Family Planning

Family Planning
Family Planning : Definition
Family planning implies that a couple discuss when and how many children they can
have so that they can give the utmost care to the child, financially, psychologically
and socially. In general usage we commonly associate terms like contraception and
birth control with Family Planning but theoretically family planning is much more
than that. Family planning methods would include every measure that can be taken so
as to give a couple their required freedom to determine when they want to have their
children and what the time gap should be if planning more than one child. Let us look
at the methods and types of family planning.

Family planning is the planning of when to have children and the use of
control and other techniques to implement such plans. Other techniques commonly
used include sexuality education prevention and management of sexually transmitted
infections, pre conception counceling and management, and interfility management.

Family planning services are defined as "educational, comprehensive medical

or social activities which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the
number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be
achieved."

Family Planning: Importance

Family Planning is not only to avoid the impending disaster of over population
but also for the well being of mothers since it avoids unnecessary abortions and
also reduces the number of times a woman gives birth. With every pregnancy
the risk towards maternal health increases so it is better to avoid unnecessary
pregnancy at the first place. Family Planning would also lead to an
enhancement in the health of the baby that is born since a healthy mother would
definitely give birth to a healthy child. So it is high time we implement this in
our lives and get some fruitful results!!

Methods and Types of Family Planning

There are two types of family planning one of them refers to the usage of artificial
methods and the other is called natural Family planning in which a woman’s natural
infertile phases are emphasized upon.

Compiled by: KISSIELYN SETERRA

 Family Planning

With this discussion we come to the next step of methods used in family planning.
There are various methods that are used and here are some of the following:

• Oral Contraceptives for women

• The Pill (oral contraceptives) is the most popular type of birth control.
• The Pill stops ovulation, preventing the ovaries from releasing eggs. The Pill also thickens
cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to enter the uterus. The hormones in the Pill
prevent fertilization.
• There are many different brands and they come in packs of 21 or 28 pills. One pill is taken
every day. The first 21 pills have a combination of synthetic estrogen and progesterone
hormones.
• USE
• When started within 6 days of the start of a period or within 6 days after an abortion, The Pill
is effective immediately. If the Pill is started at other times, it will be effective after one
month. To lower the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, condoms can be
used while taking The Pill.
• STARTING THE PILLS
• There are several ways to begin taking The Pill. One common way is to start on the first day
of your period or the first day after an abortion. Some women prefer to start on the first
Sunday after they begin their period or the first Sunday after an abortion.
• CONTINUING
• Take one pill every day until you finish an entire pack. Try to link taking The Pill with a
regular activity that you do at the same time every day, like eating a meal or brushing your
teeth. If you have a 28-day pack, start a new pack immediately after you finish the old one. If
you have a 21-day pack, take one pill every day for 21 days, no pills for 7 days, then start the
new pack immediately.
•

• Contraceptive Injections
These jabs contain hormones. When injected into a muscle (usually in the buttock), the medication
keeps you from getting pregnant for a considerable period of time.

A very good thing about it is that you don’t have to remember to keep on taking anything, which
makes this method very useful for the many people who forget Pills!

Also, the jab does ensure that sex is spontaneous; you don’t have to bother about putting on
condoms, or inserting chemicals. Quite a few women regard this as a plus.

How do contraceptive jabs work?

They have three useful anti-fertility effects.

1. They stop you from ovulating (producing eggs).

2. They thicken the mucus in your cervix – making it difficult for sperm to get through.
3. They make the lining of your womb thinner, so that if an egg (ovum) became fertilised, it
would have difficulty attaching itself to the lining.

Compiled by: KISSIELYN SETERRA

 Family Planning
How effective are these injections?

They are very efficient indeed. Most experts rate them as around 99 per cent effective, which means
that if 100 women used the jab for a year, only about one would become pregnant. This makes
the injection one of the most efficient of all contraceptives.

However, you do have to remember to turn up for your next injection. Many of the pregnancies that
occur in people who are ‘on the jab’ happen because somehow the injection doesn’t get given on
time.

• Tubectomy
•
• Tubectomy also referred to, as Tubal Sterilization is a surgical procedure done on women as
a permanent method of contraception.
• Tubectomy means cutting of tube.Tubes in general terms meant Fallopian Tubes.
Fallopian tubes are responsible for transmitting ova from ovaries to uterus.In
Tubectomy operation the tubes are divided by cutting the tubes so that ova are not
transmitted to uterus.This is the reason that after tubectomy operation pregnancy
cannot take place.
• Tubal Sterilization is a permanent method of contraception where the
fallopian tubes are blocked so that the ova or eggs are prevented from
traveling to the uterus from the ovary.
•
• Intrauterine Devices
• An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, plastic, T-shaped device that is inserted into the
uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs contain copper or the hormone levonorgestrel (LNg).
Plastic strings tied to the end of the IUD hang down through the opening of the uterus
(cervix) into the vagina.

An IUD is a small, T-shaped plastic device that is wrapped in copper or contains hormones. The IUD is
inserted into your uterus by your doctor. A plastic string tied to the end of the IUD hangs down through
the cervix into the vagina. You can check that the IUD is in place by feeling for this string. The string is
also used by your doctor to remove the IUD.

Types of IUDs

• Levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD . The levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD, also known as Mirena, releases
levonorgestrel, which is a form of progestin. The LNg IUD appears to be slightly more
effective at preventing pregnancy than the copper IUD. Also, unlike other IUDs, it may
reduce the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The LNg IUD is effective for at least 5
years.
• Copper IUD . The most commonly used IUD is the copper IUD (such as Paragard). Copper
wire is wound around the stem of the T-shaped IUD. The copper IUD can stay in place for at
least 10 years and is a highly effective form of contraception.
•

• Norplant Implants
What are Norplant implants?
Norplant is an effective, long-acting, reversible contraceptive for women that protects for up to five
years. Six thin, flexible capsules made of a soft, rubberlike material, filled with a synthetic progestin,

Compiled by: KISSIELYN SETERRA

 Family Planning
are inserted just under the skin of a woman's upper arm in a minor surgical procedure. The implants
do not contain estrogen. Protection is generally provided within 24 hours after the insertion, and the
woman rapidly returns to her normal fertility when the implants are removed. The most common
side effect is change in menstrual bleeding patterns.

How do Norplant implants work?

Pregnancy is prevented in Norplant users by a combination of mechanisms. The most important of
these are the inhibition of ovulation and the thickening of the cervical mucus, which makes it
impermeable to sperm. Other mechanisms may add to these contraceptive effects.

What are the capsules' components?

Norplant implants are made with silicone rubber tubing filled with a synthetic hormone. This
contraceptive is not made of new ingredients; the tubing has been used in surgical applications since
the 1950s and the hormone released by the implants, levonorgestrel, has been used in combined oral
contraceptives and in the minipill for more than 20 years. What is different about the Norplant
implant method is the way it delivers the contraceptive drug to the body.

How effective are Norplant implants?

The Norplant implant method is one of the most effective reversible contraceptives available. For
every 1,000 women who use Norplant implants for a year, fewer than two will become pregnant.
During the first five years of use, Norplant implants have a lower failure rate than the pill or most
IUDs and the method's efficacy can be compared to surgical sterilization. The cumulative pregnancy
rate for the entire five years is 1.1 per 100 users.

• Vaginal Methods
Vaginal methods
Vaginal methods are contraceptives that a woman places in her vagina shortly before sex. There are
several vaginal methods:

• Spermicides, including foaming tablets or suppositories, melting suppositories, foam, melting

film, jelly and cream.

• Diaphragm, a soft rubber cup that covers the cervix. It should be used with spermicidal jelly
or cream.

• Cervical cap is like the diaphragm but is smaller. It is not widely available outside North
America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.

Spermicides work by killing sperm or making sperm unable to move towards the egg. Diaphragms
block the sperm from entering the uterus and tubes, when sperm could meet an egg.

Advantages:

• Safe, woman controlled methods that almost every woman can use.
• Help prevent some STDs and conditions caused by STDs--- pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy and possibly cervical cancer. May offer some protection
against HIV/AIDS, but this has not been demonstrated yet.
• It offers contraception when needed. No daily action needed.
• No side effects from hormones.
• No effect on breast milk.
•

Compiled by: KISSIELYN SETERRA

 Family Planning
•

• Condoms
• A condom is a barrier device most commonly used during sexual intercourse to
reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and spreading sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs—such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV). It is put on a man's erect penis
and physically blocks ejaculated semen from entering the body of a sexual
partner. Because condoms are waterproof, elastic, and durable, they are also
used in a variety of secondary applications. These include collection of semen
for use in infertility treatment as well as non-sexual uses such as creating
waterproof microphones and protecting rifle barrels from clogging.

Compiled by: KISSIELYN SETERRA

 Family Planning

POWER POINT

PRESENTATION

SUBMITTED BY: KISSIELYN SETERRA

( BSCS 1A )

SUBMITTED TO: MELZAM PAULINO

( Instructor )

Compiled by: KISSIELYN SETERRA