Contents

1 Problem 1.61 2 Problem 1.67 3 Problem 1.71 2 3 6

Problem 1.61

For the circuit in Figure 1, show that vc Rl = vb r + ( + 1) Re and ve Re = vb Re + [r / ( + 1)]

(1)

(2)

Figure 1: Circuit for P1.61

Solution: Start by nding the equation to describe the base-emitter mesh

ib (r + Re ) vb + ib Re = 0 Solving (3) for vb gives

(3)

vb = ib (r + Re ) + ib Re vb = ib (r + Re + Re ) vb = ib [r + (1 + )Re ] 2 (4)

Now, by inspection, the relation for vc is

vc = ib Rl Utilizing (4) and (5) the following ratio can be deduced

(5)

vc  ib Rl = i [ r + (1 + )Re ] vb b  vc Rl = vb r + (1 + )Re To prove (2), start by nding the relationship for the emitter voltage (6)

ve = (ib + ib )Re ve = ib (1 + )Re Now, utilizing (4) and (5), the following relationship can be formulated (7)

ve ib (1 + )Re  = vb i [ r b + (1 + )Re ]  ve (1 + )Re = vb r + (1 + )Re Factoring out a (1 + ) from the denominator of (8) provides (8)

 ve (1 + )Re  =  r vb (1 + ) (1+  ) + Re ve = vb Re

r (1+ )

(9) + Re

Problem 1.67

For the circuit shown in Figure 2, nd the transfer function T (s) = Vo (s)/Vi (s), and arrange it in the appropriate standard form from Table 1. Is this a high-pass or a low-pass network? What is the transmission at very high frequencies? [Estimate this directly, as well as by letting s in your expression for T (s).] What is the corner frequency 0 ? For R1 = 10 k, R2 = 40 k, and C = 0.1 F, nd f0 . What is the value of |T (j0 )|?

Table 1: Table for P1.67

Figure 2: Circuit for P1.67

Solution: The following transfer function is found by using a voltage divider

Vo (s) =

R2 R1 + R2 +

1 sC

Vi (s)

Vo (s) sCR2 = Vi (s) sC (R1 + R2 ) + 1 s Vo (s) = Vi (s) s+

R2 R1 +R2 1 C (R1 +R2 )

(10)

Using Table 1, it can be concluded that the above s-domain transfer function describes a high-pass lter. The corner 4

frequency is

0 =

1 C (R1 + R2 ) 1 0.1 F(10 k + 40 k 1 5e 3

(11)

0 = 200 rad/s Noting the following relationship 0 2

(12)

f0 = allows us to say that the corner frequency is

(13)

f0 =

200 rad/s 2 (14)

f0 = 31.8309 Hz Letting s gives

s T () = lim
s

s+

R2 R1 +R2 1 C (R1 +R2 ) R2 R1 +R2 1 sC (R1 +R2 )

= lim

1+

R2 R1 +R2

1 R2 R1 + R2 40 k 10 k + 40 k V V (15)

T () = 0.8

Finally, to nd the magnitude to the transfer function, note that

j T (j ) = j +

R2 R1 +R2 1 C (R1 +R2 )

(16)

Therefore,

|T (j )| = 2 + = 2 +

R2 R1 +R2 1 C (R1 +R2 ) 2

40 k 10 k+40 k 1 C (10 k+40 k) 2

0.8 + 2002 (17)

|T (j )| =

0.8 2 + 4e4

Problem 1.71

The unity-gain voltage ampliers in the circuit of Figure 3 have innite input resistance and zero output resistances and thus this function as perfect buers. Convince yourself that the overall gain Vo /Vi will drop by 3 dB below the value at dc at the frequency for which the gain of each RC circuit is 1.0 dB down. What is that frequency in terms of CR?

Figure 3: Circuit for P1.71

The RC combination in each stage acts as a low pass lter, so the transfer function is

T (s) =

1 s 1+ 0

(18)

where 0 is the cut-o frequency dened as 6

0 =

1 RC

(19)

T (j ) =

1 1 + j 0

(20)

Thus the magnitude is

|T (j )| = 12

1 +
0 2

(21)

Now, if we take the log of both sides, we get

20 log(|T (j )|) = 20 log 1 12 +

0

1 = 20 log 1 12 +
0

1 = log 20 1 12 +
0

2 (22)

After using MathCAD, we get

= 0.2588 0 = 0 (0.5087) (23)

Now, substituting (19) into (23) gives

1 (0.5087) RC 0.5087 RC (24)