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Chapter 2 The Structure of an atom

Atom , Molecule, Ion Structure of an atom Isotope Electronic structure

Standard representation

Chapter 3 Chemical Formulae and Equations

Mol Number of articles Mass of substance !olume of "as

Chemical formulae Cations M"2# % % Ionic compound Anions Cl$ % %

Chemical equation Combustion of ma"nesium &eaction bet'een ()dro"en "as and copper *II+ o,ide Combustion of ethanol -isplacement of metal -isplacement of halo"en

eriodic Table of Elements roton number 1roup 2 Atomic si.e Meltin" point and /oilin" oint &eacti0it)

1roup 23 eriod 3 Special characteristics 24 24 34 54 E,ample

Transition metal

roperties of metal o,ide in eriod 3

Chemical bond Atoms are bonded to"ether to %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4 Ionic bond Co0alent bond

metal

Non metal

Non metal

Non metal

E,ample

E,ample

Ionic compound

Compare and contrast the properties of Co0alent compound

Electrochemistr) Electrol)sis Electrical chemical 3 factors 6 At cathode Molten 7ead *II+ /romide At anode Application E,traction of metal

Copper *II+ sulphate solution, carbon electrode Copper *II+ sulphate solution, copper electrode 94992 moldm$3 h)drochloric acid 94: moldm$3 h)drochloric acid urification of metal 8 electroplatin"

!oltaic cell Chemical cell electrical cell Copper $ sil0er Copper $ ma"nesium

At ne"ati0e terminal6 At positi0e terminal 6

At ne"ati0e terminal 6 At positi0e terminal 6

Construct the ECS Arran"e the three metals in increasin" order of electropositi0it) E,plain4

Acids and Bases Acid Al;ali

Stron" acid $ ( <ea; acid$ p(

Stron" Al;ali$p( <ea; al;ali$ p(

Chemical roperties Acid Al;ali

Concentration and Molarit)

Neutrali.ation

Titration Method

Salts S)nthesi.in" salts Soluble Na# 8 =# 8 N(5# Soluble >ther salt Insoluble salt

?ualitati0e Anal)sis of Salt Cation Na+ ,Fe2+ ,Ca2+ ,Fe3+ ,Mg2+ ,Pb2+ , Al3+ ,Cu2+ ,Zn2+ ,NH4+ Anions C>32$ , S>52$, N>3$, Cl$

Effect of (eat on carbonate salt

Effect of heat on nitrate salt

Manufactured Substances In Industry Sulphuric Acid Manufacture of sulphuric acid @ses of sulphuric acid

En0ironmental problem

Ammonia Manufacture of Ammonia

@ses of ammonia

roduction of fertili.er * ammonium sulphate

Allo)s T)pe of allo) and its uses

Aim of allo)in"

T)pe of "lass Soda l !e,glass "ead crystal glass #oros l cate glass Fused s l cate glass

Main component

Characteristics

Function

&ate of reaction 6 $

A0era"e rate of reaction A

Instantaneous &ate of reaction at T2 A

Explain the effects of 4 factors by using Collision Theory


Presence of catal)st

Higher Temperature of reactants

Smaller Si.e of reactants

Higher Concentration of reactants

5 factors affectin" rate of reaction


*A+ Si.e of reactants 8 Total surface area of reactants */+ Temperature of reactants

*C+ Concentration of reactants

*-+ resence of catal)st

Carbon compound

(omolo"ous Series 1eneral Formula Al;ane Al;ene Alcohol Carbo,)lic acid Ester

Functional 1roup

Member 'ith 2C

Chemical roperties

*t&ane

*t&ene Hydration
V II (2> *steam+, 3999C, C9atm, phosphoric acid

*t&anol

III

IV

*t&yl et&anoate

*t&ano c ac d <rite the equations in0ol0ed I II III I! !

-ifference bet'een al;ane and al;ene AL A!E CnH"n#" Saturated h)drocarbon E,ample 6 he,ane, BBBBBBB $eact on % t& bro! ne %ater, #r2 ' u( rays) AL E!E CnH"n @nsaturated h)drocarbon E,ample 6 he,ene, BBBBBBB $eact on % t& bro! ne %ater, #r2 Brown *+ , *+ , $eact on % t& ac d f ed -otass u! !anganate'.II) solut on Purple ////////

No ( s ble c&ange

*+ , burns % t& a yello% sooty fla!e burns % t& a yello% /////sooty fla!e because ////////////////////////////////// /////////////// *+ ,

*+,

&edo, reaction &edo, reaction >,idation Transfer of o,)"en Transfer of h)dro"en >,idation number Transfer of electron &eduction

E,ample of redo, reaction *A+ chan"e of iron *II+ ions to iron *III+ ions and 0ice 0ersa

>bser0ation 6 (alf equation 6 2+ 2+ Chan"e of iron *III+ ions to iron *II+ ions Ionic equation 6

>bser0ation 6 (alf equation 6 2+ 2+ */+ -isplacement of metal from its salt solution Ionic equation 6

>bser0ation 6 (alf equation 6 2+ 2+ *C+ -isplacement of halo"en from its halide solution Ionic equation 6

>bser0ation 6 (alf equation 6 2+ 2+ Ionic equation 6

*-+ Transfer of electrons at a distance

>bser0ation 6 (alf equation 6 2+ 2+ Ionic equation 6

$%&'&(&!) A)E!TS 0!n14

$BSE*+AT&$! Mn14 2 + 3 H+ + 4e Mn2+ + 4H21 Pur-le colourless

*E',C&!) A)E!TS Cl 2

$BSE*+AT&$! Cl2 Cl2 + 2e Colourless -ale yello%

02Cr215

Cr21522 + 64H+ + 7e 2Cr3+ + 2H21 1range green

#r 2

#r 2 #r2 + 2e Colourless orange

Cl 2

Cl2 + 2e 2Cl 8 Pale yello% colourless

I2

I 2 I2 + 2e Colourless yello%

#r 2

#r2 + 2e 2#r 8 1range colourless

Fe 3+

Fe3+ Fe2+ + e 9ello% -ale green

Thermochemistr) -efinition (eat of displacemen t (eat of precipitation (eat of neutrali.atio n E,ample Calculation E,planation

(eat of combustion

Chemical for Consumers Soap and -eter"ent Saponification Cleansin" action of soap

Effecti0eness of soap and deter"ent in hard 'ater

Food Additi0es

E,amples

Function

Side effects on health

Medicines

E,amples

Function

Side effects on health

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