Standard representation
Chemical equation Combustion of ma"nesium &eaction bet'een ()dro"en "as and copper *II+ o,ide Combustion of ethanol -isplacement of metal -isplacement of halo"en
eriodic Table of Elements roton number 1roup 2 Atomic si.e Meltin" point and /oilin" oint &eacti0it)
Transition metal
Chemical bond Atoms are bonded to"ether to %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4 Ionic bond Co0alent bond
metal
Non metal
Non metal
Non metal
E,ample
E,ample
Ionic compound
Electrochemistr) Electrol)sis Electrical chemical 3 factors 6 At cathode Molten 7ead *II+ /romide At anode Application E,traction of metal
Copper *II+ sulphate solution, carbon electrode Copper *II+ sulphate solution, copper electrode 94992 moldm$3 h)drochloric acid 94: moldm$3 h)drochloric acid urification of metal 8 electroplatin"
!oltaic cell Chemical cell electrical cell Copper $ sil0er Copper $ ma"nesium
Construct the ECS Arran"e the three metals in increasin" order of electropositi0it) E,plain4
Neutrali.ation
Titration Method
Salts S)nthesi.in" salts Soluble Na# 8 =# 8 N(5# Soluble >ther salt Insoluble salt
?ualitati0e Anal)sis of Salt Cation Na+ ,Fe2+ ,Ca2+ ,Fe3+ ,Mg2+ ,Pb2+ , Al3+ ,Cu2+ ,Zn2+ ,NH4+ Anions C>32$ , S>52$, N>3$, Cl$
Manufactured Substances In Industry Sulphuric Acid Manufacture of sulphuric acid @ses of sulphuric acid
En0ironmental problem
@ses of ammonia
Aim of allo)in"
T)pe of "lass Soda l !e,glass "ead crystal glass #oros l cate glass Fused s l cate glass
Main component
Characteristics
Function
&ate of reaction 6 $
Carbon compound
(omolo"ous Series 1eneral Formula Al;ane Al;ene Alcohol Carbo,)lic acid Ester
Functional 1roup
Member 'ith 2C
Chemical roperties
*t&ane
*t&ene Hydration
V II (2> *steam+, 3999C, C9atm, phosphoric acid
*t&anol
III
IV
*t&yl et&anoate
-ifference bet'een al;ane and al;ene AL A!E CnH"n#" Saturated h)drocarbon E,ample 6 he,ane, BBBBBBB $eact on % t& bro! ne %ater, #r2 ' u( rays) AL E!E CnH"n @nsaturated h)drocarbon E,ample 6 he,ene, BBBBBBB $eact on % t& bro! ne %ater, #r2 Brown *+ , *+ , $eact on % t& ac d f ed -otass u! !anganate'.II) solut on Purple ////////
No ( s ble c&ange
*+ , burns % t& a yello% sooty fla!e burns % t& a yello% /////sooty fla!e because ////////////////////////////////// /////////////// *+ ,
*+,
&edo, reaction &edo, reaction >,idation Transfer of o,)"en Transfer of h)dro"en >,idation number Transfer of electron &eduction
E,ample of redo, reaction *A+ chan"e of iron *II+ ions to iron *III+ ions and 0ice 0ersa
>bser0ation 6 (alf equation 6 2+ 2+ Chan"e of iron *III+ ions to iron *II+ ions Ionic equation 6
>bser0ation 6 (alf equation 6 2+ 2+ */+ -isplacement of metal from its salt solution Ionic equation 6
>bser0ation 6 (alf equation 6 2+ 2+ *C+ -isplacement of halo"en from its halide solution Ionic equation 6
*E',C&!) A)E!TS Cl 2
02Cr215
#r 2
Cl 2
I2
I 2 I2 + 2e Colourless yello%
#r 2
Fe 3+
Thermochemistr) -efinition (eat of displacemen t (eat of precipitation (eat of neutrali.atio n E,ample Calculation E,planation
(eat of combustion
Chemical for Consumers Soap and -eter"ent Saponification Cleansin" action of soap
Food Additi0es
E,amples
Function
Medicines
E,amples
Function