International Design Codes

Indian Codes - Steel Design per IS 800:2007

11F.2.2 Section Classification
The IS 800: 2007 specification allows inelastic deformation of section elements. Thus local
buckling becomes an important criterion.
Steel sections are classified as Plastic, Compact, Semi-Compact, or Slender element sections
depending upon their local buckling characteristics.
This classification is a function of the geometric properties of the section as well as nature of
the load applied to the member. The design procedures are different depending on the section
class.
STAAD is capable of determining the section classification for the standard shapes and
design the section for the critical load case accordingly. The Section Classification is done as
per section 3.7 of IS 800:2007 and Table B2, for Outstanding and Internal Elements of a
section.
For the criteria for being included in those classes, refer to section 3.7.2-(a) (d) of the code.
Slender Sections

STAAD.Pro is capable of designing I-Sections with slender webs for IS 800:2007.

This feature requires STAAD.Pro V8i (SELECTseries 3) (release 20.07.08) or higher.
The IS:800-2007 code does not provide any clear guidelines about what method should be
adopted for the design of slender section. The "Flange Only" methodology is used where it is
assumed that flexure is taken by the flanges alone and the web will resist shear with adequate
shear buckling resistance. This method requires that the flanges be non-slender elements (i.e.,
on the web is a slender element) to qualify for a valid section for design. If any of the flange
elements become slender, the design will not be performed and a warning message is
displayed in the output.
International Design Codes

Indian Codes - Steel Design per IS 800:2007

11F.6 Verification Example
Calculate compressive strength, bending strength, and shear strength of laterally supported
plate girder 800-6-200-10 given Fy = 250 MPa and Fu = 420 MPa. Check per the IS800: 2007
Limit State Design methodology.
11F.6.1 Solution

Material properties:
E = 2.05(10)5 MPa
This is the default value of the modulus of elasticity for steel used by STAAD.Pro. IS
800:2007 specifies that a modulus of 2.0(10)5 MPa should be used.
= 0.3
G = E/2.0(1 + ) = 78,846 MPa
Cross sectional properties:
Ag = 8006 + 2(20010) = 8,800 mm2
Izz = 912.1(10)6 mm4
Iyy =13.35(10)6 mm4
Ryy = (IyyArea) = 38.95 mm
Rzz = (IzzArea) = 321.95 mm
Force:
Fx = 19.644 kN (Compression)
Fy = 1.2 kN
Fz = 2.0 kN
Mx = 0.0 kNm
My = 10.0 kNm
Mz = 51.659 kNm
Section Classification

Flange:
b = (bf - tw)/2 = (200 - 6)/2 = 97 mm
f = (250/fy) = (250/250) = 1.0
b/tf = 97/10 = 9.7 > 9.4, < 13.6
Thus, the flange is considered semi-compact.
Web:

r2 = (Fx/Area)/fy = (19,644 / 8,800)/250 = 0.0089

> 42 = 42(1.0) = 42
d/tw = 800/6 = 133.33 > 123.8
Thus, the web is considered slender.
The overall section is classified as slender.
Calculation of compressive strength

Net area of section:

Ae= Ag - (d/tw - 42.0) tw2 = 8,800 - [133.33 - 42.0(1.0)](6)2 = 5,512. mm2
Slenderness ratio:
(kyL/Ry) = 0.33(5,000) / 38.95 = 42.36
(kzL/Rz) = 1.0(5,000) / 321.95 = 15.53
Euler buckling stress (per Cl.7.1.2.1 of IS 800:2007):

Non-dimensional effective slenderness ratio:

Imperfection factor, , is equal to 0.49 and buckling class is c as Tf < 40.0 mm and buckling
is about YY axis (per Table 7 and Table 10 in IS 800:2007).
Partial factor of safety mo = 1.10
Per Cl.7.1.2.1 of IS 800:2007:
= 0.5[1 + ( - 0.2) + 2] = 0.5[1 + 0.49(0.471 - 0.2) + (0.471)2] = 0.677
Stress reduction factor,

fcd = (fy/mo) = 0.86(250 / 1.1) = 195.5 MPa

Design compressive strength (per Cl.7.1.2 of IS 800:2007):
Pd = Aefcd = 5,512.(195.5) = 1,077 kN
Calculation of bending strength

The web is slender and hence it is disregarded in bending strength calculation.

Zez = Iz/(820/2) =656.1(10)6/410 = 1.60(10)6 mm3

Iy =2(10)(200)312 = 13.33(10)6 mm4
Zey = Iy(0.5Bf) = 13.33(10)6/(0.5200) = 133,333 mm3
Ixx = 2(Bf Tf3/3.0) = 2.0[(200)(10)3/3.0] = 133.333(10)3 mm4
For laterally supported beam:
Mdz = Zez Fy/mo = 1.60(10)6(250)/1.10 = 364 kNm
Mdy = Zey Fy/mo =133,333(250)/1.1 = 30.3 kNm
For laterally unsupported beam:
Warping constant:
Iw = (d + Tf)2 Bf3 Tf/24.0 = (800 + 10)2 2003 10/24.0 = 2.187(10)12 mm6
Elastic lateral torsional buckling moment (per Cl.8.2.2.1 of IS 800:2007):
LLT = 5,000 mm

LT = 0.49 for welded steel section per Cl.8.2.2 of IS 800:2007

LTZ = 0.5[1 + LT (LTZ - 0.2) + LTZ2 ] = 1.13

fbdz = (LTZ Fy) mo = 0.574(250)/1.1 = 130.4 MPa

Mdz = Zez fbdz = 1.6(10)6(130.4) = 208.6 kNm

MdY = (Zey Fy) / mo = 133,333(250)/1.1 = 30.30 kNm
Calculation of shear strength

c = spacing of stiffener = 1000 mm

d = depth of web = 800 mm
c/d = 1000/800 = 1.25 > 1.0
Hence, per Cl.8.4.2.2.(a):
kv = 5.35 + 4.0/(c/d)2 = 7.91
d/Tw = 800/6 = 133.33

Since, d/Tw > 67(kv5.35), shear strength is governed by shear buckling.

Elastic critical stress of the web

Non-dimensional web slenderness ratio for shear buckling stress:

Hence

Shear force corresponding to shear buckling = Av b

11F.6.2 Comparison
Table 11F.2-IS 800:2007 Verification Problem 1
Item
Reference STAAD.Pro Difference
Compressive
1,077
1.076(10)3 Negligible

Table 11F.2-IS 800:2007 Verification Problem 1

Item
Reference STAAD.Pro Difference
Strength, Pd (kN)
Major Axis Bending
Strength, Mdz
(kNm)
208.6
208.681 Negligible
(Laterally
unsupported)
Minor Axis
Bending Strength,
Mdy (kNm)
(Laterally
unsupported)
Major Axis Shear
Strength, VcrY (kN)
MInor Axis Shear
Strength, VcrZ (kN)

30.30

30.303

Negligible

359.5

359.732

Negligible

300.0

299.776

Negligible

11F.6.3 STAAD Input File

STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 22-Oct-08
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 0 5 0; 3 5 5 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 2.05e+008
POISSON 0.3

DENSITY 76.8195
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
END DEFINE MATERIAL
START USER TABLE
TABLE 1
UNIT METER KN
WIDE FLANGE
SLEND
0.0088 0.82 0.006 0.2 0.01 0.000912133 1.33477e-005 1.90933e-007 0.00492 0.004
END
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 UPTABLE 1 SLEND
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
2 TABLE ST ISMB500
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL STEEL ALL
SUPPORTS
1 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
JOINT LOAD
3 FY -2
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -2
JOINT LOAD

2 FX 1.2
2 FZ -2
SELFWEIGHT Y -1 ALL
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT SUPPORT REACTION
PRINT MEMBER FORCES
PARAMETER 1
CODE IS800 LSD
CAN 0 MEMB 1
ky 0.33 all
stp 2 all
TST 1 MEMB 1
TSP 1 MEMB 1
***Laterally Unsupported****
*LAT 1 all
TRACK 2 MEMB 1
CHECK CODE MEMB 1
PARAMETER 2
CODE IS800 LSD
CAN 0 MEMB 1
ky 0.33 all
stp 2 all
TST 1 MEMB 1
TSP 1 MEMB 1
***Laterally supported****

LAT 1 all
TRACK 2 MEMB 1
CHECK CODE MEMB 1
FINISH
11F.6.4 Output
TRACK 2.0 output for the Laterally unsupported check
STAAD.PRO CODE CHECKING - IS-800 2007 (V2.0)
************************************************
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Member Number:
1
|
| Member Section: ST
SLEND
(UPT)
|
| Status: PASS Ratio:
0.401 Critical Load Case:
1 Location:
0.00
|
| Critical Condition: Sec. 9.3.1.1
|
| Critical Design Forces: (Unit: KN
METE)
|
|
FX:
19.644E+00 C
FY:
-1.200E+00
FZ:
2.000E+00
|
|
MX:
0.000E+00
MY:
-10.000E+00
MZ:
51.659E+00
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Section Properties:
(Unit: CM )
|
| AXX:
88.000E+00
IZZ:
91.213E+03
RZZ:
32.195E+00|
| AYY:
48.000E+00
IYY:
1.335E+03
RYY:
3.895E+00|
| AZZ:
40.000E+00
IXX:
19.093E+00
CW:
2.187E+06|
| ZEZ:
2.225E+03
ZPZ:
2.580E+03
|
| ZEY:
133.477E+00
ZPY:
207.200E+00
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Slenderness Check:
(Unit: METE)
|
| Actual Length:
5.000E+00
|
| Parameters:
LZ:
5.000E+00 LY:
5.000E+00
|
|
KZ:
1.000 KY:
0.330
|
| Actual Ratio: 42.37 Allowable Ratio: 180.00 LOAD:
1 FX:
19.644E+00 C |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Section Class:
Slender; Flange Class: Semi-Compact; Web Class:
Slender |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
STAAD.PRO CODE CHECKING - IS-800 2007 (V2.0)
************************************************
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Member Number:
1
|
| Member Section: ST
SLEND
(UPT)
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Tension:
(Unit:KN
METE)
|
| Parameters:
FYLD:
250.000E+03
FU:
420.000E+03
|
|
NSF:
1.000
ALPHA:
0.800
DBS: 0
|
| Capacity:
2.000E+03
As per sec. No.:Cl. 6.2
|
| Actual Design Force:
0.000E+00
LC:
0
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Compression:
(Unit:KN
METE)
|
| Buckling Class:
Major: b
Minor: c
As per Sec. No.:Cl. 7.1.2.2
|
| Capacity:
1.076E+03
As per sec. No.:Cl. 7.1.2
|
| Actual Design Force:
19.644E+00
LC:
1
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Shear:
(Unit:KN )
|
| Major Axis: Actual Design Force:
-1.200E+00 LC:
1 Loc:
0.000E+00|
|
Capacity:
359.732E+00
As per sec. No.:Cl. 8.4.2
|
| Minor Axis: Actual Design Force:
-2.000E+00 LC:
1 Loc:
0.000E+00|
|
Capacity:
299.776E+00
As per sec. No.:Cl. 8.4.2
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Bending:
(Unit:KN
METE)
|
| Parameters:
Laterally Unsupported
KX:
1.00 LX:
5.000E+00
General
|
| Major Axis: Actual Design Force:
51.659E+00 LC:
1 Loc:
0.000E+00|
|
Capacity:
208.681E+00
As per sec. No.:Cl. 8.2.2
|
| Minor Axis: Actual Design Force:
-10.000E+00 LC:
1 Loc:
0.000E+00|
|
Capacity:
30.303E+00
As per sec. No.:Cl. 8.2.1.1
|

|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Combined Interaction:
|
| Parameters: PSI: 1.00
CMX:
0.900
CMY:
0.900
CMZ:
0.900
|
| Interaction Ratio:
0.401
As per sec. No.:Sec. 9.3.1.1
|
| LC:
1
Loc:
0.000E+00
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Checks
Ratio
Load Case No.
Location from Start
|
|
|
| Tension
0.000
0
0.000E+00
|
| Compression
0.018
1
0.000E+00
|
| Shear Major
0.003
1
0.000E+00
|
| Shear Minor
0.007
1
0.000E+00
|
| Bend Major
0.248
1
0.000E+00
|
| Bend Minor
0.340
1
0.000E+00
|
| Sec. 9.3.1.1
0.401
1
0.000E+00
|
| Sec. 9.3.2.2 (Z)
0.210
1
5.000E+00
|
| Sec. 9.3.2.2 (Y)
0.233
1
5.000E+00
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

TRACK 2.0 output for the laterally supported check

STAAD.PRO CODE CHECKING - IS-800 2007 (V2.0)
************************************************
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Member Number:
1
|
| Member Section: ST
SLEND
(UPT)
|
| Status: PASS Ratio:
0.360 Critical Load Case:
1 Location:
0.00
|
| Critical Condition: Sec. 9.3.1.1
|
| Critical Design Forces: (Unit: KN
METE)
|
|
FX:
19.644E+00 C
FY:
-1.200E+00
FZ:
2.000E+00
|
|
MX:
0.000E+00
MY:
-10.000E+00
MZ:
51.659E+00
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

Section Properties:

(Unit:

CM

|
| AXX:
88.000E+00
IZZ:
91.213E+03
RZZ:
32.195E+00|
| AYY:
48.000E+00
IYY:
1.335E+03
RYY:
3.895E+00|
| AZZ:
40.000E+00
IXX:
19.093E+00
CW:
2.187E+06|
| ZEZ:
2.225E+03
ZPZ:
2.580E+03
|
| ZEY:
133.477E+00
ZPY:
207.200E+00
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Slenderness Check:
(Unit: METE)
|
| Actual Length:
5.000E+00
|
| Parameters:
LZ:
5.000E+00 LY:
5.000E+00
|
|
KZ:
1.000 KY:
0.330
|
| Actual Ratio: 42.37 Allowable Ratio: 180.00 LOAD:
1 FX:
19.644E+00 C |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Section Class:
Slender; Flange Class: Semi-Compact; Web Class:
Slender |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
STAAD.PRO CODE CHECKING - IS-800 2007 (V2.0)
************************************************
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Member Number:
1
|
| Member Section: ST
SLEND
(UPT)
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Tension:
(Unit:KN
METE)
|
| Parameters:
FYLD:
250.000E+03
FU:
420.000E+03
|
|
NSF:
1.000
ALPHA:
0.800
DBS: 0
|
| Capacity:
2.000E+03
As per sec. No.:Cl. 6.2
|
| Actual Design Force:
0.000E+00
LC:
0
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Compression:
(Unit:KN
METE)
|
| Buckling Class:
Major: b
Minor: c
As per Sec. No.:Cl. 7.1.2.2
|
| Capacity:
1.076E+03
As per sec. No.:Cl. 7.1.2
|
| Actual Design Force:
19.644E+00
LC:
1
|

|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Shear:
(Unit:KN )
|
| Major Axis: Actual Design Force:
-1.200E+00 LC:
1 Loc:
0.000E+00|
|
Capacity:
359.732E+00
As per sec. No.:Cl. 8.4.2
|
| Minor Axis: Actual Design Force:
-2.000E+00 LC:
1 Loc:
0.000E+00|
|
Capacity:
299.776E+00
As per sec. No.:Cl. 8.4.2
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Bending:
(Unit:KN
METE)
|
| Parameters:
Laterally Supported
KX:
1.00 LX:
5.000E+00
General
|
| Major Axis: Actual Design Force:
51.659E+00 LC:
1 Loc:
0.000E+00|
|
Capacity:
363.710E+00
As per sec. No.:Cl. 8.2.1.1
|
| Minor Axis: Actual Design Force:
-10.000E+00 LC:
1 Loc:
0.000E+00|
|
Capacity:
30.303E+00
As per sec. No.:Cl. 8.2.1.1
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Combined Interaction:
|
| Parameters: PSI: 1.00
CMX:
0.900
CMY:
0.900
CMZ:
0.900
|
| Interaction Ratio:
0.360
As per sec. No.:Sec. 9.3.1.1
|
| LC:
1
Loc:
0.000E+00
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Checks
Ratio
Load Case No.
Location from Start
|
|
|
| Tension
0.000
0
0.000E+00
|
| Compression
0.018
1
0.000E+00
|
| Shear Major
0.003
1
0.000E+00
|
| Shear Minor
0.007
1
0.000E+00
|
| Bend Major
0.142
1
0.000E+00
|
| Bend Minor
0.340
1
0.000E+00
|
| Sec. 9.3.1.1
0.360
1
0.000E+00
|
| Sec. 9.3.2.2 (Z)
0.126
1
5.000E+00
|
| Sec. 9.3.2.2 (Y)
0.141
1
5.000E+00
|

|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|