Explaining Meaning of GIS

GIS z GEOGRAPHICAL

z Geographical Information System

z INFORMATION

z SYSTEM

z Cept University -Ahmedabad

z GEOGRAPHY D
Descriptive
i ti Graphical
G hi l
I
z The science of Earth’s physical
N
features, resources, climate, z Mountain
F
ppopulation
p etc. /Hill
O
R
•GEO + GRAPHY M z House
A
GEO = Earth
T
GRAPHY = Description
I z Tree
O
N
 SYSTEM What is the specialty
p y of GIS?
Facilitates faster pprocess of operations
p

Provides solution for many

y real world pproblems with
options of many scenarios

Decision making tool with the support of organized data

Integrating technology

Dynamic map display and interactive query

Technologies that support GIS What GIS can do?

What GIS can do? Real world problems
z Remote Sensing
z Photogrammetry Identification Where ?
z C
Cartography
h (Manual/Automated)
(M l/A d)
Locate What is there?
z Positioning technology
z Geodesy/Surveying/Mapping Trends What if ?
z Mobile Mapping
P
Patterns Wh has
What h changed
h d?
z Internet GIS
Optimum path What relations exists between ?

Models What is the best route?

Identification and Location
Trends

Models

How GIS work? Concepts of GIS

Definingg GIS
z Toolbox based definitions
- set off tools
l
- a system
y
- an information system
z for capturing, storing, retrieving, analyzing and
displaying
p y g which are spatially
p y referenced to
earth
 GIS terminology
gy
Definition of GIS
z Geographical Information System
z A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, z Geographical Information Science
retrieving at will, transforming and displaying z Geoinformatics
spatial data from the real world (Burroughs) z Geomatics
z Spatial information system
z Geospatial systems
z A computerized
p system
y that provides
p advanced z Geospatial information engineering
capabilities for the processing and interpretation z Land information system
of spatial information from the real world.
world z …….

1989 TIGER, NCGIA & MGE S/W

History of GIS 1987 IJGIS, SPANS S/W & IDRISI S/W

1986 MAPINFO S/W & First PGIS book

ESRI, Intergraph and Laserscan, first commercial setups 1985 GRASS GIS s/w
1969
1981 ESRI launched ARC/INFO
US Bureau of Census DIME data format &ECU in London
1967
1980-1990
SYMAP (Synagraphic Mapping System) 1979 ODYSSEY GIS, the first modern vector GIS
1966
1978 ERDAS was founded
founded, 1978
Harvard Lab for CGSA by Howard Fisher
1977 The USGS developed DLG spatial data format
1964
1976 Minnesota Land Management Information System
CGIS (Roger Tomlinson)
1963 -analyze Canada's national land inventory, 1972 IBM's GFIS (Geographic Information Systems)
- a beginning
Roger Tomlinson 1960-1970
Father of GIS
 B
Beyond
d 2000 GIS Components
1999 ™Internet GIS
Hardware
™ Mobile GIS
1998 +
1997 ™L
™Location
i based
b d services
i S f
Software
1996 ™Open access to satellite images (ex. Google Earth) +
1992 ™AAA Dataware
1991-2000
+
Human--ware
Human
™Multi- Media GIS
™
™Expanding GIS potential =
™PC GIS GIS
™Maguire, Goodchild, & Rhind's, the GIS Big Book published

Hardware

Type of Computer Platforms

Modest Personnel Computers
High performance workstations
Minicomputers Mainframe computers
p Devices
Input
Scanners
Digitizers Keyboard
Graphic Monitor
Output Devices
Plotters and Printers
Software Data

Input Modules Editing MRP

Manipulation/ Analysis Attribute Data Spatial
p
Modules Modeling Capability,
output generation Data Remote Sensing
presentation & visualization D t Global
Data Gl b l D
Database
t b

Live ware

Trained
professionals
p
responsible for THANK YOU
digitizing,
Implementing GIS