus of Tourism in Nepal 'epal is probably one of the most fascinating and beautiful countries in the world. Tourists (isited 'epal to e*perience the worldCs famous %imalayan peaks" unique architecture re? ser(ed in ancient towns and the warm welcome of e(er smiling people. #t posses numerous possibilities of de(eloping tourist traffic because there are in the country unique geograph? ical features and cultural charms. The main features of tourist possibilities in the country may be outlined under following points.

& Because of unique situation on the southern side of the mighty %imalayan or Mountain"
there are numerous scenic beauties in (arious sector of the country. There snow capped mountain peaks with grand glaciers sliding down through narrow (alleys. Some parts are bare rocky ranges with splendid landscape" some parts forested ranges with charming scenery" some parts are spotted with pleasant lakes" springs and falls" some parts are car(ed by se(eral winding ri(ers and ri(er lets 0umping down through steep mountain (alley and =eorges. These and many others are the alluring grandeurs of nature in (arious mountainous parts of 'epal.

& There are many famous temples" stapes" holy centers and durbar squares in (arious
Gones of 'epal. The temples of ,atmandu (alley are of great religious and cultural im? portance" because their walls and windows ha(e been so car(ed and painted as to present (arious arts culture and beliefs of the ancient people in 'epal. There are places of early kings in which are manifested se(eral cultural and architectural glories of an? cient 'epal.

& The main center of great tourist importance are ,athmandu" Patan" Bhaktapur" ,ritipur"
Pokhara" )umbini" Manang" Lomsom" $hulikhel" %elambu" =osaikunda" 'amchey and so on.

& <orth more" 'epal is a country where land route follower tourist feels tremendous relief
to be here and find peaceful surrounding and good en(ironment. Perhaps" it may be due to the friendly 'epalese people and hospitable by nature" the tourist will ha(e no difficulty in ad0usting in general. These all are great attraction to tourist.

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&,9 Statement of Problem Tourism is the backbone of the country Mountaineering and trekking tourism is the ma0or component of tourism in 'epal

%owe(er" mountaineering and trekking tourism has not been de(eloped in an e*pected
le(el.

Still" there are so many gaps including information gaps" infrastructures gaps" human
resources gaps" policy gaps and promotional gaps that are needed to be impro(ed for the better promotion of mountaineering and trekking tourism in 'epal

This study report will try to analyGe the present status of mountaineering and trekking
tourism in 'epal and try to find out the ways for the better de(elopment of mountaineer? ing and trekking tourism in 'epal. &,D :bAecti e of the Study

'()
(##) (###) (#M)

To e*plore and e*amine the potentials of mountaineering and trekking tourism in 'epal To e*amine the present state of mountaineering and trekking tourism in 'epal To e*amine the contribution of mountaineering and trekking tourism in 'epal To assess the ma0or problems faced by mountaineering and trekking tourism in 'epal To recommend the acti(ities for the impro(ement of mountaineering and trekking tourism in 'epal. To analyGe the problem of trekking and mountaineering tourism in 'epal.

'*)
(M#)

&,&+Significance of the Study This fieldwork report is prepared as a partial requirement of BBS 1rd year. So it is significant for me to fulfill the requirement for the BBS 1rd year. !lso the mountaineering and trekking in 'epal is (ery much important to promote. So there is a need to study. #n this field work the list of books and authors studied to prepare this work are include in the bibliography and the detailed methodology to carryout this study is also e*plained. So it will be helpful

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for the researcher who wants to study about the tourism especially for the arri(al of tourist for mountaineering and trekking in the future. &,&& @imitation of The Study -. This study is mainly carried out to attain the partial fulfillment of BBS ### year" which is also a limitation of the study. /. The study is only focused on number of tourist arri(al for mountaineering and trekking. 1. The study is only based on the secondary data.

4. The study includes only fi(e years data from /991>/995

3. The study has time and economy bond. C;"PT)$ %% $)S)"$C; M)T;:5:@:EY

To perform this study only secondary data were collected. The ob0ect of this study is to find the share of tourist for mountaineering and trekking to the arri(al of total tourist" tendency of the tourist by purpose of trekking and to trace out the problems and prospects of tourism in 'epal. To fulfill the ob0ecti(e of the study the data collected are presented by using both de? scripti(e and analytical method. The data collected are presented and described and the quantitati(e data are also analyGed to carryout the study. The detail methodology used to carryout this study are e*plained below. /,& Source of 5ata Collection This study is mainly based on the secondary data. The data which are already collected by some one which are either in the printed or non printed form of called secondary data. !ll the necessary data required to carryout this study are collected from the following sources.

1. Summary of tourism statistics" /993 2. Personal interaction with the concerned officials of tourism boards. 3. Marious booklets and 0ournals and
6. !nnual reports and bulletin of Ministry of 2ulture" Tourism and 2i(il !(iation

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/,/ $esearch design $escripti(e and analytical research design for the study has been applied as it gets two as? pects. !t first" it has the description of the situation and secondly" it has the interpretation of data. /,0 5ata analysis tools Presentation of data A The collected data were presented with the help of simple bar dia? grams" Multiple bar diagrams etc. !nalysis of $ata AThe analysis tools used in this study are trend analysis and coefficient of correlation analysis. C;"PT)$ %%% P$)S)NT"T%:N > "N"@YS%S :F 5"T" 1.- $ata Presentation 1.-.- Total tourist arri(als and tourist arri(al for trekking and mountaineering The following table shows the figure relating to arri(al of total tourist and tourist arri(al for mountaineering and trekking for the fi(e years from <B /991 to /995A Table 'o. -A !rri(al of Total Tourist and tourist arri(al for mountaineering and trekking

Year

Total tourist ar. Tourist ri al trekking 435/4866/ 4-677 4481-9-1/9

arri al

for Percentage and -8 -7 -4 -5 -8

mountaineering

/991 /996 /993 /994 /995

117-1/ 173/85 153187 1718/4 3/4593

SourceA 'epal Tourism Board

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Figure No, &: "rri al of total tourist and tourist arri al for mountaineering and trekking ,
"rri al of total tourist and mountaineeing and trekking
No, of tourist 499999 399999 699999 199999 /99999 -99999 9 Total tourist arri(al

SourceA

Tourist arri(al for mountaineering and trekking 'epal

/991

/996

/993

/994

Year

!ccording to the abo(e table and figure the total tourist arri(al for mountaineering and trekking in /991 is 435/- out of 117-1/" which is -8N of the total. #n the /996 the arri(al of mountaineering and trekking is 44866/ out of total 173/85" which is -7N of the total tourist arri(al. !lso in /993 the arri(al tourist for mountaineering and trekking out of total tourist is -4N i.e. 4-677 out of 153187. similarly the arri(al of mountaineering and trekking in /994 is 4481- out of 1718/4" which is -5N of the total tourist. !t last the no of moun? taineering and trekking tourist in /995 is -9-1/9 out of 3/4593" which is -8N. 1.-./ Mountaineering from Mo2T2! Table No, /: Particulars Season Lanuary to Lune Team 31 Members 6-3 Success team 14 %igh altitude workers /46 2asualty 5 &oyalty ( SP) -684/99 Team e*penditure '&s. 6/1"783"999 Total Luly to $ecember 79 356 6/ 6-9 -698399 -11 878 57 456 -7 -893599

!bo(e table shows the seasonal and total of team" members" success team" high altitude workers" casualty" &oyalty and team e*penditure '&s. 6/1783999.

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/995

SourceA 'epal Tourism Statistics /994

1.-.1 'M!>Trekking Peaks Table No, 0: Particulars Team Members &oyalty ( SP) Season Lanuary to Lune /56 -/49 7-88834 Total Luly to $ecember 491 755 /8-9 6-59 -71515-/ SourceA 'epal Tourism Statistics /994

!bo(e table shows the team and members and royalty at the different season and total. 1.-.6 =ross foreign e*change earning in con(ertible currencies by fiscal year (/938>49? /941>46) Table No, (: <B Total earnings(&s. Total earnings(P(999) -16/63 -47-41 -46697 -4/974 -7-/6/ N change in 1/./3.1 ?/./ ?1.4 -9./ SP (999)) /938>49 -9148698 /949>4-/115855 /94->4/ --7-6731 /94/>41 --5-9781 /941>46 -/46354SourceA 'epal &astra Bank

The total earnings of different fiscal year is shows the different percentage change. <irst two years is decreasing positi(e earning percentage and then two year is increasing neg? ati(e percentage and last year in /941>46 is increasing percentage. %ere" now a days tour? ism sector is impro(ed. Table No, 1 Tourism income in con(ertible currency by sectors (<B /941>46) Months Sharwan Bhadra !swin ,artik Marga Total tourism income(&s. 999) 566567 -915945 --651-9 --19179 -9-1563

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Poush Magh <algun 2haitra Baisakh Lestha !sadh

-91/688 -991/45 -936697 -///374 --894-3 -96--49 -9/5854

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Figure No, /ATourism income con(ertible currency by Monthly (<B /949>946)

Total tourism income2$s, +++3

-699999 -/99999 -999999 799999 499999 699999 /99999 9
Sh ar w Bh an ad r !s a w i ,a n rt M ik ar g Po a us M h a <a gh lg 2h u n a Ba itr a isa k Le h st h !s a ad h

"mount

s Total tourism income(&s. 999) Q

Month

!ccording to the abo(e table and figure the total tourism income fluctuating monthly. #t shows that tourist is seasonable industry. #t gi(es the income seasonably" because of that tourism industry has problem of educated manpower at the sufficient quantity . 0,/ 5ata "nalysis The data can be analyGed through SE;T method. SE;T MethodA The full form of SE;T is strength" weakness" opportunity and threats. Strength: Mountaineering and trekking tourism is must attracti(e sector of tourist. #t de(elop the ruler area and community" community and de(elop and Preser(ati(e of protected area and nat? ural resources. #eakness: $ue to (arious reason" mountaineering and trekking tourism doesnCt de(elop and protect. Problem of =arbage" en(ironmental" rules and regulation" decrease in culture" lack of ob? ser(ation and life style of mountain areas people. nhealthy competition" time table of tak? ing permission and cost is most of weakness of Mountaineering and trekking tourism. :pportunity: Mountaineering and trekking tourism has got many opportunities to de(elop tourism in? dustry. #t has got an opportunity to establish 'epal as an attracti(e tourist destination in the international market place. #t is importance to earn the foreign currency. 'ow a days" total tourist and mountaineering tourist increase rapidly.

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Threat: The arri(al of total tourist and mountaineering and trekking tourist was fluctuating year by year. This was due to (arious reasons but one of the reasons was lack of quality ser(ices" also no gi(ing attention in the de(elopment of tourism industry" unstable political situation and change of the tourism policy in the change of the go(ernment different parties. 0,0 Findings: #t brings to a close that in peak season the trend flow of tourist arri(al to 'epal goes on decrease because of (arious reason like maoist" strike" 'epal bandh etc.

#n this analysis mountaineering and trekking tourism management problem is creation

i.e. en(ironmental" =arbage management" preser(ation of culture and arts. Tourism income is fluctuate because of problem of tourism industry and decline the (alue of dollar. Monthly income of tourism is fluctuate because of seasonal effect and decline the (alue of dollar.

#t point out that tourist arri(als to 'epal in /995 is increase compare to /991 and also
increase mountaineering and trekking tourist etc.

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C;"PT)$ %?
S!MM"$Y7 C:NC@!S%:N > $)C:MM)N5"T%:N (,& Summary

Tourism is a ma0or sector in 'epal to earn foreign currencies" Tourism is the industry of which output is the tourist. Tourism is the combined acti(ities of the tourists and those who cater them such tra(el agencies airlines" transport compares" guides banks etc. Tourism is the result of technical e(olution is the transport and communicates to one another. Being the god gifted natural beauties 'epal has many places and to (isit water. There are may tourist attractions. 'epal is the (ariety of ad(entures tourism. Mountaineering" trekking" mountain biking" nature tours" culture tours" pilgrim tours" white water rafting" kayaking" 0ungle safari" bird watching" fishing hang?gliding" ultra light aircraft ride etc. So 'epal is ultimate destination for the trekking enthusiast offering myriad of possibilities from the shour and easy to demanding challenges of the snow peaks. 'epal has aptly been called D! Trekkers paradiseC as her terrain?mountains hiss and the Terai. #n 'epal tourism is important not only because it is an important source of foreign e*change but also a ma0or employment generator. $irectly and indirectly 'epalese people are getting benefit from the tourism. #n this study the share of mountaineering and trekkers in the total tourist arri(al is compar? ati(ely studied. #n the report the data relating the arri(al of total tourist and arri(al of moun? taineers and trekkers during fi(e years horiGon starting from /991 to year /995 are presen? ted and analyGed and also plotted in diagrams to make data presented in cardinal number clear. following are the summary of the reportA The study shows that tourist arri(al is decrease at the one percentage e(ery years and increase the total tourist and mountaineering and trekking by the two percentage in /995. The study shows that as the income of nation monthly is fluctuate. years" and two years is negati(ely decrease and then two percent increase. The data has been presented to analyGe by the using SE;T methods. (,/ Conclusions

The study shows that the yearly gross foreign earning is positi(ely decrease in two

<rom the analysis it is known that the arri(al of total tourist and tourist for the purpose of mountaineering and trekking both are in falling trend. 2onclusion are the following pointA Page 30 of 32

'epal" a %indu ,ingdom" country of lord Buddha and worldCs highest peak" full of natur? al beauty and ad(entures" rich in cultural heritage and history" lies between two huge countries china and #ndia. of ideology" e*cursion of people etc. has downsiGed the tourism business.

The instable go(t. after restoration of multiparty democracy" political conflict" corrosion
#n spite of badly affected tourism business en(ironment of 'epal" the no. of tourist (isit? ing to 'epal was decreasing as compared to last few years.

$ecommendations #n order to impro(e these problems there are some ma0or steps to be taken by go(ernment for the de(elopment of tourism in 'epal" they areA

1. Trekking is getting popular undoubtedly in 'epal. But due to lack of reliable information
and other necessary requirements" tourist industry could not be de(eloped in a satis? factory way. !lso due to the Maoist insurgency the there is no secure condition to tour? ist. !nd also suggest categoriGing (arious new destination places for different groups. /. The effort should be taken to ad(ertise the nations places which are important for trekking.

3. To impro(e the mountaineering and trekking or o(erall tourism sector of 'epal" air ser?
(ice should be impro(ed. !s our national carriers air flight is not in new conditions and lack of proper management" tourist prefer to tra(el with other airlines rather than our na? tional carriers. To buy new aircraft is almost impossible for the present situation. %owe(er" it can be impro(ed with proper management and regular flight in resort area.

4. Mountaineering e*pedition fee is higher than other so" nowadays people are search the
cheapest tourism destination.

$. Trekking routes are becoming shorter and more polluting due to the construction of ac?
cess road to the ma0or trekking areas. So" today trekking routes for de(eloped and promote. for trekking tourist " create new

4. #mpro(e sanitation and hygienic conditions in the urban areas like ,athmandu and newly de(eloped rural areas

7. Tourism industry is unique. 'ow" increase of tourist" culture" life style and art is de?
crease and commercialiGes and =arbage problem is increase. <or de(elop the tourism industryF we can preser(ati(e the culture" natural beauty" arts and life style. Because" tourist comes to obser(e the thatCs types of unique of new acti(ities and situation.

8. Total tourist and trekking and mountaineering tourist is related. So" we should promote
all tourism product. 8. creation of (arious attracti(e destinations. <or instance !nnapurna Trekking &oute is (ery famous as a short? trekking route in 'epal. This route should be gi(en proper high?

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light and actually ad(ertised in global media. This will help in portraying 'epal by not actually ad(ertising 'epal.

Bibliography
!grwal" =.&. (/991) Pro0ect Management in 'epal" M.,. Publishers and distributors" ,ath? mandu" 'epal. Ba0racharya" B.2. (/935)" Business statistics and mathematics" M.,. publishers and $is? tributors" Bhotahity" ,athmandu" 'epal. %M= Ministry of 2ulture Tourism and 2i(il !(iation(/993)" 'epal Tourism Statistics" ,ath? mandu" 'epal. ,unwar &amesh &a0" Tourism $e(elopment 'epal Tourism Board(/993)" $estination 'epal" Tra(el Manual" ,athmandu" 'epal. &)A www.welcomenepal.com

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