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Pressure group can play a big and important role in the internal management of a state or in tackling global issues. But its also can create problems when they force their will upon legislators and government administrators.
Pressure group can play a big and important role in the internal management of a state or in tackling global issues. But its also can create problems when they force their will upon legislators and government administrators.
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Pressure group can play a big and important role in the internal management of a state or in tackling global issues. But its also can create problems when they force their will upon legislators and government administrators.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai DOC, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
40450 SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN ASSIGNMENT 1(ePJJ) PAD 170
NAMA : ASYURA BINTI HASAN
NO.ID : 2008510245
GROUP : EAMP2A
COURSE : AM110
LECTURER : DR. MAT SANI BIN HASSAN
1. Elaborate FIVE (5)strategies that can be used by pressure groups to achieve their objectives. The objective of pressure group is to influence government policies and actions in favour of their wants and needs. Among strategies that can be used by pressure groups to achieve their objectives are lobbying. Lobbying can take carried out by writing petitions, setting up meetings or through the telephone, fax machine or computers. There is important to ensure that public policies and state laws rule in their favour and would serve their interest. Second strategies are Boycott or demonstration that usually popular tactics used in industrial conflict between the trade union and their employer. This strategy is used when the demands made by the workers are ignored or turned down by their employer. Third strategy is propaganda or media campaign. This method used by individuals or group in an effort to form, control or change the attitude and views of other groups either through speeches, writings or actions. This strategy involves the use of media which may be in the form of books and flyers or electronic media such as television and radio. Next strategy is support party candidates that involves the show of public support by pressure groups towards party candidates running in an election in the hope should the candidate or the party win in the election then their interests would be in the party’s list of priorities. The fifth tactics is riots or the use of force that considered as illegitimate and a direct abuse of the law. This strategy is a very unhealthy and dangerous method of gaining influence as it could lead to the loss of lives and property. Its also should be the last choice or better still should not be an option to pressure groups due to its negative outcome and harmful impact. In conclusion, pressure group can play a big and important role in the internal management of a state or in tackling global issues but its also can create problems when they force their will upon legislators and government administrators who can lower standards of public morality and distort public policies to their advantage instead of for the interest of the general public.
2. Explain any four (4) groups of people who do not have a
right to vote.
Qualifications of voters vary from one political system to the
others. However, there are several groups of people who do not have a right to vote. Among the criteria of people who do not have a right to vote is people who are not have citizenship. Citizenship of voters is of vital importance as it signifies loyalty towards his country. Next criteria is underage because the level of maturity is measured by age. Some countries fixed the minimum age to qualify as a voter as 18 and some 21 where this individuals are considered capable of making wise and responsible decisions. Beside that, unregistered people also do not have a right to vote because every citizen must register as a voter as only a registered voter is allowed to vote. Lastly are people who vote by coercion. The act of voting is on a voluntary basis in line with principle of democracy so the voters must be voluntarism voter. In conclusion, the voters have to elect their representative and become members of the legislative assembly for the sake of their country. 3. Explain any (4) roles of political party.
Political parties perform several important roles on the political
and social system of a country. Apart of this role is integration into the political system. In an effort to secure votes, political parties welcome new groups into their system and allow them to have a say or input into the formation of party platforms. This makes the group feel represented and gives them sense of belonging and loyalty towards supporting the overall system. Secondly, political parties play role as a link between the people and the government. Although they play a more obvious role during elections, however for a democracy system to work effectively, political parties need to be operative continuously. They also create and keep open lines of communication between the people and government. Thirdly, the most obvious role of a political party is mobilizing the masses and getting them to vote. In campaigning for their candidates, it’s the party’s job to arouse voter interest and boost voter turnout on the day of election. To ensure this, parties must use various strategies and means to choose among complex alternatives for examples utilizing the mass media and organizing rallies. Lastly, political parties as a formation of government. The ultimate goal of a political party is to secure political power and ensure it would remain in power. To ensure this happen, parties must supply majorities without which government cannot be formed or remain in power. Political parties also provide alternative for the people in choosing their government and prevent the same people from remaining in power for too long. Thus, guarantee the electorates that change in government is possible and can be affected if they wish it. 4. Analyze any three (3) types of political party system that you are familiar with.
Party system can be classifying as interactions of parties with
each other and with the overall political system whether it’s stable or not depends much on the party system. There are three types of political party system. First is the one-party system which can be characterized by a single party that controls every level of government and this is the only party legally allowed to exist and operate. Some people think that this type of party system as undemocratic as it does not allow fair elections or public opinion. The examples of country that use this party system are China and Africa. Second types of party system is the two-party system which is more familiar to us with its essential features being only two parties share the major part of the electoral vote and have political control and these major party alternate in the exercise of power. The examples of country that implement this two-party system are Canada and USA. The third type of party system is the multiparty system which has several competing parties and no party obtain the majority in the legislature to enable it to form a government. This system is usually unstable government because different ideologies and coalition government is unable to sustain power for long, thus not permitting continuity of policies. This system also care about minority interest. 5. State and explain any three (3) types of interest group.
Interest groups can be categorized in a variety of ways. They
can be seen in terms of their organizational degree (peak associations vs. membership associations), their structure (traditional associations vs. spontaneous and unconventional initiatives and movements), their legal forms, or their motivational character. They don't seek to win elections and form government. They are also known as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). First type of interest group is institutional groups. Institutional groups are those groups which are within the government and attempt to exert influence or pressure through the machinery of the government itself. In other words, they act internally (through negotiation and dialogue) to influence public decisions or policies or to defend their own interests. These are relatively well-structured, formal enduring organizations with stable membership, clear objectives and in-depth knowledge of all the sectors of government and their clients. They are established for purposes other than political activity. As they are part of government departments or agencies, they are politically neutral. Public sector unions (like CUEPACS), the Military (Army, Air Force and the Navy), the Police, the Bureaucracy and Universities are the clearest examples of institutional groups.
Second type of interest groups is Associational groups. These
are formally organized groups which articulate the shared interests of their members over long periods of time and try to achieve the specific and particular objectives of their members. They are also called promotional or protective or functional or professional groups. Associational groups promote economic and vocational interests, pubic interest or single issues or protect and safeguard the interests of their members. Trade unions, business and commercial associations, trade associations, consumer associations, professional bodies, etc., are prime examples of this type of group. Their unique character is that they represent a section of society like, workers (both public and private sector), consumers, employers, farmers, fishermen, miners, professionals, home owners, pensioners, etc. Some examples of associational groups in Malaysia are: Association of Banks in Malaysia (ABM); Association of Private Hospitals; Bar Council Malaysia; Federation of Malaysia Manufacturers (FMM); Malaysian Trade Union Congress (MTUC); Malaysian Medical Association (MMA); Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM); Malaysian Human Rights Society (HAKAM); Consumer Association of Penang (CAP) ; FOMCA; Farmers Association of Malaysia.
A third type of interest group is Non-Associational groups.
These are the complete opposite of associational interest groups. They have no formal organization. They are composed of individuals who feel close to others on the basis of class, race, religion, culture or gender. They seldom act as coherent political groups, but they are often regarded by others as if they represent an interest even though they have no formal authorization to do so. Although they may not currently be organized, they could become powerfully organized political groups under right and appropriate circumstances. These groups are present in every society and at times they may form temporary, loosely- structured organizations to plan and coordinate political activity in an informal way with regard to a particular issue. They disappear when the issue is longer pressing. However, if this group becomes more formalized and enduring, it is changed into an associational interest group. French Canadians, Protestants, Catholics, Muslims and Westerners, Consumers, University students and Sport groups are examples. 6. Identify the concept of ‘ No party System’.
Concept of no party system is also same with single party
system because single political party forms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election. In most cases, parties other than the one in power are banned. Although other political parties are sometimes allowed under a single-party system, these other parties must subordinate themselves to the dominant party and cannot function as an opposition. One-party systems often arise from decolonization because one party has had an overwhelmingly dominant role in liberation or in independence struggles.
7. Explain the five (5) conditions that must be met before
an individual can vote.
The conditions that must be met before an individual can vote
are, first is citizenship. The voters must has a citizenship because it’s signifies loyalty towards his country. This will then influence the voter’s sense of responsibility in the voting process.
Second condition is maturity. The level of maturity is
measured by age. Usually the country fixed the minimum age to qualify as a voter as 18 and some 21 where these individuals are considered capable of making wise and responsible decisions.
Third condition is register voter. Every citizen must register as
a voter as only a registered voter is allowed to vote.
Next condition is voluntarism. The act of voting is on a
voluntary basis in line with principle of democracy.
Lastly is compulsory voting. Some countries, however do
adhere to the principle of compulsory voting. 8. Explain any Five (5) merits of the Geographical Representative system.
Representative system is a system of government
in which a small group is elected by the people during a general election to act as their representatives in making laws and conducting government. Geographical representative system is one representative elected from each district and the candidate with the largest number of voter in a particular district is considered as the winner in the election.