SOME CONSTRAINTS
IN THE ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS
AT SD MUHAMMADIYAH GIRIKERTO
THESIS
Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirements
for the Attainment of the Sarjana Degree
in English Language Education
By:
Saptin Ambarwati
04202244017
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
categorized as a local content subject, it can be taught based on the demand of the
concerned local society and the availability of the teacher. As stated in the
elementary school may add other subjects as the local content by concerning the
The English teaching and learning process in elementary school has been
supporting this process will influence the whole teaching and learning process.
The lack in any factors, even if one factor, may cause a constraint in the English
taught there since 2004, but the English teaching and learning process does not
work optimally. According to the English teacher, the students’ English learning
improve the students’ English learning achievement but those are unsuccessful.
process should be known and solved because they do not only influence the
Based on the explanation above, this study tries to find and describe the
possible that there are many constraints in the teaching and learning process that
some of the teaching and learning process components. Components that might be
the sources of constraints are students, teachers, materials, methods, media, time
The first constraint relates to the students. The teaching and learning
The second constraint relates to the teacher. The teacher is a key factor for
the success of the teaching and learning process. The teacher is a person who
plans, implements, and evaluates the students’ learning activities. He or she has
instructional goal. The teacher plays many roles. He or she acts as an analyst,
The third constraint relates to the materials. The role of materials in the
teaching and learning process is as the medium to achieve the goal. If the material
does not fulfill its function, the goal may not be achieved optimally. In this case,
the material may be uninteresting or too difficult for the students. It can be caused
by some factors. First, in choosing the material the teacher does not consider other
components such as the goal, learners’ characteristics and needs, the learners’
environment and the language development. Second, the teacher’s ability to find a
The methodology of the teaching and learning process may become the
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next source of constraint. In the teaching and learning process there are
interactions are designed to achieve the instructional goals with the instructional
material as the medium. Sometimes, something that happen in the classroom are
out of the teacher’s expectation. For example, the classroom is noisy and learners’
chosen method for the teaching and learning process is inappropriate. In this case,
The fifth constraint deals with the media. The use of media intends to
support the achievement of the instructional objective. The use of media often
makes the materials delivery more effective. Teachers are often use and create the
media to support the English teaching and learning process. The use of media may
The sixth kind of constraint may be related to the time and space. To
achieve the instructional goal, there is a time limit. The teacher needs to organize
it well. The length and the frequency of classes, therefore, may become sources of
Supporting services consist of everything in the school that takes role, directly or
indirectly, to the instructional process in the classroom. The places that are not
conducive such as the small size of the class and the dirty class may become
unsuccessful. In teaching and learning process, the teacher also needs equipments,
for examples OHP, LCD, computer, etc. Sometimes the teacher cannot obtain
these equipments. Simple matters such as the dirty class, broken furniture, or the
There are many constraints affecting the English teaching and learning
process. It is difficult for the researcher to find out all constraints of the English
teaching and learning process as described above. This is caused by the limited
time, ability, and knowledge of the researcher. This research will focus on the
constraints faced by the teacher and the students, and concern to the materials,
There are some reasons for choosing the constraints relate to the teacher,
students, materials, time and space. First, the teachers’ and students’ behaviors are
observable. Second, the teachers and students are components that mutually
interact. Third, the teachers and students are the instructional components that are
ready to change for a better performance. Forth, the materials, time and space are
problem is “What are the constraints in the English teaching and learning process
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faced by the teacher and the students, concerning the materials, time and space at
SD Muhammadiyah Girikerto?”
find and describe the constraints faced by the teacher and the students, and
concern to the materials, time and space in the English teaching and learning
1. For the English teacher, it is expected that this study will give resources of
2. For the headmaster, it is expected that this study will give information
3. For other researchers, it is expected that this study will inspire and
places.