Classical Theory

It is also known as the functional or empirical approach. The main contributors to these theories are Henri Fayol , Taylor, Max Weber Salient features Management is viewe as a systematic process of interrelate functions. !rinciples of management are use as a gui eline for the executives. Functions , !rinciples an skills of management are universal. Formal e ucation an training is nee e for the evelopment of the re"uire skills. #mphasis is place on the economic efficiency. !eople are motivate by economic gains an other incentives. $lassical theory pillar mainly stan s on three pillars %&ureaucracy, 'cientific management an ( ministration. Though this approach provi es 'peciali)ation, structure, rationality, pre ictability an emocracy but at the same time a lot of paperwork , compartmentali)ation of work rigi ity an *oal isplacement is there.

Neo classical Theory

+eo classical theory is the sum total of three parts Hawthorne experiments, Human relation movements an behavioral approaches. #lton Mayo , Her)berg, Mc *regor were the ma,or contributors towar this theory.

Work Environment

Leader

Individual

Work Group

Salient Features ( work group is the sum total of the Techno economic system an social system. Workers are motivate by many others factor as per the situation. !eople may show ifferent behavior when act separately an ifferent when act in group. !erformance is affecte ue to the factors insi e an outsi e the work place. Interpersonal relation is more important. 'ocial an psychological nee s play an important role in the performance of the employee. !eople working in the organi)ation may have ifferent goals than the organi)ational goal-s but they shoul be gui e towar s the pre state ob,ectives. .wn informational group plays an important role in the etermination of future course of action. In ivi ual may react ifferently in ifferent situations so they shoul be carefully manage towar the common goal.

Behavioral Approach
!ioneere by #lton Mayo an his associates 'alient Features Focus on in ivi ual, his nee s an behavior Highlight interpersonal relations #mphasis on motivation morale an ,ob satisfaction $onflict in an organi)ation is always estructive an shoul be always avoi e . &ase on Hawthorne experiments. #mphasis on improving the working con ition, interpersonal relation, supervisory styles an communication systems. !eople working in the organi)ation may have ifferent goals but it is the work of management to gui e them towar the common goal. !eople behavior as a in ivi ual may be ifferent than his behavior in a group. !eople working in the organi)ation form their own informal groups an these groups have a significant influence on the attitu e an values of people.

Contingency Approach
$ontingency approach tells that organi)ation is an open system an there is no single best way of managing in all situations. The best solution is that which is responsive to a particular situation un er a cost an time limit. The management , therefore, shoul eal with ifferent situations ifferently. 'alient Features Management is situational. Management shoul ,therefore ,match an fit its approaches to the re"uirements of the particular situation. Management shoul sharpen its iagnostic skills an analytical skills. Management shoul not consi er management principles an techni"ues universal