Stalins Purges

Although Stalin was a totalitarian ruler, he held onto the fear that other Russian leaders and citizens were plotting against him. Perhaps they were to overthrow him, or perhaps even assassinate him. Thus, in 193 , he launched the Great Purge. !n this Reign of Terror, Stalin and his secret police crac"ed down on other political groups, such as capitalists or democrats. #e $elieved people who $elieved in capitalism were out to change the %oviet &nion from socialism to capitalism. !n addition, %talin attac"ed mem$ers of his own political party, the Bolshevik Party. 'uring the Great Purge, %talin had almost ()* of his Bolshevik Party either arrested or e+ecuted on the charges of plotting to overthrow the government. #e replaced mem$ers of the Bolshevik Party with young men in their early ,)s. Stalin $elieved young people idolized -admired. him, and would never dare to overthrow him. Stalin continued his purge $y attac"ing military generals, some whom were educated at the $est schools, and who have won medals for their outstanding wor" during times of war. This would greatly hurt the Soviet Union in orld ar !!. /ith all of the great %oviet generals either e+ecuted or imprisoned, the %oviet army lac"ed leadership on the $attlefield. As a result, 0erman forces crushed the %oviet &nion for the first few years of /orld /ar !! The purge still continued in 1931, when Stalin targeted newspaper writers, reporters, factory managers, farmers, and ordinary citizens. They were charged with a wide range of crimes, from forming revolution plots, assassination plans, or even failure to meet %talin2s goals. 3or e+ample, Stalin had many factory owners arrested who did not produce the num$er of items Stalin wanted. This was true with farmers during collectivization as well, as if the farmers didn2t have a surplus -e+tra food. to give to the government, Stalin would ta"e the former serfs farm and arrest the farm2s owner. 4etween 193151936, Stalin put on a display a large num$er of pu"lic trials# !n most cases, people accused of a crime $y Stalin was put on stage in front of the entire %oviet nation. After hours, or even sometimes years, of $eatings, solitary confinement -"eeping you in a room $y yourself., or threats to a person2s family, the person would usually admit their crime in front of the whole nation. This was to serve as a model to the %oviet people, reminding them what happens to traitors.

'uring the time of %talin2s rule, Stalin was responsi$le during the purges for nearly five million %oviet people $eing "illed. 7ost of these people were innocent. Stalin rid the %oviet &nion of the right to have a trial. #e told people they could vote, $ut secretly, he made it "nown that anyone who didn2t vote for him would $e "illed. #e decided what went into te+t$oo"s and newspapers $censorship%# To watch over his citizens, the secret police often wal"ed around in ordinary clothing, waiting to catch anyone discussing plots. Stalin set up phone taps# People were for$idden to $elieve in a 0od. They had to $e atheist -$elief in no 0od.. 80od9, %talin said, 8is himself.9 4y the time Stalin died in 19(3, the %oviet &nion was all5powerful, producing food, manufactured goods, supplies, weapons, and ma"ing advancement at one of the :uic"est rates in the world.

Part & ' Using the chart provided( answer the following )uestions* 1. 'uring which revolution did these e+ecutions occur;

,. <ame two groups that were e+ecuted during the Reign of Terror;

3. /hich two groups suffered the largest num$er of e+ecutions during the 0reat Purge;

. /hich group suffered the fewest num$er of e+ecutions during the 0reat Purge;

(. #ow many clergy mem$ers were e+ecuted;

1. !n a two5sentence response, what is one o$servation = fact you can ma"e regarding the Reign of Terror 193151936;

Part + > ,hoose the "est answer for each multiple-choice )uestion "elow 1. /hich statement $est characterizes the rule of ?oseph %talin in the %oviet &nion; A. 4asic human rights were denied

4. @wnership of farms was returned to individual farmers A. 'emocratic reforms were carried out '. 3ree enterprise replaced a command economy ,. !n the %oviet &nion, ?oseph %talin governed $y the means of censorship, secret police, and purges. This type of government is called A. Totalitarian 4. 'emocracy A. Bimited 7onarchy '. Theocracy 3. &nder ?oseph %talin, peasants in the %oviet &nion were forced to A. move to large cities 4. Coin collective farms A. support the Russian @rthodo+ Ahurch '. $ecome mem$ers of the ruling party . A comparison of the actions of the ?aco$ins during the 3rench Revolution and the actions of the 4olshevi"s during the Russian Revolution indicates that revolutions sometimes A. occur in a peaceful manner 4. $ring radicals to power A. ignore ur$an wor"ers '. gain the support of wealthy landowners

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Part / > Using the lines provided( answer 012 of the following )uestions# 2ach answer should "e 3T 423ST &5 S21T21,2S# !f its less( 6347 ,R28!T will "e given# 8o a second )uestion for e9tra credit if done early# Be sure to provide plenty of e9amples( facts( evidence( and analysis in your writing# D1. /hat was the 0reat Purge; !n your own words, discuss some of the actions ta"en $y

%talin during the 0reat Purge DD,. 'id the %oviet &nion improve $y the time of %talin2s death from where Russia was at in 19)( under Azar <icholas !!; /hy or why not; 0ive specific e+amplesE DDD3. Aompare the effects of the Russian Revolution to the effects of the 3rench Revolution DDD . %hould the %oviet &nion remem$er %talin as a hero or as a villain = evil dictator; 'efend your answer with FG!'F<AF from the PA%T T/@ 'AH% of lessons.

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