A Self-Consistent, Dynamic Model for the Evolution of the Galaxy-Dark Matter Connection

Frank van den Bosch

Yale University
In collaboration with: Xiaohu Yang, Houjun Mo, Youcai Zhang, Jiaxin Han Yang et al. 2011, ApJ, 741, 13 Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

SubHalo Abundance Matching (SHAM)

Halo+Subhalo Mass Function Galaxy Luminosity Function

log[dn/dlnM]

total host halos subhalos at accretion

log M

log[dn/dlnL]

log L

Establish connection between galaxy luminosity and halo mass by matching their abundances: n (> L) = n (> M ) + n (> M )
g h sh
Mo & Fukugita 1996; Mo, Mao & White 1999; Vale & Ostriker 2004, 2006; Conroy et al. 2006; Shankar et al. 2006; Conroy & Wechsler 2009; Moster et al. 2010; Behroozi et al. 2010; Wetzel & White 2010

SubHalo Abundance Matching (SHAM)

Halo+Subhalo Mass Function Galaxy Luminosity Function

log[dn/dlnM]

total host halos subhalos at accretion

log M

log[dn/dlnL]

log L

Establish connection between galaxy luminosity and halo mass by matching their abundances: n (> L) = n (> M ) + n (> M )
g h sh
Mo & Fukugita 1996; Mo, Mao & White 1999; Vale & Ostriker 2004, 2006; Conroy et al. 2006; Shankar et al. 2006; Conroy & Wechsler 2009; Moster et al. 2010; Behroozi et al. 2010; Wetzel & White 2010

SubHalo Abundance Matching (SHAM)

Halo+Subhalo Mass Function Galaxy Luminosity Function

log[dn/dlnM]

total host halos subhalos at accretion

log M

log[dn/dlnL]

log L

Establish connection between galaxy luminosity and halo mass by matching their abundances: n (> L) = n (> M ) + n (> M )
g h sh
Mo & Fukugita 1996; Mo, Mao & White 1999; Vale & Ostriker 2004, 2006; Conroy et al. 2006; Shankar et al. 2006; Conroy & Wechsler 2009; Moster et al. 2010; Behroozi et al. 2010; Wetzel & White 2010

SubHalo Abundance Matching (SHAM)

Halo+Subhalo Mass Function Galaxy Luminosity Function

log[dn/dlnM]

total host halos subhalos at accretion

log M

log[dn/dlnL]

log L

Establish connection between galaxy luminosity and halo mass by matching their abundances: n (> L) = n (> M ) + n (> M )
g h sh
Mo & Fukugita 1996; Mo, Mao & White 1999; Vale & Ostriker 2004, 2006; Conroy et al. 2006; Shankar et al. 2006; Conroy & Wechsler 2009; Moster et al. 2010; Behroozi et al. 2010; Wetzel & White 2010

SHAMs Amazing Success

Has no free parameters (or one; scatter) Only requires stellar mass functions: easier than correlation functions. Fits the observed correlation functions amazingly well!!!
DATA: SDSS @ z~0.1 DATA: DEEP-2 @ z~1

Source: Conroy, Wechsler & Kravtsov (2006)

SHAMs inconsistency problem

For satellites, SHAM uses (sub)halo mass at accretion, which is treated similar as a host halo of same mass at z=0. Hidden Assumption: M-L relation doesnt evolve! Inconsistency: SHAM itself shows that M-L relation does evolve! Solution: Use M-L relation at accretion redshift to populate subhalos with satellites. This is not possible with SHAM without some iterative scheme... Even when you can establish the galaxy-dark matter connection at different redshifts, this still does not constitute a dynamic model

Source: Conroy & Wechsler (2009)

Galaxy-Dark Matter Connection across Cosmic Time

central galaxies The Model
Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

2 (log M /M ) 1 EXP c (M |M, z ) = 2 2c 2 c

M = M (M, z ) c = c (z )

9 free parameters

Frank van den Bosch

Yale University

Galaxy-Dark Matter Connection across Cosmic Time

central galaxies The Model
Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

2 (log M /M ) 1 EXP c (M |M, z ) = 2 2c 2 c

M = M (M, z ) c = c (z )

9 free parameters

satellite galaxies are centrals at infall:

s (M |M, z ) =
0

dM,a

M 0

dma

dza

M 0

dMa

1
0

d c (M,a |ma , za ) nsub (ma , za |M, z )

P (M , z |M,a , za ; ma ; Ma , ) P (Ma , za |M, z ) P ( )

Frank van den Bosch

Yale University

Galaxy-Dark Matter Connection across Cosmic Time

central galaxies The Model
Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

2 (log M /M ) 1 EXP c (M |M, z ) = 2 2c 2 c

M = M (M, z ) c = c (z )

9 free parameters

satellite galaxies are centrals at infall:

s (M |M, z ) =
0

dM,a

M 0

dma

dza

M 0

dMa

1
0

d c (M,a |ma , za ) nsub (ma , za |M, z )

P (M , z |M,a , za ; ma ; Ma , ) P (Ma , za |M, z ) P ( )

a highly simplified model for the dynamical evolution of satellites:

P (M , z |M,a , za ; ma ; Ma , ) =

{0

D (M M,a )

if t < tdf (m, M, z, ) otherwise

Frank van den Bosch

Yale University

Galaxy-Dark Matter Connection across Cosmic Time

central galaxies The Model
Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

2 (log M /M ) 1 EXP c (M |M, z ) = 2 2c 2 c

M = M (M, z ) c = c (z )

9 free parameters

satellite galaxies are centrals at infall:

s (M |M, z ) =
0

dM,a

M 0

dma

dza

M 0

dMa

1
0

d c (M,a |ma , za ) nsub (ma , za |M, z )

P (M , z |M,a , za ; ma ; Ma , ) P (Ma , za |M, z ) P ( )

a highly simplified model for the dynamical evolution of satellites:

P (M , z |M,a , za ; ma ; Ma , ) =

{0

D (M M,a )

if t < tdf (m, M, z, ) otherwise

free parameter

Frank van den Bosch

Yale University

Fit to Stellar Mass Functions across Cosmic Time

Data: Yang et al (2009; z~0.1) Perez-Gonzales et al. (2008)

Source: Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

Fit 0 : Fit 1 : 2PCF : CSMF :

!=0 --> no sats !=! --> no evolution t to "(M ) + 2PCF t to "(M ) + "(M |M,z=0)

Fit to Two-Point Correlation Functions at z=0.1

Data: SDSS DR7 (Yang et al. 2011)

Source: Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

Fit 0 : Fit 1 : 2PCF : CSMF :

!=0 --> no sats !=! --> no evolution t to "(M ) + 2PCF t to "(M ) + "(M |M,z=0)

Fit to Conditional Stellar Mass Functions at z=0.1

Data: SDSS Galaxy Group Catalogues (Yang et al. 2009)

Source: Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

Fit 0 : Fit 1 : 2PCF : CSMF :

!=0 --> no sats !=! --> no evolution t to "(M ) + 2PCF t to "(M ) + "(M |M,z=0)

Stellar Assembly Histories of Galaxies

centrals

surviving satellites

accreted satellites

stellar halo

Source: Yang et al. 2011 [arXiv:1110.1420]

The Stellar Assembly History of Central Galaxies

Stellar Mass Growth is truncated ones halo mass reaches 1012 h1 M

CONCLUSIONS
We presented the first fully self-consistent, dynamic model of the galaxy-dark matter connection across cosmic time. The model accurately matches all data (stellar mass functions, correlation functions, conditional stellar mass functions) Limiting factor is accuracy of stellar mass functions at high z. Additional limitation is restriction of model (e.g. Neistein et al. 2011) Time scale for satellite disruption ~ dynamical friction time. Central galaxies `quench once halo mass reaches ~10 Msun Stellar mass growth of centrals is COMPLETELY decoupled from mass growth of its host halo; star formation only happens over roughly one decade in halo mass: 1011 - 10 12Msun
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