AOPA Cardinal 177 Pilot's Guide

FOR FLIGHT SIMULATION ONLY!
2007 Flight1 Software. All RightsPage

Reserved.
For Flight Simulation Use Only.

TABLE OF CONTENTS / CREDITS

Credits............................................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 3
Important Information....................................................................................................................... 4
Aircraft Data..................................................................................................................................... 5
Symbols and Abbreviations................................................................................................................ 6
Selecting Your Aircraft....................................................................................................................... 7
Main Panel..................................................................................................................................... 8-9
Pop-Up Panels.............................................................................................................................10-12
Click Spots..................................................................................................................................13-16
Gauges and Instruments..............................................................................................................17-18
Limitations.......................................................................................................................................19
Normal Procedures......................................................................................................................20-25
Performance Charts.....................................................................................................................26-43
Jerry Beckwith (AOPA #05557957) . ............................................................................. Flight Dynamics

Terry Gaff............................................................................................................Aircraft Model and VC
Henning van Rensburg (AOPA #5345938) . ............................................................ Gauge Programming
Matt Kaprocki . ..................................................................................................... Gauge Programming
Todd Nicholson ............................................................................................................ Documentation
Jim Rhoads (AOPA #01270723) ...................................Panel and Gauge Graphics / Project Management
Page
INTRODUCTION
AOPA "Catch-A-Cardinal" Cessna 177 Cardinal
Being a member of the AOPA has countless benefits, but in many cases it offers rewards as well...
For several years now, AOPA has been offering its sweepstakes aircraft to one of its lucky members. This
year one lucky person will receive a completely refurbished 1977 177B Cessna Cardinal aircraft.
But even if you don't win it, Flight1 Software and AOPA have arranged the opportunity for you to fly
N778RD in Microsoft's Flight Simulator X series.
Cardinals are considered desirable aircraft to own because of their large doors, easy entry, and the aircraft's
reasonable performance and attractive looks. The 177 offers much better upwards visibility than a 172 and
the absence of an obstructing wing strut makes the aircraft an excellent platform for aerial photography.
On behalf of AOPA and Flight1 Software, I invite you to experience the AOPA Cardinal for Microsoft's Flight
Simulator X, and we look forward for the opportunity to serve you in the future.
Jim Rhoads
Flight1 Software
www.flight1.com

Reserved.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION
About This Pilot's Guide
Please take some time to read through this Pilot's Guide to become familiar with the AOPA Cessna 177
Cardinal for Flight Simulator X. The AOPA Cessna 177 Cardinal includes many avionics and features that
you will want to familiarize yourself with. This will allow you to get the most enjoyment out of your new
AOPA Cessna 177 Cardinal.
IMPORTANT
Even though this Pilot's Guide is designed in color with black text to make it easily readable on your
computer screen, if you wish to print this Pilot's Guide and save ink at the same time, please choose to
print in Grayscale, via your computers print dialog screen.
Please note that separate Pilot's Guides have been installed with your software for various gauges, such
as the Garmin GNS430 GPS, the Meggit S-TEC 55X autopilot and the Garmin MX200 Color Multi-Function
Display. Make sure that you reference these Pilot's Guides to familiarize yourself with these gauges.
This Pilot's Guide is not intended to be a guide for basic flight instruction or a training manual and should
not be used as one. It is not a substitute for adequate and competent flight instruction, knowledge of
current air-worthiness directives, applicable federal air regulations or advisory circulars.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the express written
consent of Flight1 Software.
2007 Flight1 Software. All rights reserved.
Visit our Web Site at: www.flight1.com
DISCLAIMER
This software is designed for entertainment purposes only. Although we have designed the AOPA
Cessna 177 Cardinal to resemble and function as closely as possible to the real aircraft, it is not designed
as a training device. Not all avionics systems have been simulated, and some of those that have been
simulated may not be entirely functional or simulated to 100%.
Page
AIRCRAFT DATA
Engine
Engine Manufacturer and Type: Avco Lycoming Normally-Aspirated, Air-Cooled, Carbureted Four-Cylinder
Engine Model Number: O-360-A1F6D
Horsepower Rating and Engine Speed
Maximum Power: 180 BHP
Maximum Engine Speed: 2700 RPM
Propeller
Propeller Manufacturer: McCauley
Number of Blades: Two
Fuel
Approved Fuels: 100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (Blue) / 100 Grade Aviation Fuel (Green)
Total Capacity: 50 Gallons
Usable Fuel: 49 Gallons
Oil
Oil Capacity: 9 Quarts
Maximum Weights
Maximum Ramp Weight: 2500 Pounds
Maximum Takeoff Weight: 2500 Pounds (Normal Category)
Maximum Landing Weight: 2500 Pounds (Normal Category)
Maximum Cargo Weight
Total Area: 120 Pounds
Typical Aircraft Weights
Empty Weight: 1533 Pounds
Useful Load: 967 Pounds (Normal Category)

Reserved.

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

V-Speed Symbols
VSO Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable in the landing
configuration at maximum gross weight.
VS
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable.
VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed
extended position.
VA
Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which you may use abrupt control travel.
VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should not be exceeded except in smooth air,
and then only with caution.
VNE Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time.
VX
Best Angle of Climb Speed provides the best altitude gain per unit of horizontal distance, and is
usually used for clearing obstacles during takeoff.
VY
Best Rate of Climb Speed provides the best altitude gain in the shortest amount of time.
VG
Best Rate of Glide Speed provides the best glide distance in an engine-out scenario.
Airspeed Terminology
KCAS Knots Calibrated Airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for position and instrument error and
expressed in knots. Knots calibrated airspeed is equal to KTAS in standard atmosphere at sea level.
KIAS Indicated Airspeed in Knots.
KTAS True Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air which is the CAS corrected for
altitude, temperature and compressibility.
Meteorological Terminology
OAT
Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature obtained either from in-flight
temperature indications or ground meteorological sources, adjusted for instrument error and
compressibility effects.
ISA
Standard Temperature is 15C at sea level pressure altitude and decreases by 2C for each 1000
feet of altitude.
PA
Pressure Altitude is altitude measured from the standard sealevel pressure of 29.92 in Hg by a
pressure of barometric altimeter.
Page
SELECTING YOUR AIRCRAFT

The AOPA Cessna 177 Cardinal is located under AOPA in the Flight Simulator Aircraft Manufacturer
drop-down box. It is not located under Cessna.
IMPORTANT
If there is a problem loading the AOPA Cessna 177 Cardinal into Flight Simulator, first load the default
Flight Simulator flight, move the aircraft to the active runway, then save the flight as the new default
flight. Load the default flight, then SWITCH to the AOPA Cessna 177 Cardinal (using the Aircraft
drop-down selection in the Flight Simulator Menu Bar) and set up your flight parameters, such as location,
time, weather, etc.
We strongly advise against loading the AOPA Cessna 177 Cardinal over a previously saved flight, other
than the Default flight. This will ensure that previously saved settings will not carry over and interfere
with the AOPA Cessna 177 Cardinal.

Reserved.

MAIN PANEL
Main Panel Layout
All click-spots are activated using left mouse clicks. Some click-spots (such as some rotary knobs) can be
activated using your mouse's scroll wheel. Scroll forward to turn knobs to the right and scroll backward to
turn knobs to the left.
Autopilot Pop-Up
Panel Manager Pop-Up
GPS 1 Pop-Up
Landing View Panel
Radio Stack Pop-Up
Panel Manager Pop-Up - Toggles the Panel Manager Pop-Up on and off.
Auto Pilot Pop-Up - Toggles the Auto Pilot Pop-Up on and off.
Landing View Panel - Toggles the Landing View Panel.
GPS 1 Pop-Up - Toggles the GPS 1 Pop-Up on and off.
Radio Stack Pop-Up - Toggles the Radio Stack Pop-Up on and off.
Page
Continued on Next Page
MAIN PANEL
Main Panel Layout, Continued
J
S
B
T
C
L
E
D
F
A) Vacuum Gauge
B) Digital Clock
C) Gyro Slaving Unit (Not Modeled)
D) Fuel Pressure Gauge
E) JPI EDM-800 Digital EGT Gauge
F) Carburetor Temperature Gauge
G) Airspeed Indicator Gauge
H) Turn Coordinator Gauge
I) Engine Gauges
J) Annunciators
K) Attitude Indicator Gauge
R
V
L) Horizontal Situation Indicator Gauge

M) Altimeter Gauge
N) Vertical Speed Indicator Gauge
O) Manifold Pressure Gauge
P) Nav 1 Indicator Gauge
Q) Standby Attitude Indicator Gauge
R) Propeller RPM Gauge
S) Garmin Audio Panel
T) Garmin MX200 Color MFD
U) Garmin GNS430 GPS 1
V) Garmin GNS430 GPS 2

Reserved.

POP-UP PANELS
Panel Manager
Use the Panel Manager to toggle the pop-up panels on and off using your mouse. Clicking on each
separate panel box will toggle the specified panel to pop up. Clicking on the panel box a second time will
close the specified pop-up panel.
l
Auto Pilot and Transponder
Radio Stack - Includes Audio Panel, MFD, GPS 1 and GPS 2
Lower Panel - Includes Ignition, Lighting, Trim and Engine Controls
Flaps - Includes Flap Lever and Position Indicator
Fuel Selector
Multiple pop-up panels can be selected at any given time.
Page 10
POP-UP PANELS
Keyboard Shortcuts, Pop-Up Panels and Landing View Panel
Pop-up panels can be toggled on and off using keyboard shortcuts.
(Shift+2) Landing View Panel
l (Shift+3) Radio Stack
l (Shift+4) Auto Pilot and Transponder
l (Shift+5) Panel Manager - Not Shown
l
(Shift+6) Lower Panel

(Shift+7) Flaps
l (Shift+8) Fuel Selector
l (Shift+9) GPS 1
l
l
Radio Stack
Auto Pilot and Transponder
Lower Panel
Flaps

Reserved.
11
POP-UP PANELS
Keyboard Shortcuts, Pop-Up Panels and Landing View Panel, Continued
Fuel Selector
GPS 1
Landing View Panel
Page 12
CLICK-SPOTS
Main Panel
18
24
9
10
16 17
19 20
13 14
11 12
2
24
21 22
23
15
24
1) Toggle Panel Manager Pop-Up

2) EGT Step Button
3) EGT Lean Find Button
4) EGT RPM/Power Percent Swap Button
5) Clock Start/Stop Button
6) Clock Step Button
7) Clock Reset Button
8) Toggle Landing View Panel
9) ADI Adjust Left (Scroll Backward)
10) ADI Adjust Right (Scroll Forward)
11) Course Adjust Left (Scroll Backward)
12) Course Adjust Right (Scroll Forward)
13) Heading Adjust Left (Scroll Backward)

14) Heading Adjust Right (Scroll Forward)
15) Toggle Auto Pilot and Transponder Pop-Up
16) Altimeter Calibration Decrease (Scroll Backward)
17) Altimeter Calibration Increase (Scroll Forward)
18) Toggle GPS 1 Pop-Up
19) OBS Knob Left (Scroll Backward)
20) OBS Knob Right (Scroll Forward)
21) Attitude Bars Decrease (Scroll Backward)
22) Attitude Bars Increase (Scroll Forward)
23) Quick Erect Knob
24) Toggle Radio Stack Pop-Up

Reserved.
13 For Flight Simulation Use Only.
CLICK-SPOTS
Transponder and Auto Pilot Panel
4
5
3
12
12
7
6
12
12
12
12
12
12
10
11
12
12
13
14
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
15
16
17
18
19
23
20
21
22
Ident Button
VFR Button
Standby Button
On Button
Altitude Mode Button (A & C)
Off Button
Toggle Transponder/Auto Pilot Pop-Up
8) Function Button
9) Start/Stop Button
10) Cursor Button
11) Clear Button
12) Numerical Buttons 1 - 9
13) Toggle Transponder/Auto Pilot Pop-Up
14) Heading Button
15) NAV Button
16) Approach Button
17) Reverse Approach Button
18) Altitude Hold Button
19) Altitude Capture Button
20) Vertical Speed Button
21) Vertical Speed Decrease (Scroll Backward)
22) Vertical Speed Increase (Scroll Forward)
23) Auto Pilot Toggle On/Off
Fuel Selector Panel

5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Toggle Left Tank

Toggle Both Tanks
Toggle Right Tank
Fuel Cutoff
Close Fuel Selector Pop-Up
Page 14
CLICK-SPOTS
Lower Panel
28
22
1
8
5
10
12
7
9
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
24
26
11
1) Alternator On
2) Alternator Off
3) Battery On
4) Battery Off
5) Fuel Pump Toggle On/Off
6) Key Turn Left (Scroll Backward)
7) Key Turn Right (Scroll Forward)
8) Panel Flood Lights Toggle On/Off
9) Panel Flood Lights Toggle On/Off
10) Auto Pilot On/Off
11) Trim On/Off (Not Modeled)
12) Avionics Master On/Off
13) ESS Bus On/Off (Not Modeled)
14) HSI On/Off
23
27
25
15) Pitot Heat On/Off

16) Navigation Lights On/Off
17) Beacon Light On/Off
18) Strobe Lights On/Off
19) Taxi Lights On/Off
20) Landing Lights On/Off
21) Pulse Lights On/Off (Not Modeled)
22) Elevator Trim Down (Scroll Forward)
23) Elevator Trim Up (Scroll Backward)
24) Carb Heat On/Off
25) Throttle Control (Click, Hold and Drag)
26) Propeller Pitch Control (Click, Hold and Drag)
27) Mixture Control (Click, Hold and Drag)
28) Close Lower Panel Pop-Up
Flaps Panel
1
1) Flaps Up
2) Flaps Down
3) Close Flaps Panel Pop-Up

Reserved.
CLICK-SPOTS
Audio Panel
2
12
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Power On/Off
Marker Mute Button
Marker Sensitivity Button
Comm 1 Selection Button
Comm 1 MIC Button
Comm 2 Selection Button
Comm 2 MIC Button
NAV 1 Audio Button
NAV 2 Audio Button
10
11
13
15
14
16
17
18
10) DME Audio Button

11) ADF Audio Button
12) Comm 1/2 Selection Button
13) Speaker Audio Button
14) PA Audio Button
15) Pilot Audio Button
16) Crew Audio Button
17) Test Button
18) Power On/Off
MX200 Color MFD and GNS430 GPS

IMPORTANT
Click-spots for the Garmin MX200 Color MFD and the Garmin GNS430 GPS can be found in specific Pilot's
Guides installed separately with your software. These Pilot's Guides can be found in your Start Menu.
From the desktop - Start - All Programs - AOPA - 177 Cardinal
THIS AREA INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Page 16
GAUGES AND INSTRUMENTS

Most gauges and instruments featured are standard, so most users should already be familiar with their
different functions and uses. This section describes gauges and instruments we feel may need more explanation.
JPI EDM-800 Digital EGT Gauge
1
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Toggle Between Percent of HP and RPM

Cylinder Number Display
Cylinder Graphical Display
Data Display
Step Button (Press to Advance Data Types)
Toggle Between Fahrenheit and Celcius Data Display
LeanFind Button
Step Button
Used to cycle through individual cylinder CHT/EGT displays as well as additional data including:
Turbine Inlet Temperature
Oil Temperature
l Battery Voltage
l Outside/Free Air Temperature
l RPM (Prop) and Manifold Pressure
l Total Remaining Fuel (Gallons)
l Fuel Flow (Gallons Per Hour)
l
An illuminated dot appears above the graphic display columns to indicate the currently active data. All
temperature readings in the graphic display are in degrees Fahrenheit regardless of temperature mode
selected.
LeanFind Button
Starts the LeanFind Mode. Upon initializing LeanFind, "LEAN R" (designating rich of peak method) is
displayed in the lower digital readout for two seconds. After two seconds, EGT in degrees Fahrenheit of
the hottest cylinder and fuel flow in gallons per hour is displayed for LeanFind monitoring. A flashing dot
also appears above the cylinder with the hottest EGT. (This will always be cylinder 4 due to FS limitations.)
After leaning the mixture to the desired EGT, LeanFind can be deactivated by clicking the LeanFind button.
Clicking LeanFind or STEP at any point when LeanFind Mode is active will deactivate it.
Recommendations for leaning: lean to approximately peak EGT for best economy and approximately 100F
rich of peak for best power (at the cost of reduced fuel economy).

Reserved.
GAUGES AND INSTRUMENTS

Multifunction Clock Display
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Digital Display
Active Display Type (Illuminated Green)
Start/Stop Button
Step Button (Press to Advance Data Display Types)
Reset Button
Step Button
Used to cycle through individual data display types including:
Current Barometer
Current Altitude
l Current Outside Air Temperature in Celcius
l Timer Function
l Clock Function
l
An illuminated green LED indicates the currently active data display type.
Start/Stop and Reset Buttons
The Start/Stop button works only when in TIMER mode. Press Start/Stop once to begin the timer and
press Start/Stop again to stop the timer. Press Reset to clear the timer and reset it to zero.
In CLOCK mode, pressing the Reset button changes the clock display value.
Garmin MX200 Color MFD, Garmin GNS430 GPS and Meggit S-TEC 55X AutopiIMPORTANT
Due to the complexity of these instruments, we have provided a separate Pilot's Guide for each of these
three instruments. These Pilot's Guides can be found in your Start Menu.
From the desktop - Start - All Programs - AOPA - 177 Cardinal
Page 18
LIMITATIONS
Airspeed Limitations

SPEED
KCAS
KIAS
VNE
Never Exceed Speed
161
167
VNO
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed
134
138
VA
Maneuvering Speed:
2500 Pounds
2100 Pounds
1700 Pounds
101
93
84
102
93
83
VFE
Maximum Flap Extended Speed

To 10 Flaps
10 - 30 Flaps
113
90
115
90
Power Plant Limitations

Engine Manufacturer: Avco Lycoming
Engine Model Number: O-360-A1F6D
Maximum Power: 180 BHP
Maximum Engine Speed: 2700 RPM
Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature: 260C (500F)
Maximum Oil Temperature: 118C (245F)
Minimum Oil Pressure 25 psi
Maximum Oil Pressure 100 psi
Minimum Fuel Pressure 2 psi
Maximum Fuel Pressure 8 psi
Propeller Manufacturer: McCauley Accessory Division
Propeller Operating Limits: Avoid continuous operation between 1700 and 1900 RPM with less than 10 MP.

Reserved.
NORMAL PROCEDURES
IMPORTANT
The procedures listed in this section are taken directly from the actual Cessna 177 Cardinal Pilots
Operating Handbook. Although we have designed the AOPA Cessna 177 Cardinal to resemble and
function as closely as possible to the real aircraft, it is not designed as a training device. Its possible
that some checklist procedures listed may not be accomplished in this simulation.
Speeds for Normal Operation and Cruise Performance Table
Takeoff:

Normal Climb Out ................................................................................................................. 65-75 KIAS

Short Field Takeoff, Flaps 15, Speed at 50 Feet........................................................................57 KIAS
Enroute Climb, Flaps Up:

Normal.................................................................................................................................... 75-85 KIAS

Best Rate of Climb, Sea Level.....................................................................................................79 KIAS
Best Rate of Climb, 10,000 Feet..................................................................................................70 KIAS
Best Angle of Climb, Sea Level....................................................................................................65 KIAS
Best Angle of Climb, 10,000 Feet................................................................................................65 KIAS
Landing Approach:

Normal Approach, Flaps Up................................................................................................... 70-80 KIAS

Normal Approach, Flaps 30.................................................................................................. 60-70 KIAS
Short Field Approach, Flaps 30..................................................................................................61 KIAS
Balked Landing:

Maximum Power, Flaps 20.........................................................................................................65 KIAS
Maximum Recommended Turbulent Air Penetration Speed:

2500 Pounds..............................................................................................................................102 KIAS
2100 Pounds................................................................................................................................93 KIAS
1700 Pounds................................................................................................................................83 KIAS
Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity:

Takeoff or Landing................................................................................................................... 16 KNOTS
Page 20
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Before Starting Engine
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Preflight Inspection.......................................................................................................... COMPLETE

Seats, Belts, Shoulder Harnesses......................................................................ADJUST AND LOCK
Fuel Selector Valve..............................................................................................................BOTH ON
Fuel Shutoff Valve.......................................................................................................................... ON
Radios, Autopilot, Electrical Equipment........................................................................................OFF
Brakes.........................................................................................................................TEST and SET
Cowl Flaps.................................................................................................................................OPEN
Circuit Breakers..................................................................................................................CHECK IN
Starting Engine
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Mixture........................................................................................................................................ RICH
Propeller............................................................................................................................HIGH RPM
Carburetor Heat.........................................................................................................................COLD
Master Switch................................................................................................................................ ON
Prime.......................................................................................................................... AS REQUIRED
Throttle......................................................................................................................OPEN 1/2 INCH
Propeller Area..........................................................................................................................CLEAR
Ignition Switch......................................................................................................................... START
Oil Pressure............................................................................................................................ CHECK
Before Takeoff
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Parking Brake...............................................................................................................................SET
Cabin Doors................................................................................................... CLOSED and LOCKED
Flight Controls..................................................................................................FREE and CORRECT
Flight Instruments................................................................................................................... CHECK
Fuel Shutoff Valve.............................................................................................................CHECK ON
Mixture..........................................................................................................RICH (Below 3000 Feet)
Auxiliary Fuel Pump............................................................................................. CHECK THEN OFF
Stabilator and Rudder Trim..................................................................................................TAKEOFF

Reserved.
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Before Takeoff, Continued....
[ ] Throttle...............................................................................................................................1800 RPM

A) Magnetos.........................CHECK (RPM Drop Should Not Exceed 150 RPM on Either Magneto)

B) Propeller..................................................CYCLE (From High to Low RPM; Return to High RPM)

C) Carburetor Heat.......................................................................................... CHECK for RPM Drop

D) Engine Instruments and Ammeter..................................................................................... CHECK

E) Suction Gauge................................................................................................................... CHECK
[ ] Radios..........................................................................................................................................SET
[ ] Lights.......................................................................................................................... AS REQUIRED
Normal Takeoff
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Wing Flaps........................................................................................................ 0-10 (10 Preferred)

Power............................................................................................ FULL THROTTLE and 2700 RPM
Stabilator Control.............................................................................. LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 50 KIAS
Climb Speed..................................................................................................................... 65-75 KIAS
Wing Flaps.......................................................................................................................... RETRACT
Prior to takeoff from fields above 3000 feet elevation, the mixture should be leaned to give maximum power.
Smooth and uniform throttle application should be used to ensure best engine acceleration. The preferred
flap setting for normal takeoff is 10.
Short Field Takeoff

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Wing Flaps......................................................................................................................................15
Brakes......................................................................................................................................APPLY
Mixture...............................................................FULL RICH (Lean for Max Power Above 3000 Feet)
Brakes................................................................................................................................ RELEASE
Stabilator Control.............................................................................. LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 50 KIAS
Climb Speed.......................................................................57 KIAS (Until all Obstacles are Cleared)
Wing Flaps.......................................................................... RETRACT (After Obstacles are Cleared)
Page 22
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Normal Enroute Climb
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Airspeed........................................................................................................................... 75-85 KIAS

Power......................................................24 INCHES Hg or FULL THROTTLE and 2500-2700 RPM
Mixture......................................................... FULL RICH (Mixture May be Leaned above 3000 Feet)
Cowl Flaps....................................................................................................... OPEN AS REQUIRED
Power should be reduced to 24 inches of manifold pressure and 2500 RPM for increased passenger comfort
due to lower noise level.
Maximum Performance Climb Enroute Climb
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Airspeed...............................................................79 KIAS (at Sea Level to 70 KIAS at 10,000 Feet)

Mixture......................................................... FULL RICH (Mixture May be Leaned above 3000 Feet)
Cowl Flaps....................................................................................................................... FULL OPEN
Cruise
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Power............................................15-24 INCHES Hg, 2100-2700 RPM (No More than 75% Power)
Stabilator and Rudder Trim.................................................................................................... ADJUST
Mixture....................................................................................................................................... LEAN
Cowl Flaps............................................................................................................................ CLOSED
The cruise performance table illustrates the true airspeed and nautical miles per gallon during cruise for
various altitudes and percent power.

ALTITUDE
75% POWER
KTAS NMPG
Sea Level
120
5000 Feet
125
10,000 Feet
130
Standard Conditions
11.9
12.4
12.9
65% POWER
KTAS NMPG
112
117
121
13.0
13.6
14.1
55% POWER
KTAS NMPG
103
106
109
14.1
14.5
14.9
Zero Wind
Recommended Lean.................................................................................................50F Rich of Peak EGT

Best Economy............................................................................................................................... Peak EGT

Reserved.
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Descent
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Power...AS DESIRED (Avoid Continuous Operation Between 1700 and 1900 RPM Below 10 Inches Hg)
Mixture.......................................................................... RICH or LEAN FOR SMOOTH OPERATION
Carburetor Heat.......................................................................................................... AS REQUIRED
Cowl Flaps............................................................................................................................ CLOSED
Before Landing
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Seats, Belts and Shoulder Harnesses..................................................................................SECURE

Mixture........................................................................................................................................ RICH
Carburetor Heat............................................................ ON (Apply Full Heat Before Closing Throttle)
Propeller...............................................................................................................HIGH RPM (Full In)
Normal Landing
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Airspeed......................................................................................................... 70-80 KIAS (Flaps UP)

Wing Flaps...................................... AS DESIRED (0-10 Below 115 KIAS, 10-30 Below 90 KIAS)
Airspeed...................................................................................................60-70 KIAS (Flaps DOWN)
Touchdown..................................................................................................... MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll....................................................................................LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY
Braking............................................................................................................MINIMUM REQUIRED
Normal landing approaches can be made with power on or power off and at any flap setting. Surface winds
and air turbulence are usually the primary factors in determining the most comfortable approach speeds.
Slips are permitted with any desired flap setting. Actual touchdown should be made with power off and on
the main wheels first. The nose wheel should be lowered smoothly to the runway as speed is diminished.
Full down stabilator (control wheel positioned full forward) should not be used during the ground roll. This
reduces the weight on the main wheels which causes poor braking and increases the possibility of sliding
the tires.
When landing in a strong crosswind, use the minimum flap setting required for the field length.
Page 24
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Short Field Landing
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Airspeed......................................................................................................... 70-80 KIAS (Flaps UP)

Wing Flaps.......................................................................................................... 30 (Below 90 KIAS)
Airspeed...............................................................................................................MAINTAIN 61 KIAS
Power............................................................................ REDUCE TO IDLE (as Obstacle is Cleared)
Touchdown..................................................................................................... MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Braking..................................................................................................................... APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps................................................................RETRACT (For Maximum Brake Effectiveness)
Balked Landing
[
[
[
[
[
[
]
]
]
]
]
]

Wing Flaps..............................................................................................................RETRACT TO 20
Airspeed.................................................................................................................................65 KIAS
Wing Flaps............................................................................................................ RETRACT (Slowly)
Cowl Flaps.................................................................................................................................OPEN
After Landing
[ ] Wing Flaps.......................................................................................................................... RETRACT
[ ] Carburetor Heat.........................................................................................................................COLD
[ ] Cowl Flaps.................................................................................................................................OPEN
Securing Airplane
[
[
[
[
[
[
]
]
]
]
]
]
Parking Brake...............................................................................................................................SET
Radios, Electrical Equipment, Autopilot
OFF
Mixture................................................................................................. IDLE CUT-OFF (Pull Full Out)
Ignition Switch..............................................................................................................................OFF
Master Switch...............................................................................................................................OFF
Fuel Selector Valve...................................................................................................................RIGHT

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
IMPORTANT
The performance charts listed in this section are taken directly from the actual Cessna 177 Cardinal
Pilots Operating Handbook. Although we have taken great pains to ensure that our AOPA Cessna 177
Cardinal flies as closely to the real thing as possible, in some cases performance of the sim aircraft may
not match exactly the performance of the real aircraft due to programming limitations in Flight Simulator.
Page 26
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
Page 28
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
Page 30
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
Page 32
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
Page 34
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
Page 36
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
Page 38
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
Page 40
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
Page 42
PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Reserved.
2007 Flight1 Software. All Rights Reserved.

Page 44
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AOPA Cardinal 177 Pilot&#39;s Guide

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AOPA Cardinal 177 Pilot&#39;s Guide

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FOR FLIGHT SIMULATION ONLY!

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TABLE OF CONTENTS / CREDITS

Jerry Beckwith (AOPA #05557957) . ............................................................................. Flight Dynamics

2007 Flight1 Software. All RightsPage

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SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

SELECTING YOUR AIRCRAFT

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Landing View Panel

Radio Stack Pop-Up

Continued on Next Page

L) Horizontal Situation Indicator Gauge

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Auto Pilot and Transponder

Radio Stack - Includes Audio Panel, MFD, GPS 1 and GPS 2

Lower Panel - Includes Ignition, Lighting, Trim and Engine Controls

Flaps - Includes Flap Lever and Position Indicator

Multiple pop-up panels can be selected at any given time.

Continued on Next Page

(Shift+6) Lower Panel

Auto Pilot and Transponder

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Continued on Next Page

Landing View Panel

1) Toggle Panel Manager Pop-Up

13) Heading Adjust Left (Scroll Backward)

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Continued on Next Page

Fuel Selector Panel

Toggle Left Tank

Continued on Next Page

15) Pitot Heat On/Off

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Continued on Next Page

10) DME Audio Button

MX200 Color MFD and GNS430 GPS

THIS AREA INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

GAUGES AND INSTRUMENTS

Toggle Between Percent of HP and RPM

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Continued on Next Page

GAUGES AND INSTRUMENTS

Never Exceed Speed

Maximum Structural Cruising Speed

Power Plant Limitations

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Normal Climb Out ................................................................................................................. 65-75 KIAS

Enroute Climb, Flaps Up:

Normal.................................................................................................................................... 75-85 KIAS

Normal Approach, Flaps Up................................................................................................... 70-80 KIAS

Maximum Power, Flaps 20.........................................................................................................65 KIAS

Maximum Recommended Turbulent Air Penetration Speed:

Continued on Next Page

Preflight Inspection.......................................................................................................... COMPLETE

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Continued on Next Page

Wing Flaps........................................................................................................ 0-10 (10 Preferred)

Short Field Takeoff

Continued on Next Page

Airspeed........................................................................................................................... 75-85 KIAS

Airspeed...............................................................79 KIAS (at Sea Level to 70 KIAS at 10,000 Feet)

Recommended Lean.................................................................................................50F Rich of Peak EGT

2007 Flight1 Software. All RightsPage

AOPA Cardinal 177 Pilot's Guide

AOPA Cardinal 177 Pilot's Guide