Chapter 15 Section 2

 Describe 4 properties of acids

 Identify 4 uses of acids

 Describe 4 properties of bases

 Identify 4 uses of bases

 Can you list some foods that contain acid?

 What taste do these foods have?

 What about drinks??

 Sour taste is not the only property of an acid

 They can cause some substances to change

color (Ex: lemon in tea)

 Acid: any compound that increases the # of

hydronium ions (H3O⁺) when dissolved in
water
 Hydronium ions form when a hydrogen ion (H⁺) separates from the
acid and bonds with a water molecule
 Raeder’s Chem4Kids.com
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidb
ase.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/CHEMICAL/imgche/acid.gif
  Bite a lemon or lime – whew!

 Citric acid is used to flavor

food and drink

 NEVER try to taste a corrosive

acid

 Most acids are also poisonous

http://img.actressarchives.com/features/braingasm/Baby-lemon-face.png
  Indicator: a substance that changes color in
the presence of an acid or base

 Litmus paper strips

 Bromthymol blue (Fig 2, pg. 423)

http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/sstutorial/Text12/AcidBaseRxns/litmus.gif
  Acids react with some metals to produce
hydrogen gas

 Ex: hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal to

produce hydrogen gas (Fig 3, pg. 423)

http://images.dpchallenge.com/images_challenge/0-999/553/800/Copyrighted_Image_Reuse_Prohibited_395335.jpg
 The chemical equation:
 2HCL + Zn H2 + ZnCl2

 Zinc displaces hydrogen in the compound

HCL

 Zinc is an active metal

 When acids dissolve in water, they break
apart and form ions in the solution

 Ions make it possible for the solution to

conduct an electric current

 Ex: a car battery (sulfuric acid)

 In industry& in homes:
 Sulfuric acid – to make paper, paint, detergents,
fertilizers
 HCL – to make metals from their ores, swimming
pools, in your stomach
 Hydrofluoric acid – to etch glass
 Citric acid/Ascorbic acid – in orange juice
 Phosphoric acid – gives a sharp taste to soft drinks
 Base: any compound that increases the # of
hydroxide ions (OHˉ), when dissolved in
water

 Hydroxide ions give bases their properties

 Raeder’s Chem4Kids.com
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidb
ase.html
 Example: sodium hydroxide breaks apart to
form sodium ions and hydroxide ions

 Formula: NaOH Na⁺ + OHˉ

 Have you ever tasted soap??? (been in trouble
lately – huh?)

 Many bases are corrosive like acids are

 NEVER attempt to taste unknown bases

  Most indicators turn color in the presence of
bases than they do in acids

 Turn red litmus paper blue

 Turns dark blue with bromthymol blue (Fig 6,

pg. 426)

http://serc.carleton.edu/images/eslabs/corals/bromothymol_blue_solution.jpg
  Increase the # of hydroxide ions in a solution

http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/ENV211/changes/weakbase.gif
 Sodium hydroxide – makes soap & paper,
oven cleaners, unclogs drains

 Calcium hydroxide – makes cement & plaster

 Ammonia – household cleaners, fertilizers

 Magnesium hydroxide & aluminum hydroxide

– antacids for heartburn
 Classify each of the following compounds as
acidic or basic: soap, vinegar, bleach, baking
soda, ammonia, lemonade, magnesium
hydroxide

 When an acid is added to water, does the # of

hydronium ions increase or decrease?